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Morningstar, Inc.
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=== Revenue Types === Morningstar leverages its proprietary data and research to sell products and services across its portfolio that generate revenue in three primary ways: # ''Licensed-based:'' The majority of Morningstar's research, data, and proprietary platforms are accessed via subscription services that grant access on either a per user or enterprise-basis for a specified period of time. Licensed-based revenue includes Morningstar Data, Morningstar Direct, Morningstar Advisor Workstation, PitchBook, Sustainalytics, and other similar products. Licensed-based revenue represented 66.6% of its 2021 consolidated revenue compared to 67.3% in 2020 and 68.9% in 2019. # ''Asset-based:'' Morningstar charges basis points and other fees for assets under management or advisement. Its Morningstar Investment Management, Workplace Solutions, and Morningstar Indexes products are categorized as asset-based revenue. Asset-based revenue represented 15.6% of its 2021 consolidated revenue compared to 16.1% in 2020 and 17.9% in 2019. # ''Transaction-based:'' Credit ratings and ad sales on Morningstar.com comprise the majority of the products that are transactional, or one-time, in nature, versus the recurring revenue streams represented by its licensed and asset-based products. Transaction-based revenue represented 17.8% of its 2021 consolidated revenue compared to 16.6% in 2020 and 13.1% in 2019.
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