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Exxon Mobil Corporation
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== Industry Overview == === Key Trends and Opportunities === The oil and gas (O&G) sector made record-breaking profits in 2022, giving them more than enough cash flow to implement their goals in 2023. O&G businesses have also been on a mission to guarantee supply in the short term while transitioning to cleaner energy in the long run, despite the geopolitical risks and macroeconomic volatility that they have to face. One of the current trends in the industry is focus on sustainability and resurgence of natural gas. A lot of O&G companies are currently working on reducing their environmental footprint. Environmental firms are also aiding oil refineries in recycling hazardous materials through methods like thermal desorption, offering sustainable approaches for handling secondary oil-based materials.Production and process companies are developing solutions to enhance ESG practices in the oil and gas sector too. For instance, they're designing air compressor systems that replace methane-emitting pneumatic controls with compressed instrument air systems. While oil remains a prevalent energy source, it comes with notable drawbacks. The extraction process demands significant energy and resources, with fossil fuels being used for extraction. However, companies are changing their approach nowadays. Natural gas has emerged as a cleaner alternative to traditional sources like coal and gasoline and emits roughly half the greenhouse gases per megawatt hour as compared to petroleum-based fuels, enhancing its sustainability and environmental friendliness due to reduced emissions. The oil and gas sector is increasingly utilising AI and data science to tackle intricate issues across upstream, midstream, and downstream operations. AI-powered platforms aid decision-making and supports petroleum engineers and industry managers in devising and implementing fresh exploration and production strategies, boosting ROI. AI algorithms enhance competitiveness and productivity, while advanced robotics and data management practices speed up processing and reduce reliance on human labor. === Key Challenges === While the oil and gas industry has encountered supply chain disruptions and price fluctuations before, the present circumstances present a unique scenario. The issue of insufficient investment has been exacerbated by a combination of economic, geopolitical, trade, policy, and financial factors. This convergence has also prompted a reevaluation within the broader energy market. Consequently, a complex set of challenges has emerged, affecting three key aspects of a well-rounded energy equation: the assurance of energy security, the need for diversified supply sources, and the pursuit of a low-carbon transition. Balancing long-term energy goals and immediate citizen needs also presents a huge challenge. Environmental and social activists are pressuring the oil and gas industry, impacting the reputation and investments into these companies. Activist investors favour green energy. This pressure compels oil and gas companies to adjust strategies and investments. Due to an ageing workforce, the oil and gas industry has also long struggled with a talent deficit. Young and bright people opt to avoid the sector since it is frequently portrayed negatively in the media. === Key Players === The key players in the oil and industry can be divided into two main types: integrated and national oil companies. The integrated O&G companies which include Exxon, Chevron, BP, and Shell to name a few. Since Mexico nationalised its oil industry in 1938, other nations have either established private state-owned oil businesses or bought sizeable stakes in publicly traded oil firms. Oil nationalisation is becoming more popular as a means of countering historical international oil firms' exploitation of national resources and as a political ploy to control access to and decisions made about such resources. Some notable examples include Saudi Aramco, National Iranian Oil Company, Gazprom, and China National Petroleum Corporation.
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