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local p = {} local list = { ['P2virus']={rank='genus', parent='Peduovirinae', link='P2virus', refs='{{cite web |title=ICTV Taxonomy history: \'\'Escherichia virus P2\'\' |url=https://talk.ictvonline.org/taxonomy/p/taxonomy-history?taxnode_id=20180238 |website=International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses (ICTV) |access-date=18 December 2018 |quote=\'\'Caudovirales\'\' > \'\'Myoviridae\'\' > \'\'Peduovirinae\'\' > \'\'P2virus\'\' > \'\'Escherichia virus P2\'\'}}'}, ['PACMAD clade']={rank='clade', parent='Poaceae', link='PACMAD clade', refs='{{cite journal|last1=Soreng|first1=Robert J.|last2=Peterson|first2=Paul M.|last3=Romaschenko|first3=Konstantin|last4=Davidse|first4=Gerrit|last5=Teisher|first5=Jordan K.|last6=Clark|first6=Lynn G.|last7=Barberá|first7=Patricia|last8=Gillespie|first8=Lynn J.|last9=Zuloaga|first9=Fernando O.|title=A worldwide phylogenetic classification of the Poaceae (Gramineae) II: An update and a comparison of two 2015 classifications|journal=Journal of Systematics and Evolution|volume=55|issue=4|year=2017|pages=259–290|issn=16744918|doi=10.1111/jse.12262}}'}, ['PX clade']={rank='unranked', parent='Stramenopiles', link='PX clade', refs='{{cite web|author1=|title=Chorda filum|url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/Taxonomy/Browser/wwwtax.cgi?id=64905|website=NCBI taxonomy|publisher=National Center for Biotechnology Information|access-date=13 December 2017|location=Bethesda, MD|language=en|quote=Lineage( full ) cellular organisms; Eukaryota; Stramenopiles; PX clade; Phaeophyceae; Laminariales; Chordaceae; Chorda }}'}, ['Pabstia']={rank='genus', parent='Zygopetalinae', link='Pabstia', refs='{{cite journal|last1=Chase|first1=Mark W.|last2=Cameron|first2=Kenneth M.|last3=Freudenstein|first3=John V.|last4=Pridgeon|first4=Alec M.|last5=Salazar|first5=Gerardo|last6=van den Berg|first6=Cássio|last7=Schuiteman|first7=André|title=An updated classification of Orchidaceae|journal=Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society|volume=177|issue=2|year=2015|pages=151–174|issn=00244074|doi=10.1111/boj.12234}}'}, ['Pabstiella']={rank='genus', parent='Pleurothallidinae', link='Pabstiella', refs='{{cite journal|last1=Chase|first1=Mark W.|last2=Cameron|first2=Kenneth M.|last3=Freudenstein|first3=John V.|last4=Pridgeon|first4=Alec M.|last5=Salazar|first5=Gerardo|last6=van den Berg|first6=Cássio|last7=Schuiteman|first7=André|title=An updated classification of Orchidaceae|journal=Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society|volume=177|issue=2|year=2015|pages=151–174|issn=00244074|doi=10.1111/boj.12234}}'}, ['Pabwehshi']={rank='genus', parent='Baurusuchinae', link='Pabwehshi', extinct=true}, ['Pacarina']={rank='genus', parent='Cicadinae', link='Pacarina (bug)|Pacarina', refs='https://www.itis.gov/servlet/SingleRpt/SingleRpt?search_topic=TSN&search_value=846686'}, ['Paccius']={rank='genus', parent='Trachelidae', link='Paccius'}, ['Paceyodon']={rank='genus', parent='Morganucodonta', link='Paceyodon', extinct=true}, ['Pachastrellidae']={rank='familia', parent='Astrophorina', link='Pachastrellidae'}, ['Pachira']={rank='genus', parent='Bombacoideae', link='Pachira'}, ['Pachista']={rank='genus', parent='Pseudoterpnini', link='Pachista'}, ['Pachistopelma']={rank='genus', parent='Theraphosidae', link='Pachistopelma', refs='{{citation |title=Gen. \'\'Pachistopelma\'\' Pocock, 1901 |work=World Spider Catalog |publisher=Natural History Museum Bern |url=http://www.wsc.nmbe.ch/genus/3403 }}'}, ['Pachites']={rank='genus', parent='Disinae', link='Pachites', refs='{{cite journal|last1=Chase|first1=Mark W.|last2=Cameron|first2=Kenneth M.|last3=Freudenstein|first3=John V.|last4=Pridgeon|first4=Alec M.|last5=Salazar|first5=Gerardo|last6=van den Berg|first6=Cássio|last7=Schuiteman|first7=André|title=An updated classification of Orchidaceae|journal=Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society|volume=177|issue=2|year=2015|pages=151–174|issn=00244074|doi=10.1111/boj.12234}}'}, ['Pachliopta']={rank='genus', parent='Troidini', link='Pachliopta'}, ['Pachnaeus']={rank='genus', parent='Curculionidae', link='Pachnaeus', refs='https://www.itis.gov/servlet/SingleRpt/SingleRpt?search_topic=TSN&search_value=616963'}, ['Pachnephoptrus']={rank='genus', parent='Bromiini', link='Pachnephoptrus', refs='{{cite book|last1=Moseyko|first1=A. G.|last2=Sprecher-Uebersax|first2=E.|year=2010|chapter=New nomenclatural and taxonomic acts, and comments. Chrysomelidae: Eumolpinae|chapter-url=https://books.google.co.uk/books?id=qt8zDwAAQBAJ&pg=PA80|editor-last1=Löbl|editor-first1=I.|editor-last2=Smetana|editor-first2=A.|title=Catalogue of Palaearctic Coleoptera. Volume 6. Chrysomeloidea|location=Stenstrup, Denmark|publisher=Apollo Books|pages=80–83|isbn=978-87-88757-84-2}}'}, ['Pachnephorus']={rank='genus', parent='Bromiini', link='Pachnephorus', refs='{{cite book|last1=Moseyko|first1=A. G.|last2=Sprecher-Uebersax|first2=E.|year=2010|chapter=Eumolpinae|chapter-url=https://books.google.co.uk/books?id=qt8zDwAAQBAJ&pg=PA620|editor-last1=Löbl|editor-first1=I.|editor-last2=Smetana|editor-first2=A.|title=Catalogue of Palaearctic Coleoptera. Volume 6. Chrysomeloidea|location=Stenstrup, Denmark|publisher=Apollo Books|pages=619–643|isbn=978-87-88757-84-2}}'}, ['Pachnephorus (Pachnephorus)']={rank='subgenus', parent='Pachnephorus', link='Pachnephorus (Pachnephorus)'}, ['Pachnessa']={rank='genus', parent='Melolonthidae', link='Pachnessa'}, ['Pachnida']={rank='genus', parent='Staphylinidae', link='Pachnida'}, ['Pachnoda']={rank='genus', parent='Cetoniinae', link='Pachnoda'}, ['Pachnodus']={rank='genus', parent='Cerastidae', link='Pachnodus'}, ['Pachodynerus']={rank='genus', parent='Eumeninae', link='Pachodynerus'}, ['Pachomius']={rank='genus', parent='Salticinae', link='Pachomius_(spider)|Pachomius', refs='{{citation |last1=Maddison |first1=Wayne P. |title=A phylogenetic classification of jumping spiders (Araneae: Salticidae) |journal=Journal of Arachnology |date=2015 |volume=43 |issue=3 |pages=231–292 |doi=10.1636/arac-43-03-231-292}}'}, ['Pachyacanthus']={rank='genus', parent='Platanistidae', link='Pachyacanthus', extinct=true}, ['Pachyacris']={rank='genus', parent='Cyrtacanthacridinae', link='Pachyacris', refs='Uvarov, 1923'}, ['Pachyaena']={rank='genus', parent='Mesonychidae', link='Pachyaena', extinct=true}, ['Pachyanthidium']={rank='genus', parent='Megachilidae', link='Pachyanthidium'}, ['Pachyanthus']={rank='genus', parent='Melastomataceae', link='Pachyanthus'}, ['Pachyarmatheriidae']={rank='familia', parent='Cingulata', link='Pachyarmatherium|Pachyarmatheriidae', extinct=true}, ['Pachyarmatherium']={rank='genus', parent='Pachyarmatheriidae', link='Pachyarmatherium', extinct=true}, ['Pachyatheta']={rank='genus', parent='Staphylinidae', link='Pachyatheta'}, ['Pachyballus']={rank='genus', parent='Salticinae', link='Pachyballus', refs='{{citation |last1=Maddison |first1=Wayne P. |title=A phylogenetic classification of jumping spiders (Araneae: Salticidae) |journal=Journal of Arachnology |date=2015 |volume=43 |issue=3 |pages=231–292 |doi=10.1636/arac-43-03-231-292}}'}, ['Pachybaris']={rank='genus', parent='Apostasimerini', link='Pachybaris', refs='https://www.itis.gov/servlet/SingleRpt/SingleRpt?search_topic=TSN&search_value=616964'}, ['Pachybathron']={rank='genus', parent='Cystiscinae', link='Pachybathron'}, ['Pachybrachis']={rank='genus', parent='Cryptocephalini', link='Pachybrachis', refs='https://www.itis.gov/servlet/SingleRpt/SingleRpt?search_topic=TSN&search_value=719766'}, ['Pachybrachius']={rank='genus', parent='Myodochini', link='Pachybrachius', refs='https://www.itis.gov/servlet/SingleRpt/SingleRpt?search_topic=TSN&search_value=108090'}, ['Pachycalamus']={rank='genus', parent='Trogonophidae', link='Short worm lizard|Pachycalamus'}, ['Pachycara']={rank='genus', parent='Lycodinae', link='Pachycara'}, ['Pachycare']={rank='genus', parent='Acanthizidae', link='Goldenface|Pachycare'}, ['Pachycarpus']={rank='genus', parent='Asclepiadeae', link='Pachycarpus', refs='{{cite journal|last1=Endress|first1=Mary E.|last2=Liede-Schumann|first2=Sigrid|last3=Meve|first3=Ulrich|title=An updated classification for Apocynaceae|journal=Phytotaxa|volume=159|issue=3|year=2014|pages=175-194|issn=1179-3163|url=https://www.researchgate.net/publication/265728505|doi=10.11646/phytotaxa.159.3.2}}'}, ['Pachycaulos']={rank='genus', parent='Gesnerioideae', link='Pachycaulos', refs='{{Citation |last1=Weber |first1=A. |last2=Middleton |first2=D.J. |last3=Clark |first3=J.L. |last4=Möller |first4=M. |date=2020 |title=Keys to the infrafamilial taxa and genera of Gesneriaceae |journal=Rheedea |volume=30 |issue=1 |pages=5–47 |doi=10.22244/rheedea.2020.30.01.02 |name-list-style=amp }}'}, ['Pachycentrata']={rank='genus', parent='Pipinae', link='Pachycentrata', extinct=true}, ['Pachycentria']={rank='genus', parent='Melastomataceae', link='Pachycentria'}, ['Pachycephala']={rank='genus', parent='Pachycephalinae', link='Pachycephala'}, ['Pachycephalidae']={rank='familia', parent='Orioloidea', link='Pachycephalidae'}, ['Pachycephalinae']={rank='subfamilia', parent='Pachycephalidae', link='Pachycephalinae'}, ['Pachycephalopsis']={rank='genus', parent='Petroicidae', link='Pachycephalopsis'}, ['Pachycephalosauria']={rank='subordo', parent='Marginocephalia', link='Pachycephalosauria', extinct=true}, ['Pachycephalosauridae']={rank='familia', parent='Pachycephalosauria', link='Pachycephalosauridae', extinct=true}, ['Pachycephalosaurinae']={rank='subfamilia', parent='Pachycephalosauridae', link='Pachycephalosaurinae', extinct=true}, ['Pachycephalosaurini']={rank='tribus', parent='Pachycephalosaurinae', link='Pachycephalosaurini', extinct=true}, ['Pachycephalosaurus']={rank='genus', parent='Pachycephalosaurini', link='Pachycephalosaurus', extinct=true}, ['Pachyceramyia']={rank='genus', parent='Coenosiini', link='Pachyceramyia', refs='https://www.itis.gov/servlet/SingleRpt/SingleRpt?search_topic=TSN&search_value=151276'}, ['Pachyceratidae']={rank='familia', parent='Perisphinctoidea', link='Pachyceratidae', extinct=true}, ['Pachycereeae']={same_as='Echinocereeae'}, ['Pachycereus']={rank='genus', parent='Echinocereeae', link='Pachycereus', refs='{{Citation |last1=Barcenas |first1=Rolando T. |last2=Yesson |first2=Chris |last3=Hawkins |first3=Julie A. |date=2011 |title=Molecular systematics of the Cactaceae |journal=Cladistics |volume=27 |pages=470–489 |doi=10.1111/j.1096-0031.2011.00350.x |name-list-style=amp }}'}, ['Pachycerianthus']={rank='genus', parent='Cerianthidae', link='Pachycerianthus'}, ['Pachycerina']={rank='genus', parent='Lauxaniidae', link='Pachycerina'}, ['Pachycheilosuchus']={rank='genus', parent='Hylaeochampsidae', link='Pachycheilosuchus', extinct=true}, ['Pachycheles']={rank='genus', parent='Porcellanidae', link='Pachycheles', refs='https://www.itis.gov/servlet/SingleRpt/SingleRpt?search_topic=TSN&search_value=98071'}, ['Pachychilidae']={rank='familia', parent='Cerithioidea', link='Pachychilidae'}, ['Pachychilon']={rank='genus', parent='Leuciscinae', link='Pachychilon'}, ['Pachychilus']={rank='genus', parent='Pachychilidae', link='Pachychilus'}, ['Pachycladella']={rank='genus', parent='Oocystaceae', link='Pachycladella'}, ['Pachyclymenia']={rank='genus', parent='Pachyclymeniidae', link='Pachyclymenia', extinct=true}, ['Pachyclymeniidae']={rank='familia', parent='Biloclymeniaceae', link='Pachyclymeniidae', extinct=true}, ['Pachycoccyx']={rank='genus', parent='Cuculidae', link='Thick-billed cuckoo|Pachycoccyx'}, ['Pachycoelius']={rank='genus', parent='Zethinae', link='Pachycoelius'}, ['Pachycondyla']={rank='genus', parent='Ponerini', link='Pachycondyla', refs='{{cite journal |last=Schmidt |first=C. A. |last2=Shattuck |first2=S. O. |date=18 Jun 2014 |title=The Higher Classification of the Ant Subfamily Ponerinae (Hymenoptera: Formicidae), with a Review of Ponerine Ecology and Behavior |journal=[[Zootaxa]] |volume=3817 |issue=1 |pages=1–242 |doi=10.11646/zootaxa.3817.1.1 |pmid=24943802 }}'}, ['Pachycordyle']={rank='genus', parent='Bougainvilliidae', link='Pachycordyle'}, ['Pachycorinae']={rank='subfamilia', parent='Scutelleridae', link='Pachycorinae', refs='https://www.itis.gov/servlet/SingleRpt/SingleRpt?search_topic=TSN&search_value=721737'}, ['Pachycorioolithidae']={rank='oofamilia', parent='Veterovata', link='Pachycorioolithus|Pachycorioolithidae', extinct=true}, ['Pachycorioolithus']={rank='oogenus', parent='Pachycorioolithidae', link='Pachycorioolithus', extinct=true}, ['Pachycormidae']={rank='familia', parent='Pachycormiformes', link='Pachycormidae', extinct=true}, ['Pachycormiformes']={rank='ordo', parent='Aspidorhynchei', link='Pachycormiformes', refs='[[Pachycormiformes]], [https://sites.google.com/site/fotw5th/ Fishes of the World, 5th edition)], Richard Van der Laan\'s [https://www.researchgate.net/publication/317888989_Family-group_names_of_fossil_fishes Family-group names of fossil fishes]', extinct=true}, ['Pachycormus']={rank='genus', parent='Pachycormidae', link='Pachycormus (fish)|Pachycormus', extinct=true}, ['Pachycormus (plant)']={rank='genus', parent='Anacardioideae', link='Pachycormus discolor|Pachycormus'}, ['Pachycostasaurus']={rank='genus', parent='Pliosauridae', link='Pachycostasaurus', extinct=true}, ['Pachycrocuta']={rank='genus', parent='Hyaenidae', link='Pachycrocuta', refs='{{BioRef|fossilworks|id=41030|title=Pachycrocuta Kretzoi 1938 (brown hyaena) |access-date=29 June 2019}}', extinct=true}, ['Pachycypha']={rank='genus', parent='Chlorocyphidae', link='Pachycypha', refs='https://www.gbif.org/species/1427003'}, ['Pachydactylus']={rank='genus', parent='Uroplatinae', link='Pachydactylus'}, ['Pachydectes']={rank='genus', parent='Burnetiidae', link='Pachydectes', extinct=true}, ['Pachydelphus']={rank='genus', parent='Linyphiidae', link='Pachydelphus'}, ['Pachydemini']={rank='tribus', parent='Melolonthinae', link='Pachydemini', refs='https://www.itis.gov/servlet/SingleRpt/SingleRpt?search_topic=TSN&search_value=926274'}, ['Pachydesmini']={rank='tribus', parent='Xystodesmidae', link='Pachydesmini', refs='https://www.itis.gov/servlet/SingleRpt/SingleRpt?search_topic=TSN&search_value=569089'}, ['Pachydesmus']={rank='genus', parent='Pachydesmini', link='Pachydesmus', refs='https://www.itis.gov/servlet/SingleRpt/SingleRpt?search_topic=TSN&search_value=569377'}, ['Pachydictyum']={rank='genus', parent='Malawispongiidae', link='Pachydictyum'}, ['Pachydiplax']={rank='genus', parent='Sympetrinae', link='Blue dasher|Pachydiplax'}, ['Pachydiscidae']={rank='familia', parent='Desmoceratoidea', link='Pachydiscidae', extinct=true}, ['Pachydiscus']={rank='genus', parent='Pachydiscidae', link='Pachydiscus', extinct=true}, ['Pachydota']={rank='genus', parent='Phaegopterina', link='Pachydota'}, ['Pachydrus']={rank='genus', parent='Hyphydrini', link='Pachydrus', refs='https://www.itis.gov/servlet/SingleRpt/SingleRpt?search_topic=TSN&search_value=112081'}, ['Pachydyptes']={rank='genus', parent='Palaeeudyptinae', link='Pachydyptes', extinct=true}, ['Pachyerannis']={rank='genus', parent='Bistonini', link='Pachyerannis'}, ['Pachygaster']={rank='genus', parent='Pachygastrinae', link='Pachygaster', refs='https://www.itis.gov/servlet/SingleRpt/SingleRpt?search_topic=TSN&search_value=130217'}, ['Pachygastrinae']={rank='subfamilia', parent='Stratiomyidae', link='Pachygastrinae', refs='https://www.itis.gov/servlet/SingleRpt/SingleRpt?search_topic=TSN&search_value=130185'}, ['Pachygenelus']={rank='genus', parent='Tritheledontidae', link='Pachygenelus', extinct=true}, ['Pachygenys']={rank='genus', parent='Scincomorpha', link='Pachygenys', extinct=true}, ['Pachygnatha']={rank='genus', parent='Tetragnathidae', link='Pachygnatha', refs='http://www.catalogueoflife.org/col/browse/tree/id/51d7ed08bc663ec39393ffa47500fe37'}, ['Pachygone']={rank='genus', parent='Menispermaceae', link='Pachygone'}, ['Pachygonidia']={rank='genus', parent='Dilophonotina', link='Pachygonidia'}, ['Pachygonosaurus']={rank='genus', parent='Ichthyosauria', link='Pachygonosaurus', extinct=true}, ['Pachygrapsus']={rank='genus', parent='Grapsinae', link='Pachygrapsus'}, ['Pachygrontha']={rank='genus', parent='Pachygronthinae', link='Pachygrontha', refs='http://Lygaeoidea.speciesfile.org/Common/basic/Taxa.aspx?TaxonNameID=1212097'}, ['Pachygronthidae']={rank='familia', parent='Lygaeoidea', link='Pachygronthidae', refs='https://www.itis.gov/servlet/SingleRpt/SingleRpt?search_topic=TSN&search_value=676867'}, ['Pachygronthinae']={rank='subfamilia', parent='Pachygronthidae', link='Pachygronthinae', refs='http://Lygaeoidea.speciesfile.org/Common/basic/Taxa.aspx?TaxonNameID=1212096'}, ['Pachyhynobius']={rank='genus', parent='Hynobiinae', link='Pachyhynobius', refs='{{cite web |url=http://research.amnh.org/vz/herpetology/amphibia/Amphibia/Caudata/Hynobiidae/Hynobiinae/Pachyhynobius |title=Pachyhynobius |last=Frost |first=Darrel R. |date=2019 |website=Amphibian Species of the World: an Online Reference. Version 6.0 |publisher=American Museum of Natural History, New York, USA |access-date=10 October 2019}}'}, ['Pachykellya']={rank='genus', parent='Neoleptonidae', link='Pachykellya'}, ['Pachylaelapidae']={rank='familia', parent='Mesostigmata', link='Pachylaelapidae', refs='https://www.gbif.org/species/4336747'}, ['Pachylaelaps']={rank='genus', parent='Pachylaelapidae', link='Pachylaelaps', refs='https://www.gbif.org/species/4336748'}, ['Pachylaella']={rank='genus', parent='Pachylaelapidae', link='Pachylaella', refs='https://www.gbif.org/species/4574710'}, ['Pachylasma']={rank='genus', parent='Pachylasmatinae', link='Pachylasma', refs='https://academic.oup.com/zoolinnean/advance-article/doi/10.1093/zoolinnean/zlaa160/6149353'}, ['Pachylasmatidae']={rank='familia', parent='Chthamaloidea', link='Pachylasmatidae', refs='https://www.marinespecies.org/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=106063'}, ['Pachylasmatinae']={rank='subfamilia', parent='Pachylasmatidae', link='Pachylasmatinae', refs='https://academic.oup.com/zoolinnean/advance-article/doi/10.1093/zoolinnean/zlaa160/6149353'}, ['Pachylemur']={rank='genus', parent='Lemuridae', link='Pachylemur', extinct=true}, ['Pachylia']={rank='genus', parent='Dilophonotina', link='Pachylia'}, ['Pachylinae']={rank='subfamilia', parent='Gonyleptidae', link='Pachylinae'}, ['Pachylioides']={rank='genus', parent='Dilophonotina', link='Pachylioides'}, ['Pachylis']={rank='genus', parent='Nematopodini', link='Pachylis', refs='http://Coreoidea.speciesfile.org/Common/basic/Taxa.aspx?TaxonNameID=1190908'}, ['Pachylobius']={rank='genus', parent='Hylobiini', link='Pachylobius', refs='https://www.itis.gov/servlet/SingleRpt/SingleRpt?search_topic=TSN&search_value=616966'}, ['Pachylobus']={rank='genus', parent='Burseraceae', link='Pachylobus'}, ['Pachylocerus']={rank='genus', parent='Pyrestini', link='Pachylocerus'}, ['Pachylomera']={rank='genus', parent='Scarabaeini', link='Pachylomera', refs='Kirby, 1828'}, ['Pachymantis']={rank='genus', parent='Oxypilini', link='Pachymantis'}, ['Pachymasiphis']={rank='genus', parent='Ologamasidae', link='Pachymasiphis', refs='https://www.gbif.org/species/2185424'}, ['Pachymatisma']={rank='genus', parent='Erylinae', link='Pachymatisma'}, ['Pachymenes']={rank='genus', parent='Eumeninae', link='Pachymenes'}, ['Pachymenia']={rank='genus', parent='Amphimeniidae', link='Pachymenia'}, ['Pachymerini']={rank='tribus', parent='Bruchinae', link='Pachymerini', refs='http://eol.org/pages/12050501/overview'}, ['Pachyminixi']={rank='genus', parent='Eumeninae', link='Pachyminixi'}, ['Pachymitus']={rank='genus', parent='Brassicaceae', link='Pachymitus'}, ['Pachymorpha']={rank='genus', parent='Pachymorphini', link='Pachymorpha'}, ['Pachymorphinae']={rank='subfamilia', parent='Diapheromeridae', link='Pachymorphinae', refs='Brunner von Wattenwyl, 1893'}, ['Pachymorphini']={rank='tribus', parent='Pachymorphinae', link='Pachymorphini', refs='http://phasmida.speciesfile.org/Common/basic/Taxa.aspx?TaxonNameID=1203788'}, ['Pachymyia']={rank='genus', parent='Tachinidae', link='Pachymyia', refs='https://www.gbif.org/species/1470271'}, ['Pachymylus']={rank='genus', parent='Callorhynchidae', link='Pachymylus', extinct=true}, ['Pachynematus']={rank='genus', parent='Nematini', link='Pachynematus', refs='https://www.itis.gov/servlet/SingleRpt/SingleRpt?search_topic=TSN&search_value=152826'}, ['Pachynemertes']={rank='genus', parent='Pachynemertidae', link='Pachynemertes'}, ['Pachynemertidae']={rank='familia', parent='Polystilifera', link='Pachynemertidae'}, ['Pachyneuridae']={rank='familia', parent='Bibionomorpha', link='Pachyneuridae'}, ['Pachyneurum']={rank='genus', parent='Brassicaceae', link='Pachyneurum'}, ['Pachynoa']={rank='genus', parent='Margaroniini', link='Pachynoa'}, ['Pachynocera']={rank='genus', parent='Tachinidae', link='Pachynocera', refs='https://www.gbif.org/species/1474689'}, ['Pachyodes']={rank='genus', parent='Pseudoterpnini', link='Pachyodes'}, ['Pachyonomastus']={rank='genus', parent='Salticinae', link='Pachyonomastus', refs='{{citation |last1=Maddison |first1=Wayne P. |title=A phylogenetic classification of jumping spiders (Araneae: Salticidae) |journal=Journal of Arachnology |date=2015 |volume=43 |issue=3 |pages=231–292 |doi=10.1636/arac-43-03-231-292}}'}, ['Pachyonychis']={rank='genus', parent='Alticini', link='Pachyonychis', refs='https://www.itis.gov/servlet/SingleRpt/SingleRpt?search_topic=TSN&search_value=719731'}, ['Pachyonychus']={rank='genus', parent='Alticini', link='Pachyonychus', refs='https://www.itis.gov/servlet/SingleRpt/SingleRpt?search_topic=TSN&search_value=719733'}, ['Pachyophis']={rank='genus', parent='Simoliophiidae', link='Pachyophis', extinct=true}, ['Pachyornis']={rank='genus', parent='Emeidae', link='Pachyornis', extinct=true}, ['Pachyosteomorphi']={rank='clade', parent='Eubrachythoraci', link='Pachyosteomorphi', extinct=true}, ['Pachypanchax']={rank='genus', parent='Aplocheilidae', link='Pachypanchax', refs='{{cite book |title=Fishes of the World |edition=5th |author1=J. S. Nelson |author2=T. C. Grande |author3=M. V. H. Wilson |year=2016 |pages=371 |publisher=Wiley |ISBN= 978-1-118-34233-6 |url=https://sites.google.com/site/fotw5th/ }}'}, ['Pachypappa']={rank='genus', parent='Aphididae', link='Pachypappa'}, ['Pachypeltis']={rank='genus', parent='Teloschistaceae', link='Pachypeltis', refs='https://www.catalogueoflife.org/data/taxon/6BXL'}, ['Pachyphoca']={rank='genus', parent='Cystophorini', link='Pachyphoca', refs='{{BioRef|fossilworks|title=\'\'Pachyphoca\'\' Koretsky and Rahmat 2013 (seal) |id=284863 |access-date=29 June 2019}}', extinct=true}, ['Pachyphragma']={rank='genus', parent='Brassicaceae', link='Pachyphragma'}, ['Pachyphytum']={rank='genus', parent='Sedeae', link='Pachyphytum', refs='{{cite book|last1=Thiede |first1=Joachim |last2=Eggli |first2=Urs |editor-last1=Kubitzki |editor-first1=Klaus |editor-last2=Bayer |editor-first2=C. |editor-last3=Stevens |editor-first3=P.F. |editor-link=Klaus Kubitzki |series=The Families and Genera of Vascular Plants |volume = IX |title=Flowering Plants: Eudicots: Berberidopsidales, Buxales, Crossosomatales, Fabales p.p., Geraniales, Gunnerales, Myrtales p.p., Proteales, Saxifragales, Vitales, Zygophyllales, Clusiaceae Alliance, Passifloraceae Alliance, Dilleniaceae, Huaceae, Picramniaceae, Sabiaceae |year=2007 |chapter=Crassulaceae|pages=83–119|chapter-url=https://www.researchgate.net/publication/227205999_Crassulaceae |doi=10.1007/978-3-540-32219-1_12 |isbn=978-3-540-32219-1}}'}, ['Pachyplectrinae']={rank='subfamilia', parent='Hybosoridae', link='Pachyplectrinae', refs='https://www.itis.gov/servlet/SingleRpt/SingleRpt?search_topic=TSN&search_value=929634'}, ['Pachyplectron']={rank='genus', parent='Goodyerinae', link='Pachyplectron', refs='{{cite journal|last1=Chase|first1=Mark W.|last2=Cameron|first2=Kenneth M.|last3=Freudenstein|first3=John V.|last4=Pridgeon|first4=Alec M.|last5=Salazar|first5=Gerardo|last6=van den Berg|first6=Cássio|last7=Schuiteman|first7=André|title=An updated classification of Orchidaceae|journal=Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society|volume=177|issue=2|year=2015|pages=151–174|issn=00244074|doi=10.1111/boj.12234}}'}, ['Pachyplectrus']={rank='genus', parent='Pachyplectrinae', link='Pachyplectrus', refs='https://www.itis.gov/servlet/SingleRpt/SingleRpt?search_topic=TSN&search_value=929743'}, ['Pachypleurosauria']={rank='subordo', parent='Nothosauroidea', link='Pachypleurosaur|Pachypleurosauria', extinct=true}, ['Pachypleurosauridae']={rank='familia', parent='Pachypleurosauria', link='Pachypleurosaur|Pachypleurosauridae', extinct=true}, ['Pachypleurum']={rank='genus', parent='Apiaceae', link='Pachypleurum'}, ['Pachyplichas']={rank='genus', parent='Acanthisittidae', link='Pachyplichas', extinct=true}, ['Pachypodistes']={rank='genus', parent='Chrysauginae', link='Pachypodistes'}, ['Pachypodium']={rank='genus', parent='Malouetieae', link='Pachypodium', refs='{{cite journal|last1=Endress|first1=Mary E.|last2=Liede-Schumann|first2=Sigrid|last3=Meve|first3=Ulrich|title=An updated classification for Apocynaceae|journal=Phytotaxa|volume=159|issue=3|year=2014|pages=175-194|issn=1179-3163|url=https://www.researchgate.net/publication/265728505|doi=10.11646/phytotaxa.159.3.2}}'}, ['Pachypoessa']={rank='genus', parent='Salticinae', link='Pachypoessa', refs='{{citation |last1=Maddison |first1=Wayne P. |title=A phylogenetic classification of jumping spiders (Araneae: Salticidae) |journal=Journal of Arachnology |date=2015 |volume=43 |issue=3 |pages=231–292 |doi=10.1636/arac-43-03-231-292}}'}, ['Pachyporidae']={rank='familia', parent='Tabulata', link='Pachyporidae', extinct=true}, ['Pachyprotasis']={rank='genus', parent='Macrophyini', link='Pachyprotasis', refs='https://www.gbif.org/species/4406964'}, ['Pachypsolidae']={rank='familia', parent='Plagiorchiida', link='Pachypsolidae'}, ['Pachypsylla']={rank='genus', parent='Pachypsyllinae', link='Pachypsylla', refs='http://www.catalogueoflife.org/col/browse/tree/id/5ea626603414b46329f73e4831869605'}, ['Pachypsyllinae']={rank='subfamilia', parent='Aphalaridae', link='Pachypsyllinae', refs='http://eol.org/pages/39386430/overview'}, ['Pachyptera']={rank='genus', parent='Bignoniaceae', link='Pachyptera'}, ['Pachyptila']={rank='genus', parent='Procellariidae', link='Pachyptila'}, ['Pachyramphus']={rank='genus', parent='Tityridae', link='Becard|Pachyramphus'}, ['Pachyrhachis']={rank='genus', parent='Simoliophiidae', link='Pachyrhachis', extinct=true}, ['Pachyrhamma']={rank='genus', parent='Macropathinae', link='Pachyrhamma', refs='Cook L.D., Trewick S.A., Morgan-Richards M., Johns P.M. (2010) Status of the New Zealand cave weta (Rhaphidophoridae) genera Pachyrhamma, Gymnoplectron and Turbottoplectron. Invertebrate Systematics 24, 131–138.'}, ['Pachyrhinosaurini']={rank='tribus', parent='Eucentrosaura', link='Pachyrhinosaurini', extinct=true}, ['Pachyrhinosaurus']={rank='genus', parent='Pachyrostra', link='Pachyrhinosaurus', extinct=true}, ['Pachyrhinus']={rank='genus', parent='Polydrusini', link='Pachyrhinus', refs='https://www.itis.gov/servlet/SingleRpt/SingleRpt?search_topic=TSN&search_value=616967'}, ['Pachyrhizodontidae']={rank='familia', parent='Pachyrhizodontoidei', link='Pachyrhizodontidae', extinct=true}, ['Pachyrhizodontoidei']={rank='subordo', parent='Crossognathiformes', link='Pachyrhizodontoidei', extinct=true}, ['Pachyrhizodus']={rank='genus', parent='Pachyrhizodontidae', link='Pachyrhizodus', extinct=true}, ['Pachyrostra']={rank='clade', parent='Pachyrhinosaurini', link='Pachyrostra', extinct=true, always_display=true}, ['Pachyrukhinae']={rank='subfamilia', parent='Hegetotheriidae', link='Pachyrukhinae', extinct=true}, ['Pachyrukhos']={rank='genus', parent='Pachyrukhinae', link='Pachyrukhos', extinct=true}, ['Pachysandra']={rank='genus', parent='Buxaceae', link='Pachysandra'}, ['Pachyschelus']={rank='genus', parent='Agrilinae', link='Pachyschelus', refs='https://www.itis.gov/servlet/SingleRpt/SingleRpt?search_topic=TSN&search_value=808734'}, ['Pachyschesidae']={rank='familia', parent='Amphipoda', link='Pachyschesis|Pachyschesidae'}, ['Pachyschesis']={rank='genus', parent='Pachyschesidae', link='Pachyschesis'}, ['Pachyschistochila']={rank='genus', parent='Schistochilaceae', link='Pachyschistochila'}, ['Pachyseiulus']={rank='genus', parent='Pachylaelapidae', link='Pachyseiulus', refs='https://www.gbif.org/species/4571772'}, ['Pachyseius']={rank='genus', parent='Pachylaelapidae', link='Pachyseius', refs='https://www.gbif.org/species/4406934'}, ['Pachysentis']={rank='genus', parent='Oligacanthorhynchidae', link='Pachysentis'}, ['Pachyseris']={rank='genus', parent='Agariciidae', link='Pachyseris'}, ['Pachysphinx']={rank='genus', parent='Smerinthini', link='Pachysphinx'}, ['Pachystachys']={rank='genus', parent='Justicieae', link='Pachystachys'}, ['Pachystigma']={rank='genus', parent='Vanguerieae', link='Pachystigma'}, ['Pachystoma']={rank='genus', parent='Collabieae', link='Pachystoma', refs='{{cite journal|last1=Chase|first1=Mark W.|last2=Cameron|first2=Kenneth M.|last3=Freudenstein|first3=John V.|last4=Pridgeon|first4=Alec M.|last5=Salazar|first5=Gerardo|last6=van den Berg|first6=Cássio|last7=Schuiteman|first7=André|title=An updated classification of Orchidaceae|journal=Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society|volume=177|issue=2|year=2015|pages=151–174|issn=00244074|doi=10.1111/boj.12234}}'}, ['Pachystomias']={rank='genus', parent='Melanostomiinae', link='Pachystomias'}, ['Pachystrobilus']={rank='genus', parent='Ruellieae', link='Pachystrobilus'}, ['Pachystroma']={rank='genus', parent='Pachystromateae', link='Pachystroma'}, ['Pachystromateae']={rank='tribus', parent='Euphorbioideae', link='Pachystroma|Pachystromateae'}, ['Pachystropheus']={rank='genus', parent='Choristodera/?', link='Pachystropheus', extinct=true}, ['Pachystruthio']={rank='genus', parent='Struthionidae', link='Pachystruthio', extinct=true}, ['Pachystylidium']={rank='genus', parent='Tragiinae', link='Pachystylidium'}, ['Pachystylum']={rank='genus', parent='Tachinidae', link='Pachystylum', refs='https://www.gbif.org/species/1477433'}, ['Pachysuchus']={rank='genus', parent='Sauropodomorpha', link='Pachysuchus', extinct=true}, ['Pachysylvia']={rank='genus', parent='Vireonidae', link='Pachysylvia'}, ['Pachytegmentaria']={rank='superordo', parent='Solenogastres', link='Pachytegmentaria', refs='*[http://www.traduccionesemmett.cl/IANtrabajos/Species%20%20Diagnosis-2007.pdf Species and diagnosis of the Families and Genera of Solenogastres (Mollusca)]'}, ['Pachytegos']={rank='genus', parent='Endothiodontidae', link='Pachytegos', extinct=true}, ['Pachyteles']={rank='genus', parent='Ozaenina', link='Pachyteles', refs='https://www.itis.gov/servlet/SingleRpt/SingleRpt?search_topic=TSN&search_value=109360'}, ['Pachythelia']={rank='genus', parent='Acanthopsychini', link='Pachythelia'}, ['Pachytriton']={rank='genus', parent='Pleurodelinae', link='Pachytriton', refs='{{cite web |url=http://research.amnh.org/vz/herpetology/amphibia/Amphibia/Caudata/Salamandridae/Pleurodelinae/Pachytriton |title=\'\'Pachytriton\'\' Boulenger, 1878 |author=Frost, Darrel R. |year=2017 |work=Amphibian Species of the World: an Online Reference. Version 6.0 |publisher=American Museum of Natural History |access-date=29 July 2017}}'}, ['Pachytroctidae']={rank='familia', parent='Troctomorpha', link='Pachytroctidae', refs='https://www.itis.gov/servlet/SingleRpt/SingleRpt?search_topic=TSN&search_value=103326'}, ['Pachytullbergiidae']={rank='familia', parent='Onychiuroidea', link='Pachytullbergiidae', refs='http://www.collembola.org/taxa/collembo.htm'}, ['Pachytychius']={rank='genus', parent='Storeini', link='Pachytychius', refs='https://www.itis.gov/servlet/SingleRpt/SingleRpt?search_topic=TSN&search_value=616968'}, ['Pachyuromys']={rank='genus', parent='Desmodilliscini', link='Fat-tailed gerbil|Pachyuromys'}, ['Pacifantistea']={rank='genus', parent='Hahniidae', link='Pacifantistea'}, ['Pacifastacus']={rank='genus', parent='Astacidae', link='Pacifastacus'}, ['Pacificana']={rank='genus', parent='Miturgidae', link='Pacificana'}, ['Pacificanthia']={rank='genus', parent='Cantharini', link='Pacificanthia', refs='https://www.itis.gov/servlet/SingleRpt/SingleRpt?search_topic=TSN&search_value=834319'}, ['Pacifichelys']={rank='genus', parent='Cheloniidae', link='Pacifichelys', refs='{{Cite journal|author=James F. Parham|author2=Nicholas D. Pyenson|year=2010|title=New Sea Turtle from the Miocene of Peru and the Iterative Evolution of Feeding Ecomorphologies since the Cretaceous|journal=Journal of Paleontology|volume=84|issue=2|pages=231–247|doi=10.1666/09-077R.1}}', extinct=true}, ['Pacificincolidae']={rank='familia', parent='Cheilostomatida', link='Pacificincolidae'}, ['Pacifigeron']={rank='genus', parent='Asteraceae', link='Pacifigeron'}, ['Pacifiphantes']={rank='genus', parent='Linyphiidae', link='Pacifiphantes'}, ['Paciocinebrina']={rank='genus', parent='Ocenebrinae', link='Paciocinebrina'}, ['Pacisporaceae']={rank='familia', parent='Diversisporales', link='Pacisporaceae'}, ['Packera']={rank='genus', parent='Senecioninae', link='Packera'}, ['Pacouria']={rank='genus', parent='Apocynaceae', link='Pacouria'}, ['Pactactes']={rank='genus', parent='Thomisidae', link='Pactactes'}, ['Pactopus']={rank='genus', parent='Throscidae', link='Pactopus', refs='https://www.itis.gov/servlet/SingleRpt/SingleRpt?search_topic=TSN&search_value=708242'}, ['Pactorrhinus']={rank='genus', parent='Naupactini', link='Pactorrhinus', refs='https://www.itis.gov/servlet/SingleRpt/SingleRpt?search_topic=TSN&search_value=616969'}, ['Paculla']={rank='genus', parent='Pacullidae', link='Paculla', refs='{{citation |title=Family: Pacullidae Simon, 1894 |work=World Spider Catalog |publisher=Natural History Museum Bern |url=http://www.wsc.nmbe.ch/family/121 |accessdate=2018-05-21 }}'}, ['Pacullidae']={rank='familia', parent='Araneomorphae', link='Pacullidae', refs='{{Citation |last1=Wheeler |first1=Ward C. |last2=Coddington |first2=Jonathan A. |last3=Crowley |first3=Louise M. |last4=Dimitrov |first4=Dimitar |last5=Goloboff |first5=Pablo A. |last6=Griswold |first6=Charles E. |last7=Hormiga |first7=Gustavo |last8=Prendini |first8=Lorenzo |last9=Ramírez |first9=Martín J. |last10=Sierwald |first10=Petra |last11=Almeida-Silva |first11=Lina |last12=Alvarez-Padilla |first12=Fernando |last13=Arnedo |first13=Miquel A. |last14=Benavides Silva |first14=Ligia R. |last15=Benjamin |first15=Suresh P. |last16=Bond |first16=Jason E. |last17=Grismado |first17=Cristian J. |last18=Hasan |first18=Emile |last19=Hedin |first19=Marshal |last20=Izquierdo |first20=Matías A. |last21=Labarque |first21=Facundo M. |last22=Ledford |first22=Joel |last23=Lopardo |first23=Lara |last24=Maddison |first24=Wayne P. |last25=Miller |first25=Jeremy A. |last26=Piacentini |first26=Luis N. |last27=Platnick |first27=Norman I. |last28=Polotow |first28=Daniele |last29=Silva-Dávila |first29=Diana |last30=Scharff |first30=Nikolaj |last31=Szűts |first31=Tamás |last32=Ubick |first32=Darrell |last33=Vink |first33=Cor J. |last34=Wood |first34=Hannah M. |last35=Zhang |first35=Junxia |date=2016 |title=The spider tree of life: phylogeny of Araneae based on target-gene analyses from an extensive taxon sampling |journal=Cladistics |doi=10.1111/cla.12182 |name-list-style=amp }}'}, ['Padaeus']={rank='genus', parent='Pentatomini', link='Padaeus', refs='https://www.itis.gov/servlet/SingleRpt/SingleRpt?search_topic=TSN&search_value=108939'}, ['Padda']={rank='genus', parent='Estrildidae', link='Padda'}, ['Padenia']={rank='genus', parent='Cisthenina', link='Padenia'}, ['Padenodes']={rank='genus', parent='Nudariina', link='Padenodes'}, ['Padilla']={rank='genus', parent='Salticinae', link='Padilla_(spider)|Padilla', refs='{{citation |last1=Maddison |first1=Wayne P. |title=A phylogenetic classification of jumping spiders (Araneae: Salticidae) |journal=Journal of Arachnology |date=2015 |volume=43 |issue=3 |pages=231–292 |doi=10.1636/arac-43-03-231-292}}'}, ['Padillasaurus']={rank='genus', parent='Titanosauriformes', link='Padillasaurus', extinct=true}, ['Padillothorax']={rank='genus', parent='Salticinae', link='Padillothorax', refs='{{Citation |last1=Maddison |first1=Wayne P. |title=A phylogenetic classification of jumping spiders (Araneae: Salticidae) |journal=Journal of Arachnology |date=2015 |volume=43 |issue=3 |pages=231–292 |doi=10.1636/arac-43-03-231-292}} – then synonymized with \'\'Stagetillus\'\''}, ['Padillothorus']={rank='genus', parent='Incertae sedis/Salticidae', link='Padillothorus', refs='{{Citation |last1=Prószyński |first1=J. |date=2018 |title=Review of genera \'\'Evarcha\'\' and \'\'Nigorella\'\', with comments on \'\'Emertonius\'\', \'\'Padilothorax \'\' [sic], \'\'Stagetillus\'\', and description of five new genera and two new species (Araneae: Salticidae) |journal=Ecologica Montenegrina |volume=16 |pages=130–179 }}'}, ['Padina']={rank='genus', parent='Dictyotaceae', link='Padina (alga)|Padina', refs='{{cite journal|last1=Silberfeld|first1=Thomas|last2=Rousseau|first2=Florence|last3=Reviers|first3=Bruno de|title=An Updated Classification of Brown Algae (Ochrophyta, Phaeophyceae)|journal=Cryptogamie, Algologie|volume=35|issue=2|year=2014|pages=117–156|issn=0181-1568|doi=10.7872/crya.v35.iss2.2014.117}}'}, ['Padogobius']={rank='genus', parent='Gobiidae', link='Padogobius', refs='{{FishBase genus|genus=Padogobius|month=June|year=2018}}'}, ['Pae']={rank='genus', parent='Crabronina', link='Pae (wasp)|Pae', refs='https://www.itis.gov/servlet/SingleRpt/SingleRpt?search_topic=TSN&search_value=768448'}, ['Paecilomyces']={rank='genus', parent='Trichocomaceae', link='Paecilomyces'}, ['Paectes']={rank='genus', parent='Euteliinae', link='Paectes', refs='https://www.itis.gov/servlet/SingleRpt/SingleRpt?search_topic=TSN&search_value=937388'}, ['Paedarium']={rank='genus', parent='Tachinidae', link='Paedarium', refs='https://www.gbif.org/species/1474912'}, ['Paedembiidae']={rank='familia', parent='Euembiodea', link='Paedembiidae', refs='http://Embioptera.speciesfile.org/Common/basic/Taxa.aspx?TaxonNameID=1171737'}, ['Paederieae']={rank='tribus', parent='Rubioideae', link='Paederieae'}, ['Paederina']={rank='subtribus', parent='Paederini', link='Paederina'}, ['Paederinae']={rank='subfamilia', parent='Staphylinidae', link='Paederinae', refs='https://www.itis.gov/servlet/SingleRpt/SingleRpt?search_topic=TSN&search_value=678484'}, ['Paederini']={rank='tribus', parent='Paederinae', link='Paederini', refs='http://eol.org/pages/3396366/overview'}, ['Paederota']={rank='genus', parent='Veroniceae', link='Paederota'}, ['Paederus']={rank='genus', parent='Paederina', link='Paederus'}, ['Paedoclione']={rank='genus', parent='Clionidae', link='Paedoclione doliiformis|Paedoclione'}, ['Paedocypris']={rank='genus', parent='Danioninae', link='Paedocypris'}, ['Paedogobius']={rank='genus', parent='Gobionellinae', link='Paedogobius kimurai|Paedogobius', refs='{{FishBase|Paedogobius|kimurai|month=June|year=2018}}'}, ['Paedophryne']={rank='genus', parent='Asterophryinae', link='Paedophryne'}, ['Paedovaricus']={rank='genus', parent='Gobiidae', link='Whiteband goby|Paedovaricus', refs='{{FishBase|Paedovaricus|imswe|month=June|year=2018}}'}, ['Paenanthracotherium']={rank='genus', parent='Anthracotheriidae', link='Paenanthracotherium', extinct=true}, ['Paenarthrobacter']={rank='genus', parent='Micrococcaceae', link='Paenarthrobacter'}, ['Paenemarmota']={rank='genus', parent='Marmotini', link='Paenemarmota', extinct=true}, ['Paenibacillaceae']={rank='familia', parent='Bacillales', link='Paenibacillaceae'}, ['Paenibacillus']={rank='genus', parent='Paenibacillaceae', link='Paenibacillus'}, ['Paenula']={rank='genus', parent='Sparassidae', link='Paenula paupercula|Paenula'}, ['Paenungulata']={rank='cladus', parent='Afrotheria', link='Paenungulata'}, ['Paenungulata/?']={same_as='Paenungulata'}, ['Paeonia']={rank='genus', parent='Paeoniaceae', link='Peony|Paeonia'}, ['Paeonia sect. Moutan']={rank='sectio', parent='Paeonia', link='Tree peony|Paeonia sect. Moutan', refs='Tropicos.org. Missouri Botanical Garden. 02 Sep 2021 http://www.tropicos.org/Name/27104920'}, ['Paeoniaceae']={rank='familia', parent='Saxifragales', link='Peony|Paeoniaceae', refs='{{Cite journal|author=Angiosperm Phylogeny Group|year=2016|title=An update of the Angiosperm Phylogeny Group classification for the orders and families of flowering plants: APG IV|journal=Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society|volume=181|issue=1|pages=1–20|url=http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/boj.12385/epdf|format=PDF|issn=00244074|doi=10.1111/boj.12385}}'}, ['Paepalanthus']={rank='genus', parent='Eriocaulaceae', link='Paepalanthus'}, ['Paeromopodidae']={rank='familia', parent='Julida', link='Paeromopodidae'}, ['Paeromopodoidea']={rank='superfamilia', parent='Julida', link='Paeromopodoidea', refs='https://www.itis.gov/servlet/SingleRpt/SingleRpt?search_topic=TSN&search_value=568976'}, ['Paesia']={rank='genus', parent='Dennstaedtiaceae', link='Paesia', refs='{{cite journal|author=PPG I|title=A community-derived classification for extant lycophytes and ferns|journal=Journal of Systematics and Evolution|volume=54|issue=6|year=2016|pages=563–603|issn=16744918|doi=10.1111/jse.12229}}'}, ['Paetrobius']={rank='genus', parent='Machilidae', link='Paetrobius', refs='https://www.gbif.org/species/4803692'}, ['Paffrathiinae']={rank='subfamilia', parent='Neritopsidae', link='Paffrathiinae', extinct=true}, ['Pagamea']={rank='genus', parent='Gaertnereae', link='Pagamea'}, ['Pagameopsis']={rank='genus', parent='Rubiaceae', link='Pagameopsis'}, ['Pagara']={rank='genus', parent='Phaegopterina', link='Pagara'}, ['Pagasa']={rank='genus', parent='Prostemmatinae', link='Pagasa (genus)|Pagasa', refs='https://www.itis.gov/servlet/SingleRpt/SingleRpt?search_topic=TSN&search_value=107134'}, ['Pagea']={rank='genus', parent='Stylonuridae', link='Pagea', extinct=true}, ['Pagellus']={rank='genus', parent='Sparidae', link='Pagellus'}, ['Pagetina']={rank='genus', parent='Pagetinidae', link='Pagetina'}, ['Pagetinidae']={rank='familia', parent='Amphipoda', link='Pagetina|Pagetinidae'}, ['Pagida']={rank='genus', parent='Thomisidae', link='Pagida'}, ['Pagiocerus']={rank='genus', parent='Hylesinini', link='Pagiocerus', refs='https://www.itis.gov/servlet/SingleRpt/SingleRpt?search_topic=TSN&search_value=617118'}, ['Pagiopalus']={rank='genus', parent='Philodromidae', link='Pagiopalus'}, ['Pagiophyllum']={rank='genus', parent='Araucariaceae', link='Pagiophyllum', extinct=true}, ['Pagiphora']={rank='genus', parent='Pagiphorini', link='Pagiphora', refs='http://www.catalogueoflife.org/col/browse/tree/id/d908d42a1ea6e26e49ba7fc6714f1060'}, ['Pagiphorini']={rank='tribus', parent='Cicadettinae', link='Pagiphorini', refs='https://biotaxa.org/Zootaxa/article/view/zootaxa.4424.1.1'}, ['Pagodatrochus']={rank='genus', parent='Trochidae', link='Pagodatrochus'}, ['Pagodidaphne']={rank='genus', parent='Raphitomidae', link='Pagodidaphne'}, ['Pagodroma']={rank='genus', parent='Procellariidae', link='Snow petrel|Pagodroma'}, ['Pagodula']={rank='genus', parent='Pagodulinae', link='Pagodula', refs='http://www.marinespecies.org/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=181038'}, ['Pagodulinae']={rank='subfamilia', parent='Muricidae', link='Pagodulinae', refs='http://www.marinespecies.org/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=711570'}, ['Pagopedilum']={rank='genus', parent='Pamphagidae', link='Pagopedilum'}, ['Pagophila']={rank='genus', parent='Laridae', link='Ivory gull|Pagophila'}, ['Pagophilus']={rank='genus', parent='Phocini', link='Harp seal|Pagophilus'}, ['Pagosvenator']={rank='genus', parent='Erpetosuchidae', link='Pagosvenator', extinct=true}, ['Pagothenia']={rank='genus', parent='Nototheniidae', link='Pagothenia', refs='{{FishBase genus | genus = Pagothenia | month = June | year = 2021}}'}, ['Pagothyra']={rank='genus', parent='Gesneriaceae', link='Pagothyra'}, ['Pagria']={rank='genus', parent='Typophorini', link='Pagria'}, ['Pagrus']={rank='genus', parent='Sparidae', link='Pagrus'}, ['Paguma']={rank='genus', parent='Paradoxurinae', link='Masked palm civet|Paguma'}, ['Pagurapseudidae']={rank='familia', parent='Apseudoidea', link='Pagurapseudidae'}, ['Pagurapseudopsididae']={rank='familia', parent='Apseudoidea', link='Pagurapseudopsis|Pagurapseudopsididae'}, ['Pagurapseudopsis']={rank='genus', parent='Pagurapseudopsididae', link='Pagurapseudopsis'}, ['Paguridae']={rank='familia', parent='Paguroidea', link='Paguridae', refs='https://www.itis.gov/servlet/SingleRpt/SingleRpt?search_topic=TSN&search_value=97774'}, ['Paguristes']={rank='genus', parent='Diogenidae', link='Paguristes', refs='{{cite WoRMS |author=McLaughlin, Patsy |year=2020 |title=\'\'Paguristes\'\' Dana, 1851 |id=106844 |accessdate=25 December 2020}}'}, ['Paguroidea']={rank='superfamilia', parent='Anomura', link='Hermit crab|Paguroidea', refs='{{cite journal|author=Collins, J. S. H.|author-link=J.S.H. Collins |author2=Portell, R. W. |author2-link=R.W. Portell |author3=Donovan, S. K. |author3-link=S.K. Donovan|year=2009|title=Decapod crustaceans from the Neogene of the Caribbean: diversity, distribution and prospectus|work=[[Scripta Geologica]] |name-list-style=amp |volume=138|page=55–111}} As cited in {{cite web|author=Hendy, A.|author-link=Austin Hendy|title=Superfamily Paguroidea Latreille 1802 (hermit crab)|work=[[Paleobiology Database]]|access-date=8 Feb 2012|date=2010|url=http://paleodb.org/cgi-bin/bridge.pl}}'}, ['Pagurus']={rank='genus', parent='Paguridae', link='Pagurus', refs='https://www.itis.gov/servlet/SingleRpt/SingleRpt?search_topic=TSN&search_value=97775'}, ['Paha']={rank='genus', parent='Colydiinae', link='Paha (beetle)|Paha', refs='https://www.itis.gov/servlet/SingleRpt/SingleRpt?search_topic=TSN&search_value=706131'}, ['Pahanga']={rank='genus', parent='Tetrablemmidae', link='Pahanga', refs='{{cite web| title=Gen. Pahanga Shear, 1979| website=World Spider Catalog Version 20.0| access-date=2019-10-17| year=2019| publisher=Natural History Museum Bern| url=http://www.wsc.nmbe.ch/genus/3260| doi=10.24436/2}}'}, ['Pahangone']={rank='genus', parent='Linyphiidae', link='Pahangone'}, ['Paharia']={rank='genus', parent='Cicadidae', link='Paharia (cicada)|Paharia', refs='http://www.catalogueoflife.org/col/browse/tree/id/eb73f8f987404ed09fc01e0b87e84619'}, ['Pahasapasaurus']={rank='genus', parent='Polycotylidae', link='Pahasapasaurus', extinct=true}, ['Pahora']={rank='genus', parent='Physoglenidae', link='Pahora'}, ['Pahoroides']={rank='genus', parent='Physoglenidae', link='Pahoroides'}, ['Paidia']={rank='genus', parent='Nudariina', link='Paidia'}, ['Paidiscura']={rank='genus', parent='Theridiidae', link='Paidiscura'}, ['Paikiniana']={rank='genus', parent='Linyphiidae', link='Paikiniana'}, ['Paimokia']={rank='genus', parent='Xystodesmidae', link='Paimokia'}, ['Paivaea']={rank='genus', parent='Tenebrionidae', link='Paivaea', refs='https://www.gbif.org/species/3262082'}, ['Paiveusinae']={rank='subtribus', parent='Picrodendreae', link='Oldfieldia|Paiveusinae'}, ['Paiwana']={rank='genus', parent='Pholcidae', link='Paiwana'}, ['Pajanelia']={rank='genus', parent='Tecomeae', link='Pajanelia'}, ['Pakasuchus']={rank='genus', parent='Ziphosuchia', link='Pakasuchus', extinct=true}, ['Pakawops']={rank='genus', parent='Selenopidae', link='Pakawops'}, ['Pakeha']={rank='genus', parent='Cycloctenidae', link='Pakeha (spider)|Pakeha'}, ['Pakicetidae']={rank='familia', parent='Archaeoceti', link='Pakicetidae', extinct=true}, ['Pakicetinae']={rank='subfamilia', parent='Pakicetidae', link='Pakicetinae', extinct=true}, ['Pakicetus']={rank='genus', parent='Pakicetidae', link='Pakicetus', extinct=true}, ['Pakisaurus']={rank='genus', parent='Titanosauridae', link='Pakisaurus', extinct=true}, ['Pakotitanops']={rank='genus', parent='Brontotheriidae', link='Pakotitanops', extinct=true}, ['Palacrodon']={rank='genus', parent='Incertae sedis/Diapsida', link='Palacrodon', extinct=true}, ['Paladin']={rank='genus', parent='Proetidae', link='Paladin (trilobite)|Paladin', refs='{{cite journal |title=Carboniferous trilobite genera |first=J. M. |last=Weller |journal=[[J. Paleontol.]] |year=1936 |volume=10 |issue=8 |pages=704-714}}', extinct=true}, ['Palaeacanthaspidae']={rank='familia', parent='Acanthothoraci', link='Palaeacanthaspidae', extinct=true}, ['Palaeacanthaspis']={rank='genus', parent='Palaeacanthaspidae', link='Palaeacanthaspis', extinct=true}, ['Palaeacanthocephala']={rank='classis', parent='Acanthocephala', link='Palaeacanthocephala'}, ['Palaeanodonta']={rank='ordo', parent='Pholidotamorpha', link='Palaeanodonta', extinct=true}, ['Palaearctonyx']={rank='genus', parent='Carnivoraformes', link='Palaearctonyx', extinct=true}, ['Palaechthonidae']={rank='familia', parent='Primates', link='Palaechthonidae', refs='{{GBIF |id=4827440 |taxon=Palaechthonidae |accessdate=14 September 2021}}', extinct=true}, ['Palaeeudyptes']={rank='genus', parent='Palaeeudyptinae', link='Palaeeudyptes', extinct=true}, ['Palaeeudyptinae']={rank='subfamilia', parent='Spheniscidae', link='Palaeeudyptinae', extinct=true}, ['Palaeeudyptinae/?']={same_as='Palaeeudyptinae'}, ['Palaelodidae']={rank='familia', parent='Phoenicopteriformes', link='Palaelodidae', extinct=true}, ['Palaelodus']={rank='genus', parent='Palaelodidae', link='Palaelodus', extinct=true}, ['Palaemnema']={rank='genus', parent='Platystictidae', link='Palaemnema'}, ['Palaemon']={rank='genus', parent='Palaemonidae', link='Palaemon (genus)|Palaemon'}, ['Palaemonias']={rank='genus', parent='Atyidae', link='Palaemonias'}, ['Palaemonidae']={rank='familia', parent='Palaemonoidea', link='Palaemonidae'}, ['Palaemonoidea']={rank='superfamilia', parent='Caridea', link='Palaemonoidea'}, ['Palaemonoidea/?']={same_as='Palaemonoidea'}, ['Palaeoagaracites']={rank='genus', parent='Incertae sedis/Agaricales', link='Palaeoagaracites', refs='{{Cite journal |last1=Poinar |first1=G.O. |author2=Buckley, R. |year=2007 |title=Evidence of mycoparasitism and hypermycoparasitism in Early Cretaceous amber |journal=Mycological Research |volume=111 |issue=4 |pages=503–506 |doi=10.1016/j.mycres.2007.02.004 |url=http://sbli.ls.manchester.ac.uk/fungi/21st_Century_Guidebook_to_Fungi/REPRINT_collection/Poinar+Buckleymycoparasites_in_amber2007.pdf |pmid=17512712}}', extinct=true}, ['Palaeoagraecia']={rank='genus', parent='Agraeciini', link='Palaeoagraecia', refs='Ingrisch, 1998'}, ['Palaeoaldrovanda']={rank='genus', parent='Droseraceae', link='Palaeoaldrovanda', refs='*IRMNG (2021). Palaeoaldrovanda E. Knobloch & D.H. Mai, 1984 †. Accessed at: https://www.irmng.org/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=1265567 on 2021-09-02', extinct=true}, ['Palaeoamasia']={rank='genus', parent='Palaeoamasiidae', link='Palaeoamasia', extinct=true}, ['Palaeoamasiidae']={rank='familia', parent='Embrithopoda', link='Palaeoamasiidae', extinct=true}, ['Palaeoamyda']={rank='genus', parent='Trionychinae', link='Palaeoamyda', extinct=true}, ['Palaeoaphidoidea']={rank='superfamilia', parent='Aphidomorpha', link='Palaeoaphidoidea', refs='http://Aphid.speciesfile.org/Common/basic/Taxa.aspx?TaxonNameID=1159089', extinct=true}, ['Palaeoaplysina']={rank='genus', parent='Palaeoaplysinaceae', link='Palaeoaplysina', refs='{{Cite journal | doi = 10.1016/j.geobios.2007.01.006 | last1 = Vachard | first1 = D. | last2 = Kabanov | first2 = P. | title = Palaeoaplysinella gen. Nov. And Likinia Ivanova and Ilkhovskii, 1973 emend., from the type Moscovian (Russia) and the algal affinities of the ancestral palaeoaplysinaceae n. Comb | journal = Geobios | volume = 40 | issue = 6 | pages = 849–860 | year = 2007 }}', extinct='Yes'}, ['Palaeoaplysinaceae']={rank='familia', parent='Archaeolithophyllales/?', link='Palaeoaplysina|Palaeoaplysinaceae', refs='{{Cite journal | doi = 10.1016/j.geobios.2007.01.006 | last1 = Vachard | first1 = D. | last2 = Kabanov | first2 = P. | title = Palaeoaplysinella gen. Nov. And Likinia Ivanova and Ilkhovskii, 1973 emend., from the type Moscovian (Russia) and the algal affinities of the ancestral palaeoaplysinaceae n. Comb | journal = Geobios | volume = 40 | issue = 6 | pages = 849–860 | year = 2007 }}', extinct=true}, ['Palaeoaplysinella']={rank='genus', parent='Palaeoaplysinaceae', link='Palaeoaplysinella', refs='{{Cite journal | doi = 10.1016/j.geobios.2007.01.006 | last1 = Vachard | first1 = D. | last2 = Kabanov | first2 = P. | title = Palaeoaplysinella gen. Nov. And Likinia Ivanova and Ilkhovskii, 1973 emend., from the type Moscovian (Russia) and the algal affinities of the ancestral palaeoaplysinaceae n. Comb | journal = Geobios | volume = 40 | issue = 6 | pages = 849–860 | year = 2007 }}', extinct='Yes'}, ['Palaeoapterodytes']={rank='genus', parent='Spheniscidae', link='Palaeoapterodytes', extinct=true}, ['Palaeoargyra']={rank='genus', parent='Diaphorinae', link='Palaeoargyra', refs='{{cite journal|first=Igor Ya.|last=Grichanov|year=2017|title=Alphabetic list of generic and specific names of predatory flies of the epifamily Dolichopodoidae (Diptera). 2nd ed.|url=http://vizr.spb.ru/assets/docs/vestnik/sup/Grichanov%202017%20Dolibank-sec.pdf|journal=Plant Protection News, Supplements|publisher=All-Union Research Institute of Plant Protection (VISR)|place=[[St.Petersburg]]|issue=23|doi=10.5281/zenodo.884863|doi-access=free}}', extinct=true}, ['Palaeobates']={rank='genus', parent='Acrodontidae', link='Palaeobates', extinct=true}, ['Palaeobatrachidae']={rank='familia', parent='Pipimorpha', link='Palaeobatrachidae', extinct=true}, ['Palaeobatrachus']={rank='genus', parent='Palaeobatrachidae', link='Palaeobatrachus', extinct=true}, ['Palaeobelemnopseidae']={rank='familia', parent='Aulacocerida', link='Palaeobelemnopseidae', extinct=true}, ['Palaeocarcharodon']={rank='genus', parent='Otodontidae', link='Palaeocarcharodon', extinct=true}, ['Palaeocastor']={rank='genus', parent='Palaeocastorinae', link='Palaeocastor', extinct=true}, ['Palaeocastorinae']={rank='subfamilia', parent='Castoridae', link='Palaeocastorinae', extinct=true}, ['Palaeocharinae']={rank='subordo', parent='Charales', link='Palaeocharinae', extinct=true}, ['Palaeocharinidae']={rank='familia', parent='Trigonotarbida', link='Palaeocharinidae', extinct=true}, ['Palaeocharinus']={rank='genus', parent='Palaeocharinidae', link='Palaeocharinus', extinct=true}, ['Palaeochiropterygidae']={rank='familia', parent='Microchiropteramorpha', link='Palaeochiropterygidae', extinct=true}, ['Palaeochiropteryx']={rank='genus', parent='Palaeochiropterygidae', link='Palaeochiropteryx', extinct=true}, ['Palaeochoerus']={rank='genus', parent='Suidae', link='Palaeochoerus', extinct=true}, ['Palaeocixiidae']={rank='familia', parent='Grylloblattodea', link='Palaeocixiidae', refs='http://Grylloblattodea.speciesfile.org/Common/basic/Taxa.aspx?TaxonNameID=1221792', extinct=true}, ['Palaeoctonus']={rank='genus', parent='Phytosauria /?', link='Palaeoctonus', extinct=true}, ['Palaeoctopodidae']={rank='familia', parent='Octopoda', link='Palaeoctopodidae', refs='{{Cite journal | last1 = Fuchs | first1 = D. | last2 = Bracchi | first2 = G. | last3 = Weis | first3 = R. | title = New octopods (Cephalopoda: Coleoidea) from the Late Cretaceous (Upper Cenomanian) of Hâkel and Hâdjoula, Lebanon | doi = 10.1111/j.1475-4983.2008.00828.x | journal = Palaeontology | volume = 52 | pages = 65–81| year = 2009 }}', extinct=true}, ['Palaeoctopus']={rank='genus', parent='Palaeoctopodidae', link='Palaeoctopus', extinct=true}, ['Palaeocursornis']={rank='genus', parent='Azhdarchidae', link='Palaeocursornis', extinct=true}, ['Palaeodictyoptera']={rank='ordo', parent='Palaeodictyopteroidea', link='Palaeodictyoptera', extinct=true}, ['Palaeodictyopteroidea']={rank='superordo', parent='Pterygota', link='Palaeodictyopteroidea', extinct=true}, ['Palaeodocosia']={rank='genus', parent='Mycetophilidae', link='Palaeodocosia'}, ['Palaeoephippiorhynchus']={rank='genus', parent='Ciconiidae', link='Palaeoephippiorhynchus', extinct=true}, ['Palaeogale']={rank='genus', parent='Palaeogalidae', link='Palaeogale', refs='{{BioRef|fossilworks|id=40968 |title=Palaeogale von Meyer 1846 (carnivoran) |access-date=29 June 2019}}', extinct=true}, ['Palaeogalidae']={rank='familia', parent='Feliformia', link='Palaeogalidae', extinct=true}, ['Palaeogiraffa']={rank='genus', parent='Giraffidae', link='Palaeogiraffa', extinct=true}, ['Palaeoglaucidae']={rank='familia', parent='Strigiformes', link='Palaeoglaucidae'}, ['Palaeoglaux']={rank='genus', parent='Palaeoglaucidae', link='Palaeoglaux'}, ['Palaeognathae']={rank='infraclassis', parent='Aves/skip', link='Palaeognathae', always_display=true}, ['Palaeohatteria']={rank='genus', parent='Palaeohatteriidae', link='Palaeohatteria', extinct=true}, ['Palaeohatteriidae']={rank='familia', parent='Sphenacodontia', link='Palaeohatteriidae', extinct=true}, ['Palaeoherpeton']={rank='genus', parent='Embolomeri', link='Palaeoherpeton', extinct=true}, ['Palaeoheterodonta']={rank='subclassis', parent='Bivalvia', link='Palaeoheterodonta'}, ['Palaeohierax']={rank='genus', parent='Accipitridae', link='Palaeohierax', extinct=true}, ['Palaeohyphantes']={rank='genus', parent='Linyphiidae', link='Palaeohyphantes'}, ['Palaeolaginae']={rank='subfamilia', parent='Leporidae', link='Palaeolaginae', extinct=true}, ['Palaeolagus']={rank='genus', parent='Palaeolaginae', link='Palaeolagus', extinct=true}, ['Palaeolama']={rank='genus', parent='Lamini', link='Palaeolama', extinct=true}, ['Palaeolemur']={rank='genus', parent='Adapinae', link='Palaeolemur', extinct=true}, ['Palaeoloricata']={rank='clade', parent='Polyplacophora/?', link='Palaeoloricata', extinct=true}, ['Palaeoloxodon']={rank='genus', parent='Palaeoloxodontina', link='Palaeoloxodon', extinct=true}, ['Palaeoloxodontina']={rank='subtribus', parent='Elephantini', link='Palaeoloxodontina', extinct=true}, ['Palaeoludus']={rank='genus', parent='Dysoneuridae', link='Palaeoludus', refs='{{cite journal|first1=I.D.|year=2001|last1=Sukatsheva|first2=E.A.|last2=Jarzembowski |title=Fossil caddisflies (Insecta: Trichoptera) from the Early Cretaceous of southern England II|journal=[[Cretaceous Research]]|volume=22|issue=6|pages=685–694|doi=10.1006/cres.2001.0292}}', extinct=true}, ['Palaeolyngbya']={rank='genus', parent='Oscillatoriaceae', link='Palaeolyngbya', extinct=true}, ['Palaeomastodon']={rank='genus', parent='Palaeomastodontidae', link='Palaeomastodon', extinct=true}, ['Palaeomastodontidae']={rank='familia', parent='Proboscidea', link='Palaeomastodon|Palaeomastodontidae', extinct=true}, ['Palaeomedeterus']={rank='genus', parent='Peloropeodinae', link='Palaeomedeterus', refs='{{Cite journal|author1=I.Ya. Grichanov |author2=O.P. Negrobov |year=2018 |title=Peloropeodinae (Diptera: Dolichopodidae) from Baltic amber |journal=Caucasian Entomological Bulletin |volume=14 |issue=1 |pages=95–104 |doi=10.23885/1814-3326-2018-14-1-95-104 }}', extinct=true}, ['Palaeomedusa']={rank='genus', parent='Thalassemydidae', link='Palaeomedusa', refs='{{cite web|url=http://www.paleofile.com/Demo/Mainpage/Taxalist/Turtles.htm|title=Subclass Chelonomorpha Kuhn, 1960|publisher=Paleofile.com|access-date=February 18, 2012}}', extinct=true}, ['Palaeomephitis']={rank='genus', parent='Mephitidae', link='Palaeomephitis'}, ['Palaeomerycidae']={rank='familia', parent='Pecora', link='Palaeomerycidae', extinct=true}, ['Palaeomerycinae']={rank='subfamilia', parent='Palaeomerycidae', link='Palaeomerycidae|Palaeomerycinae', extinct=true}, ['Palaeomeryx']={rank='genus', parent='Palaeomerycinae', link='Palaeomeryx', extinct=true}, ['Palaeomicra']={rank='genus', parent='Micropterigidae', link='Palaeomicra'}, ['Palaeomicroides']={rank='genus', parent='Micropterigidae', link='Palaeomicroides'}, ['Palaeomolgophis']={rank='genus', parent='Adelogyrinidae', link='Palaeomolgophis', extinct=true}, ['Palaeomorpha']={rank='genus', parent='Olethreutini', link='Palaeomorpha'}, ['Palaeomyrmidon']={rank='genus', parent='Cyclopedidae', link='Palaeomyrmidon', extinct=true}, ['Palaeonaricidae']={rank='familia', parent='Neritopsoidea', link='Palaeonaricidae', extinct=true}, ['Palaeonema']={rank='genus', parent='Palaeonematidae', link='Palaeonema', refs='{{Cite journal | last1 = Poinar | first1 = G. | last2 = Hass | first2 = H. | last3 = Kerp | first3 = H. | title = \'\'Palaeonema phyticum\'\' gen. n., sp. n. (Nematoda: Palaeonematidae fam. N.), a Devonian nematode associated with early land plants | doi = 10.1163/156854108783360159 | journal = Nematology | volume = 10 | pages = 9 | year = 2008 | pmid = | pmc = }}', extinct=true}, ['Palaeonematidae']={rank='familia', parent='Enoplida', link='Palaeonema|Palaeonematidae', refs='{{cite book|first=G. O.|last=Poinar|year=2011|chapter=Appendix I. Taxonomic descriptions of previously known and new fossil nematode taxa|title=The Evolutionary History of Nematodes: As revealed in stone, amber and mummies|series=Nematology Monographs and Perspectives|volume=9|publisher=[[Brill Publishers]]|doi=10.1163/9789047428664_015|isbn=9789004175211|pages=247-357}}', extinct=true}, ['Palaeonemertea']={rank='ordo', parent='Anopla', link='Palaeonemertea'}, ['Palaeoneura']={rank='genus', parent='Mymaridae', link='Palaeoneura'}, ['Palaeonictinae']={rank='subfamilia', parent='Oxyaenidae', link='Palaeonictinae', extinct=true}, ['Palaeonictis']={rank='genus', parent='Palaeonictinae', link='Palaeonictis', extinct=true}, ['Palaeoniscidae']={rank='familia', parent='Actinopterygii', link='Palaeoniscidae', refs='[[Palaeoniscidae]]', extinct=true}, ['Palaeontinidae']={rank='familia', parent='Palaeontinoidea', link='Palaeontinidae', extinct=true}, ['Palaeontinoidea']={rank='superfamilia', parent='Cicadomorpha', link='Palaeontinoidea', extinct=true}, ['Palaeonycteris']={rank='genus', parent='Rhinolophidae', link='Palaeonycteris', extinct=true}, ['Palaeonympha']={rank='genus', parent='Euptychiina', link='Palaeonympha'}, ['Palaeopalaemon']={rank='genus', parent='Palaeopalaemonidae', link='Palaeopalaemon', extinct=true}, ['Palaeopalaemonida']={rank='infraordo', parent='Pleocyemata', link='Palaeopalaemonida', refs='https://www.biolib.cz/en/taxon/id1295633/', extinct=true}, ['Palaeopalaemonidae']={rank='familia', parent='Palaeopalaemonoidea', link='Palaeopalaemonidae', extinct=true}, ['Palaeopalaemonoidea']={rank='superfamilia', parent='Palaeopalaemonida', link='Palaeopalaemonoidea', extinct=true}, ['Palaeopascichnus']={rank='genus', parent='Incertae sedis/Life', link='Palaeopascichnus', refs='{{cite journal|doi=10.1093/icb/43.1.219|pmid=21680425|title=The Proterozoic and Earliest Cambrian Trace Fossil Record; Patterns, Problems and Perspectives|journal=Integrative and Comparative Biology|volume=43|issue=1|pages=219–28|year=2003|last1=Jensen|first1=S.}}', extinct='Yes'}, ['Palaeoperca']={rank='genus', parent='Serranidae', link='Palaeoperca', refs='{{cite web | url = https://paleobiodb.org/classic/basicTaxonInfo?taxon_no=36110 | title = †Palaeoperca Micklich 1978 (perch-like fish) | access-date = 11 September 2020 | publisher = PBDB}}</ref>', extinct=true}, ['Palaeoperenethis']={rank='genus', parent='Pisauridae', link='Palaeoperenethis', refs='{{cite journal |last1=Selden |first1=P.A. |last2=Penney |first2=D. |year=2009 |title=A fossil spider (Araneae: Pisauridae) of Eocene age from Horsefly, British Columbia, Canada |journal=Contributions to Natural History |volume=12 |pages=1269–1282 |url=http://homepage.mac.com/paulselden/Sites/Website/Horsefly.pdf)}}', extinct='Yes'}, ['Palaeophasianus']={rank='genus', parent='Geranoididae', link='Palaeophasianus', extinct=true}, ['Palaeopheidae']={rank='familia', parent='Alethinophidia', link='Palaeopheidae', refs='{{Citation |last1=Case |first1=Dennis |last2=Parmley |first2=Gerard |date=23 September 1988 |title=New records of Eocene sea snakes (\'\'Pterosphenus\'\') from Louisiana |journal=Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology |volume=8 |pages=334-339 |jstor=4523211}}', extinct=true}, ['Palaeopheinae']={rank='subfamilia', parent='Palaeophiidae', link='Palaeopheinae', extinct=true}, ['Palaeophiidae']={rank='familia', parent='Acrochordoidea', link='Palaeophiidae', extinct=true}, ['Palaeophilotes']={rank='genus', parent='Polyommatini', link='Palaeophilotes'}, ['Palaeophis']={rank='genus', parent='Palaeopheinae', link='Palaeophis', extinct=true}, ['Palaeophonidae']={rank='familia', parent='Palaeophonoidea', link='Palaeophonus|Palaeophonidae', extinct=true}, ['Palaeophonoidea']={rank='superfamilia', parent='Lobosternina', link='Palaeophonus|Palaeophonoidea', extinct=true}, ['Palaeophonus']={rank='genus', parent='Palaeophonidae', link='Palaeophonus', extinct=true}, ['Palaeophragmodictya']={rank='genus', parent='Reticulosa', link='Palaeophragmodictya', extinct=true}, ['Palaeoplethodon']={rank='genus', parent='Plethodontidae', link='Palaeoplethodon', extinct=true}, ['Palaeopleurodeles']={rank='genus', parent='Pleurodelinae', link='Palaeopleurodeles', refs='{{cite web |url=http://fossilworks.org/?a=taxonInfo&taxon_no=37404 |title=†\'\'Palaeopleurodeles\'\' Herre, 1941 |work=Paleobiology Database |publisher=Fossilworks |access-date=19 December 2015}}', extinct=true}, ['Palaeopleurosaurus']={rank='genus', parent='Pleurosauridae', link='Palaeopleurosaurus', extinct=true}, ['Palaeopomacentrus']={rank='genus', parent='Pomacentridae', link='Palaeopomacentrus', extinct=true}, ['Palaeopotorous']={rank='genus', parent='Potoroidae', link='Palaeopotorous', extinct=true}, ['Palaeopropithecidae']={rank='familia', parent='Lemuroidea', link='Sloth lemur|Palaeopropithecidae', extinct=true}, ['Palaeopropithecus']={rank='genus', parent='Palaeopropithecidae', link='Palaeopropithecus', extinct=true}, ['Palaeoproteus']={rank='genus', parent='Batrachosauroididae', link='Palaeoproteus', refs='{{cite web |url=http://fossilworks.org/?a=taxonInfo&taxon_no=37362 |title=†\'\'Palaeoproteus\'\' Herre 1935 |work=Paleobiology Database |publisher=Fossilworks |access-date=11 June 2020}}', extinct=true}, ['Palaeopsychops']={rank='genus', parent='Ithonidae', link='Palaeopsychops', extinct=true}, ['Palaeopsylla']={rank='genus', parent='Hystrichopsyllidae', link='Palaeopsylla'}, ['Palaeoptera']={rank='zoodivisio', parent='Pterygota', link='Palaeoptera|Palaeoptera'}, ['Palaeopteryx']={rank='genus', parent='Paraves', link='Palaeopteryx', extinct=true}, ['Palaeopython']={rank='genus', parent='Boidae', link='Palaeopython', extinct=true}, ['Palaeoraphe']={rank='genus', parent='Livistoninae', link='Palaeoraphe', refs='{{cite journal |last1=Poinar |first1=G. |year=2002 |title= Fossil palm flowers in Dominican and Baltic amber|journal= Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society |volume=139 |issue = 4 |pages=361–367 |doi=10.1046/j.1095-8339.2002.00052.x}}', extinct=true}, ['Palaeorhiza']={rank='genus', parent='Apidae', link='Palaeorhiza'}, ['Palaeornis']={rank='genus', parent='Azhdarchoidea', link='Palaeornis cliftii|\"Palaeornis\"', extinct=true}, ['Palaeortyx']={rank='genus', parent='Phasianidae', link='Palaeortyx', extinct=true}, ['Palaeoryctes']={rank='genus', parent='Palaeoryctidae', link='Palaeoryctes', extinct=true}, ['Palaeoryctidae']={rank='familia', parent='Cimolesta', link='Palaeoryctidae', extinct=true}, ['Palaeosaniwa']={rank='genus', parent='Varanidae', link='Palaeosaniwa', extinct=true}, ['Palaeosaurus']={rank='genus', parent='Archosauria', link='Palaeosaurus', extinct=true}, ['Palaeoscincus']={rank='genus', parent='Nodosauridae', link='Palaeoscincus', extinct=true}, ['Palaeoscinidae']={rank='familia', parent='Passeri', link='Palaeoscinis|Palaeoscinidae', extinct=true}, ['Palaeoscinis']={rank='genus', parent='Palaeoscinidae', link='Palaeoscinis', extinct=true}, ['Palaeoscolecida']={rank='classis', parent='Cycloneuralia', link='Palaeoscolecid|Palaeoscolecida', extinct=true}, ['Palaeoscolecidae']={rank='familia', parent='Palaeoscolecida', link='Palaeoscolecid|Palaeoscolecidae', extinct=true}, ['Palaeoscolex']={rank='genus', parent='Palaeoscolecidae', link='Palaeoscolex', extinct=true}, ['Palaeosetidae']={rank='familia', parent='Hepialoidea', link='Palaeosetidae', refs='{{cite journal|last1=van Nieukerken|first1=Erik J. |first2=Lauri |last2=Kaila |first3=Ian J. |last3=Kitching |first4=Niels P. |last4=Kristensen |first5=David C. |last5=Lees |first6=Joël |last6=Minet |first7=Charles |last7=Mitter |first8=Marko |last8=Mutanen |first9=Jerome C. |last9=Regier |first10=Thomas J. |last10=Simonsen |first11=Niklas |last11=Wahlberg |first12=Shen-Horn |last12=Yen |first13=Reza |last13=Zahiri |first14=David |last14=Adamski |first15=Joaquin |last15=Baixeras |first16=Daniel |last16=Bartsch |first17=Bengt Å. |last17=Bengtsson |first18=John W. |last18=Brown |first19=Sibyl Rae |last19=Bucheli |first20=Donald R. |last20=Davis |first21=Jurate |last21=De Prins |first22=Willy |last22=De Prins |first23=Marc E. |last23=Epstein |first24=Patricia |last24=Gentili-Poole |first25=Cees|last25=Gielis|author25-link=Cees Gielis |first26=Peter |last26=Hättenschwiler |first27=Axel |last27=Hausmann |first28=Jeremy D. |last28=Holloway |first29=Axel |last29=Kallies |first30=Ole |last30=Karsholt|author31-link=Akito Y. Kawahara |first31=Akito Y. |last31=Kawahara |first32=Sjaak (J.C.) |last32=Koster |first33=Mikhail V. |last33=Kozlov |first34=J. Donald |last34=Lafontaine |first35=Gerardo |last35=Lamas |first36=Jean-François |last36=Landry |first37=Sangmi |last37=Lee |first38=Matthias |last38=Nuss |first39=Kyu-Tek |last39=Park |first40=Carla |last40=Penz |first41=Jadranka |last41=Rota |first42=Alexander |last42=Schintlmeister |first43=B. Christian |last43=Schmidt |first44=Jae-Cheon |last44=Sohn |first45=M. Alma |last45=Solis |first46=Gerhard M. |last46=Tarmann |first47=Andrew D. |last47=Warren |first48=Susan |last48=Weller |first49=Roman V. |last49=Yakovlev |first50=Vadim V. |last50=Zolotuhin |first51=Andreas |last51=Zwick |title=Order Lepidoptera Linnaeus, 1758|journal=Zootaxa|date=23 December 2011|volume=3148|series=Animal biodiversity: An outline of higher-level classification and survey of taxonomic richness|pages=212–221|url=http://www.mapress.com/zootaxa/2011/f/zt03148p221.pdf|editor1-first=Zhi-Qiang|editor1-last=Zhang|ref=Zootaxa}}'}, ['Palaeosia']={rank='genus', parent='Lithosiina', link='Palaeosia'}, ['Palaeospheniscinae']={rank='subfamilia', parent='Spheniscidae', link='Palaeospheniscus|Palaeospheniscinae', extinct=true}, ['Palaeospheniscus']={rank='genus', parent='Palaeospheniscinae', link='Palaeospheniscus', extinct=true}, ['Palaeospinacidae']={rank='familia', parent='Synechodontiformes', link='Palaeospinacidae', refs='M. Ginter, O. Hampe, and C. J. Duffin. 2010. Chondrichthyes, Paleozoic Elasmobranchii: Teeth. In H.P. Schultze (ed.), Handbook of Paleoichthyology 3D:1-168 [M. Clapham/P. Vazquez]', extinct=true}, ['Palaeospinax']={rank='genus', parent='Palaeospinacidae', link='Palaeospinax', refs='J. Rees. 2000. A new Pliensbachian (Early Jurassic) neoselachian shark fauna from southern Sweden. Acta Palaeontologica Polonica 45(4):407-424 [J. Alroy/J. Alroy]', extinct=true}, ['Palaeospiza']={rank='genus', parent='Coliidae', link='Palaeospiza', refs='http://www.bioone.org/doi/abs/10.1525/auk.2009.07178', extinct=true}, ['Palaeospongillidae']={rank='familia', parent='Spongillida', link='Palaeospongillidae', extinct=true}, ['Palaeostomatidae']={rank='familia', parent='Spatangoida', link='Palaeostomatidae'}, ['Palaeosynthemis']={rank='genus', parent='Synthemistidae', link='Palaeosynthemis'}, ['Palaeosystenus']={rank='genus', parent='Systenini', link='Palaeosystenus', refs='{{cite journal|last1=Grichanov|first1=I. Ya.|last2=Negrobov|first2=O. P.|last3=Selivanova|first3=O. V.|year=2014|title=Two new genera of Medeterinae (Diptera: Dolichopodidae) from Baltic amber and some new combinations|url=http://kmkjournals.com/upload/PDF/REJ/23/ent23_1_061_070_Grichanov_for_Inet.pdf|journal=Russian Entomological Journal|volume=23|issue=1|pages=61–70}}', extinct=true}, ['Palaeoteuthomorpha']={rank='superordo', parent='Coleoidea', link='Palaeoteuthomorpha', extinct=true}, ['Palaeothele']={rank='genus', parent='Mesothelae', link='Palaeothele', extinct=true}, ['Palaeotheriidae']={rank='familia', parent='Hippomorpha', link='Palaeotheriidae', extinct=true}, ['Palaeotherium']={rank='genus', parent='Palaeotheriidae', link='Palaeotherium', extinct=true}, ['Palaeotis']={rank='genus', parent='Struthionidae', link='Palaeotis', extinct=true}, ['Palaeotodus']={rank='genus', parent='Todidae', link='Palaeotodus', extinct=true}, ['Palaeotragus']={rank='genus', parent='Giraffidae', link='Palaeotragus', extinct=true}, ['Palaeotriakis']={rank='genus', parent='Triakidae', link='Palaeotriakis', refs='{{cite web |title=\'\'Palaeotriakis subserratus\'\' |url=http://shark-references.com/species/view/Palaeotriakis-subserratus |website=Shark-References |access-date=7 May 2018}}', extinct=true}, ['Palaeotringa']={rank='genus', parent='Aves', link='Palaeotringa', extinct=true}, ['Palaeotrochidae']={rank='familia', parent='Palaeotrochoidea', link='Palaeotrochidae', extinct=true}, ['Palaeotrochoidea']={rank='superfamilia', parent='Neritimorpha', link='Palaeotrochidae|Palaeotrochoidea', extinct=true}, ['Palaeotropidae']={rank='familia', parent='Spatangoida', link='Palaeotropidae'}, ['Palaeotype']={rank='genus', parent='Nudariina', link='Palaeotype'}, ['Palaeovaranidae']={rank='familia', parent='Varanoidea', link='Palaeovaranidae', extinct=true}, ['Palaeovaranus']={rank='genus', parent='Palaeovaranidae', link='Palaeovaranus', extinct=true}, ['Palaeovespa']={rank='genus', parent='Vespinae', link='Palaeovespa', extinct=true}, ['Palaeoxonodon']={rank='genus', parent='Amphitheriidae', link='Palaeoxonodon', extinct=true}, ['Palaeoxyris']={rank='ichnogenus', parent='Ichnos', link='Palaeoxyris', extinct=true}, ['Palaephatidae']={rank='familia', parent='Palaephatoidea', link='Palaephatidae', refs='{{cite journal|last1=van Nieukerken|first1=Erik J. |first2=Lauri |last2=Kaila |first3=Ian J. |last3=Kitching |first4=Niels P. |last4=Kristensen |first5=David C. |last5=Lees |first6=Joël |last6=Minet |first7=Charles |last7=Mitter |first8=Marko |last8=Mutanen |first9=Jerome C. |last9=Regier |first10=Thomas J. |last10=Simonsen |first11=Niklas |last11=Wahlberg |first12=Shen-Horn |last12=Yen |first13=Reza |last13=Zahiri |first14=David |last14=Adamski |first15=Joaquin |last15=Baixeras |first16=Daniel |last16=Bartsch |first17=Bengt Å. |last17=Bengtsson |first18=John W. |last18=Brown |first19=Sibyl Rae |last19=Bucheli |first20=Donald R. |last20=Davis |first21=Jurate |last21=De Prins |first22=Willy |last22=De Prins |first23=Marc E. |last23=Epstein |first24=Patricia |last24=Gentili-Poole |first25=Cees|last25=Gielis|author25-link=Cees Gielis |first26=Peter |last26=Hättenschwiler |first27=Axel |last27=Hausmann |first28=Jeremy D. |last28=Holloway |first29=Axel |last29=Kallies |first30=Ole |last30=Karsholt|author31-link=Akito Y. Kawahara |first31=Akito Y. |last31=Kawahara |first32=Sjaak (J.C.) |last32=Koster |first33=Mikhail V. |last33=Kozlov |first34=J. Donald |last34=Lafontaine |first35=Gerardo |last35=Lamas |first36=Jean-François |last36=Landry |first37=Sangmi |last37=Lee |first38=Matthias |last38=Nuss |first39=Kyu-Tek |last39=Park |first40=Carla |last40=Penz |first41=Jadranka |last41=Rota |first42=Alexander |last42=Schintlmeister |first43=B. Christian |last43=Schmidt |first44=Jae-Cheon |last44=Sohn |first45=M. Alma |last45=Solis |first46=Gerhard M. |last46=Tarmann |first47=Andrew D. |last47=Warren |first48=Susan |last48=Weller |first49=Roman V. |last49=Yakovlev |first50=Vadim V. |last50=Zolotuhin |first51=Andreas |last51=Zwick |title=Order Lepidoptera Linnaeus, 1758|journal=Zootaxa|date=23 December 2011|volume=3148|series=Animal biodiversity: An outline of higher-level classification and survey of taxonomic richness|pages=212–221|url=http://www.mapress.com/zootaxa/2011/f/zt03148p221.pdf|editor1-first=Zhi-Qiang|editor1-last=Zhang|ref=Zootaxa}}'}, ['Palaephatoidea']={rank='superfamilia', parent='Etimonotrysia', link='Palaephatoidea', refs='{{cite journal|last1=van Nieukerken|first1=Erik J. |first2=Lauri |last2=Kaila |first3=Ian J. |last3=Kitching |first4=Niels P. |last4=Kristensen |first5=David C. |last5=Lees |first6=Joël |last6=Minet |first7=Charles |last7=Mitter |first8=Marko |last8=Mutanen |first9=Jerome C. |last9=Regier |first10=Thomas J. |last10=Simonsen |first11=Niklas |last11=Wahlberg |first12=Shen-Horn |last12=Yen |first13=Reza |last13=Zahiri |first14=David |last14=Adamski |first15=Joaquin |last15=Baixeras |first16=Daniel |last16=Bartsch |first17=Bengt Å. |last17=Bengtsson |first18=John W. |last18=Brown |first19=Sibyl Rae |last19=Bucheli |first20=Donald R. |last20=Davis |first21=Jurate |last21=De Prins |first22=Willy |last22=De Prins |first23=Marc E. |last23=Epstein |first24=Patricia |last24=Gentili-Poole |first25=Cees|last25=Gielis|author25-link=Cees Gielis |first26=Peter |last26=Hättenschwiler |first27=Axel |last27=Hausmann |first28=Jeremy D. |last28=Holloway |first29=Axel |last29=Kallies |first30=Ole |last30=Karsholt|author31-link=Akito Y. Kawahara |first31=Akito Y. |last31=Kawahara |first32=Sjaak (J.C.) |last32=Koster |first33=Mikhail V. |last33=Kozlov |first34=J. Donald |last34=Lafontaine |first35=Gerardo |last35=Lamas |first36=Jean-François |last36=Landry |first37=Sangmi |last37=Lee |first38=Matthias |last38=Nuss |first39=Kyu-Tek |last39=Park |first40=Carla |last40=Penz |first41=Jadranka |last41=Rota |first42=Alexander |last42=Schintlmeister |first43=B. Christian |last43=Schmidt |first44=Jae-Cheon |last44=Sohn |first45=M. Alma |last45=Solis |first46=Gerhard M. |last46=Tarmann |first47=Andrew D. |last47=Warren |first48=Susan |last48=Weller |first49=Roman V. |last49=Yakovlev |first50=Vadim V. |last50=Zolotuhin |first51=Andreas |last51=Zwick |title=Order Lepidoptera Linnaeus, 1758|journal=Zootaxa|date=23 December 2011|volume=3148|series=Animal biodiversity: An outline of higher-level classification and survey of taxonomic richness|pages=212–221|url=http://www.mapress.com/zootaxa/2011/f/zt03148p221.pdf|editor1-first=Zhi-Qiang|editor1-last=Zhang|ref=Zootaxa}}'}, ['Palaestina']={rank='genus', parent='Zodariidae', link='Palaestina_(spider)|Palaestina'}, ['Palaeugoa']={rank='genus', parent='Nudariina', link='Palaeugoa'}, ['Palafoxia']={rank='genus', parent='Carduinae', link='Palafoxia'}, ['Palaiargia']={rank='genus', parent='Platycnemididae', link='Palaiargia'}, ['Palaina']={rank='genus', parent='Diplommatinidae', link='Palaina'}, ['Palaminus']={rank='genus', parent='Procirrina', link='Palaminus', refs='http://www.catalogueoflife.org/col/browse/tree/id/1f29969e43361aa60cf5681dca5d8615'}, ['Palaquium']={rank='genus', parent='Sapoteae', link='Palaquium', refs='{{cite web |url=https://npgsweb.ars-grin.gov/gringlobal/taxonomygenus.aspx?id=8765 |title=Palaquium |date=2017 |website=[[Germplasm Resources Information Network]] (GRIN)|publisher=[[Agricultural Research Service]] (ARS), [[United States Department of Agriculture]] (USDA). |access-date=17 December 2017}}'}, ['Palarini']={rank='tribus', parent='Crabroninae', link='Palarini', refs='https://www.calacademy.org/scientists/projects/catalog-of-sphecidae'}, ['Palasteriscidae']={rank='familia', parent='Platyasterida', link='Palasteriscidae', extinct=true}, ['Palasteriscinae']={rank='subfamilia', parent='Palasteriscidae', link='Palasteriscinae', extinct=true}, ['Palatinerpeton']={rank='genus', parent='Stereospondylomorpha/?/?', link='Palatinerpeton', extinct=true}, ['Palatobaena']={rank='genus', parent='Baenidae', link='Palatobaena', extinct=true}, ['Palatodonta']={rank='genus', parent='Placodontiformes', link='Palatodonta', extinct=true}, ['Palatogobius']={rank='genus', parent='Gobiidae', link='Palatogobius', refs='{{FishBase genus|genus=Palatogobius|month=June|year=2018}}</ref>'}, ['Palaua']={rank='genus', parent='Malveae', link='Palaua (plant)|Palaua', refs='{{GRIN genus | name = \'\'Palaua\'\' | id = 8766 | accessdate = 20 May 2017}}'}, ['Palawanomys']={rank='genus', parent='Murinae', link='Palawan soft-furred mountain rat|Palawanomys'}, ['Palawanosorex']={rank='genus', parent='Crocidurinae', link='Palawan moss shrew|Palawanosorex'}, ['Palazzia']={rank='genus', parent='Incertae sedis/Seguenzioidea', link='Palazzia'}, ['Palea']={rank='genus', parent='Trionychinae', link='Wattle-necked softshell turtle|Palea', refs='{{cite journal | url = http://www.iucn-tftsg.org/wp-content/uploads/file/Accounts/crm_5_000_checklist_v3_2010.pdf | title = Turtles of the world, 2010 update: Annotated checklist of taxonomy, synonymy, distribution and conservation status |journal=Chelonian Research Monographs|volume=5 |date=2010-12-14 |author1=Rhodin, Anders G.J. |author2=van Dijk, Peter Paul |author3=Inverson, John B. |author4=Shaffer, H. Bradley |page=000.127| archive-url = https://www.webcitation.org/5uzfktoIh | archive-date = 2010-12-15 | doi=10.3854/crm.5.000.checklist.v3.2010}}'}, ['Paleacrita']={rank='genus', parent='Bistonini', link='Paleacrita'}, ['Palearctia']={rank='genus', parent='Micrarctiina', link='Palearctia'}, ['Paleoanguimorpha']={rank='infraordo', parent='Anguimorpha', link='Paleoanguimorpha'}, ['Paleoaphidoidea']={rank='superfamilia', parent='Aphidomorpha', link='Paleoaphidoidea', refs='{{fossilworks |id=270001 |title=Paleoaphidoidea |accessdate=22 July 2021 }}', extinct=true}, ['Paleocadmus']={rank='genus', parent='Nautiloidea/?', link='Paleocadmus', refs='{{Cite book', extinct=true}, ['Paleoceras']={rank='genus', parent='Ellesmeroceratidae', link='Paleoceras', refs='<ref>{{citation| first1 = E. L.', extinct=true}, ['Paleochiton']={rank='genus', parent='Chelodidae', link='Paleochiton', extinct=true}, ['Paleoctenophora']={rank='genus', parent='Cydippida', link='Paleoctenophora', extinct=true}, ['Paleodicraeia']={rank='genus', parent='Podostemaceae', link='Paleodicraeia'}, ['Paleohaemoproteus']={rank='genus', parent='Plasmodiidae', link='Paleohaemoproteus', extinct=true}, ['Paleoheterodonta']={rank='subclassis', parent='Bivalvia', link='Protobranchia|Paleoheterodonta'}, ['Paleolamna']={rank='genus', parent='Lamnidae', link='Paleolamna', extinct=true}, ['Paleolepidopterites']={rank='genus', parent='Incertae sedis/Lepidoptera', link='Paleolepidopterites', extinct=true}, ['Paleologus']={rank='genus', parent='Berytinae', link='Paleologus (bug)|Paleologus', refs='http://www.catalogueoflife.org/col/browse/tree/id/cf5dcb2f7ba38fee48e7e66678203f85'}, ['Paleoloricata']={rank='ordo', parent='Polyplacophora', link='Paleoloricata', extinct=true}, ['Paleomerus']={rank='genus', parent='Strabopidae', link='Paleomerus', refs='http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/download;jsessionid=4C68154A286CAC58BA22A9156A818BD3?doi=10.1.1.717.1248&rep=rep1&type=pdf', extinct=true}, ['Paleomolpus']={rank='genus', parent='Eumolpini', link='Paleomolpus', refs='{{cite journal|first1=Konstantin S.|last1=Nadein|first2=Evgeny E.|last2=Perkovsky|first3=Alexey G.|last3=Moseyko|year=2015|title=New Late Eocene Chrysomelidae (Insecta: Coleoptera) from Baltic, Rovno and Danish ambers|journal=[[Papers in Palaeontology]]|volume=2|issue=1|pages=117–137|doi=10.1002/spp2.1034}}', extinct=true}, ['Paleonelsonia']={rank='genus', parent='Ptychopariidae', link='Paleonelsonia', refs='{{fossilworks |id=394192 |title=Paleonelsonia |accessdate=26 March 2021 }}', extinct=true}, ['Paleonurini']={rank='tribus', parent='Neanurinae', link='Paleonurini', refs='https://www.itis.gov/servlet/SingleRpt/SingleRpt?search_topic=TSN&search_value=723449'}, ['Paleopanax']={rank='genus', parent='Araliaceae', link='Paleopanax', refs='{{Cite journal |last1=Manchester |first1=S.R. |title=Fruits and Seeds of the Middle Eocene Nut Beds Flora, Clarno Formation, Oregon |year=1994 |journal=Palaeontographica Americana |volume=58 |page=30-31}}', extinct=true}, ['Paleoparadoxia']={rank='genus', parent='Paleoparadoxiidae', link='Paleoparadoxia', extinct=true}, ['Paleoparadoxiidae']={rank='familia', parent='Desmostylia', link='Paleoparadoxiidae', extinct=true}, ['Paleoplatyura']={rank='genus', parent='Orfeliini', link='Paleoplatyura', refs='https://www.itis.gov/servlet/SingleRpt/SingleRpt?search_topic=TSN&search_value=121590'}, ['Paleopneustidae']={rank='familia', parent='Spatangoida', link='Paleopneustidae'}, ['Paleopyrenomycites']={rank='genus', parent='Pezizomycotina/total-group', link='Paleopyrenomycites', extinct=true}, ['Paleorhinus']={rank='genus', parent='Phytosauria', link='Paleorhinus', extinct=true}, ['Paleorhopalosoma']={rank='genus', parent='Rhopalosomatidae', link='Paleorhopalosoma', extinct=true}, ['Paleosuchus']={rank='genus', parent='Caimaninae', link='Paleosuchus'}, ['Paleothyris']={rank='genus', parent='Romeriida', link='Paleothyris', extinct=true}, ['Paleotropical clade']={rank='cladus', parent='Crescentiina', link='Paleotropical clade', refs='{{cite journal|last1=Olmstead|first1=Richard G.|last2=Zjhra|first2=Michelle L.|last3=Lohmann|first3=Lúcia G.|last4=Grose|first4=Susan O.|last5=Eckert|first5=Andrew J.|title=A molecular phylogeny and classification of Bignoniaceae|journal=American Journal of Botany|volume=96|issue=9|year=2009|pages=1731–1743|issn=00029122|doi=10.3732/ajb.0900004}}'}, ['Paleotubuliporina']={rank='subordo', parent='Cyclostomatida', link='Paleotubuliporina'}, ['Paleotullbergia']={rank='genus', parent='Paleotullbergiidae', link='Paleotullbergia', refs='http://www.collembola.org/taxa/paleidae.htm'}, ['Paleotullbergiidae']={rank='familia', parent='Hypogastruroidea', link='Paleotullbergia|Paleotullbergiidae', refs='https://www.itis.gov/servlet/SingleRpt/SingleRpt?search_topic=TSN&search_value=723417'}, ['Paleozercon']={rank='genus', parent='Zerconidae', link='Paleozercon', refs='https://www.gbif.org/species/4663503', extinct=true}, ['Palerasnitsynus']={rank='genus', parent='Psychomyiidae', link='Palerasnitsynus', refs='{{cite journal|author=Wichard, W.|author-link=Wilfried Wichard|author2=Ross, E.|author2-link=E. Ross |author3=Ross, A.J. |author3-link=A.J. Ross |name-list-style=amp |year=2011|title=\'\'Palerasnitsynus\'\' gen. n. (Trichoptera, Psychomyiidae) from Burmese amber|work=[[ZooKeys]]|volume=130|page=323–330|doi=10.3897/zookeys.130.1449 |pmid=22259286 |pmc=3260769}} As cited in {{cite web|author=Clapham, M.|author-link=Matthew Clapham|work=[[Paleobiology Database]]|date=2012-01-10|title=W. Wichard et al. 2011|url=http://paleodb.org/cgi-bin/bridge.pl?a=displayReference&reference_no=39306|access-date=21 Jan 2012}}', extinct=true}, ['Palerontobia']={rank='genus', parent='Arctiina', link='Palerontobia'}, ['Palfuria']={rank='genus', parent='Zodariidae', link='Palfuria'}, ['Palhinhaea']={rank='genus', parent='Lycopodielloideae', link='Palhinhaea', refs='{{citation |author=PPG I |title=A community-derived classification for extant lycophytes and ferns |journal=Journal of Systematics and Evolution |volume=54 |issue=6 |year=2016 |pages=563–603 |doi=10.1111/jse.12229}}'}, ['Paliana']={rank='genus', parent='Tachinidae', link='Paliana', refs='https://www.gbif.org/species/1464182'}, ['Paliavana']={rank='genus', parent='Gesneriaceae', link='Paliavana'}, ['Palibythus']={rank='genus', parent='Palinuridae', link='Palibythus'}, ['Palicanus']={rank='genus', parent='Miturgidae', link='Palicanus'}, ['Palicella']={rank='genus', parent='Lecanoraceae', link='Palicella', refs='Rodriguez Flakus, Pamela; Printzen, Christian (2014). \"Palicella, a new genus of lichenized fungi and its phylogenetic position within Lecanoraceae\". The Lichenologist. 46 (4): 535–552. doi:10.1017/S0024282914000127'}, ['Palicidae']={rank='familia', parent='Palicoidea', link='Palicidae'}, ['Palicoidea']={rank='superfamilia', parent='Heterotremata', link='Palicoidea'}, ['Palicourea']={rank='genus', parent='Palicoureeae', link='Palicourea'}, ['Palicoureeae']={rank='tribus', parent='Rubioideae', link='Palicoureeae'}, ['Palicus']={rank='genus', parent='Palicidae', link='Palicus'}, ['Paliguana']={rank='genus', parent='Paliguanidae', link='Paliguana', extinct=true}, ['Paliguanidae']={rank='familia', parent='Lepidosauromorpha', link='Paliguana|Paliguanidae', extinct=true}, ['Palimbia']={rank='genus', parent='Apiaceae', link='Palimbia'}, ['Palimbolus']={rank='genus', parent='Pselaphinae', link='Palimbolus'}, ['Palindroma']={rank='genus', parent='Zodariidae', link='Palindroma', refs='{{cite journal|last1=Jocqué|first1=Rudy|last2=Henrard|first2=Arnaud|title=The new spider genus \'\'Palindroma\'\', featuring a novel synapomorphy for the Zodariidae (Araneae)|journal=European Journal of Taxonomy|date=2015|issue=152|doi=10.5852/ejt.2015.152}}'}, ['Palingeniidae']={rank='familia', parent='Ephemeroidea', link='Palingeniidae', refs='https://www.itis.gov/servlet/SingleRpt/SingleRpt?search_topic=TSN&search_value=101587'}, ['Palintropus']={rank='genus', parent='Ambiortiformes', link='Palintropus', extinct=true}, ['Palinuridae']={rank='familia', parent='Achelata', link='Spiny lobster|Palinuridae'}, ['Palinurus']={rank='genus', parent='Palinuridae', link='Palinurus (genus)|Palinurus'}, ['Palio']={rank='genus', parent='Polycerinae', link='Palio (gastropod)|Palio'}, ['Paliolla']={rank='genus', parent='Polycerinae', link='Paliolla', refs='{{cite WoRMS |title=\'\'Paliolla\'\' Burn, 1958 |id=224293 |accessdate=2019-02-01 |mode=cs2}}'}, ['Palisota']={rank='genus', parent='Palisotineae', link='Palisota'}, ['Palisotineae']={rank='subtribus', parent='Tradescantieae', link='Palisota|Palisotineae'}, ['Palissya']={rank='genus', parent='Palissyaceae', link='Palissya', extinct=true}, ['Palissyaceae']={rank='familia', parent='Palissyales', link='Palissyales|Palissyaceae', extinct=true}, ['Palissyales']={rank='ordo', parent='Pinopsida', link='Palissyales', extinct=true}, ['Paliureae']={rank='tribus', parent='Rhamnaceae', link='Paliureae', refs='{{cite journal|last1=Richardson|first1=J. E.|last2=Fay|first2=M. F.|last3=Cronk|first3=Q. C. B.|last4=Chase|first4=M. W.|title=A Revision of the Tribal Classification of Rhamnaceae|journal=Kew Bulletin|volume=55|issue=2|year=2000|pages=311|issn=00755974|doi=10.2307/4115645}}'}, ['Paliurus']={rank='genus', parent='Paliureae', link='Paliurus', refs='{{cite journal|last1=Richardson|first1=J. E.|last2=Fay|first2=M. F.|last3=Cronk|first3=Q. C. B.|last4=Chase|first4=M. W.|title=A Revision of the Tribal Classification of Rhamnaceae|journal=Kew Bulletin|volume=55|issue=2|year=2000|pages=311|issn=00755974|doi=10.2307/4115645}}'}, ['Palla']={rank='genus', parent='Pallini', link='Palla (butterfly)|Palla'}, ['Pallaseidae']={rank='familia', parent='Gammaroidea', link='Pallaseidae', refs='https://www.marinespecies.org/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=547922'}, ['Pallaseopsis']={rank='genus', parent='Pallaseidae', link='Pallaseopsis'}, ['Pallavicinia']={rank='genus', parent='Pallaviciniaceae', link='Pallavicinia', refs='{{cite journal|last1=Söderström|first1=Lars|last2=Hagborg|first2=Anders|last3=von Konrat|first3=Matt|last4=Bartholomew-Began|first4=Sharon|last5=Bell|first5=David|last6=Briscoe|first6=Laura|last7=Brown|first7=Elizabeth|last8=Cargill|first8=D. Christine|last9=da Costa|first9=Denise Pinheiro|last10=Crandall-Stotler|first10=Barbara J.|last11=Cooper|first11=Endymion|last12=Dauphin|first12=Gregorio|last13=Engel|first13=John|last14=Feldberg|first14=Kathrin|last15=Glenny|first15=David|last16=Gradstein|first16=S. Robbert|last17=He|first17=Xiaolan|last18=Hentschel|first18=Joern|last19=Ilkiu-Borges|first19=Anna Luiza|last20=Katagiri|first20=Tomoyuki|last21=Konstantinova|first21=Nadezhda A.|last22=Larraín|first22=Juan|last23=Long|first23=David|last24=Nebel|first24=Martin|last25=Pócs|first25=Tamás|last26=Puche|first26=Felisa|last27=Reiner-Drehwald|first27=Elena|last28=Renner|first28=Matt|last29=Sass-Gyarmati|first29=Andrea|last30=Schäfer-Verwimp|first30=Alfons|last31=Segarra-Moragues|first31=José|last32=Stotler|first32=Raymond E.|last33=Sukkharak|first33=Phiangphak|last34=Thiers|first34=Barbara|last35=Uribe|first35=Jaime|last36=Váňa|first36=Jiří|last37=Wigginton|first37=Martin|last38=Zhang|first38=Li|last39=Zhu|first39=Rui-Liang|title=World checklist of hornworts and liverworts|journal=PhytoKeys|volume=59|year=2016|pages=1–828|issn=1314-2003|doi=10.3897/phytokeys.59.6261|pmid=26929706|pmc=4758082}}'}, ['Pallaviciniaceae']={rank='familia', parent='Pallaviciniineae', link='Pallaviciniaceae', refs='{{cite journal|last1=Söderström|first1=Lars|last2=Hagborg|first2=Anders|last3=von Konrat|first3=Matt|last4=Bartholomew-Began|first4=Sharon|last5=Bell|first5=David|last6=Briscoe|first6=Laura|last7=Brown|first7=Elizabeth|last8=Cargill|first8=D. Christine|last9=da Costa|first9=Denise Pinheiro|last10=Crandall-Stotler|first10=Barbara J.|last11=Cooper|first11=Endymion|last12=Dauphin|first12=Gregorio|last13=Engel|first13=John|last14=Feldberg|first14=Kathrin|last15=Glenny|first15=David|last16=Gradstein|first16=S. Robbert|last17=He|first17=Xiaolan|last18=Hentschel|first18=Joern|last19=Ilkiu-Borges|first19=Anna Luiza|last20=Katagiri|first20=Tomoyuki|last21=Konstantinova|first21=Nadezhda A.|last22=Larraín|first22=Juan|last23=Long|first23=David|last24=Nebel|first24=Martin|last25=Pócs|first25=Tamás|last26=Puche|first26=Felisa|last27=Reiner-Drehwald|first27=Elena|last28=Renner|first28=Matt|last29=Sass-Gyarmati|first29=Andrea|last30=Schäfer-Verwimp|first30=Alfons|last31=Segarra-Moragues|first31=José|last32=Stotler|first32=Raymond E.|last33=Sukkharak|first33=Phiangphak|last34=Thiers|first34=Barbara|last35=Uribe|first35=Jaime|last36=Váňa|first36=Jiří|last37=Wigginton|first37=Martin|last38=Zhang|first38=Li|last39=Zhu|first39=Rui-Liang|title=World checklist of hornworts and liverworts|journal=PhytoKeys|volume=59|year=2016|pages=1–828|issn=1314-2003|doi=10.3897/phytokeys.59.6261|pmid=26929706|pmc=4758082}}'}, ['Pallaviciniales']={rank='ordo', parent='Pelliidae', link='Pallaviciniales', refs='{{cite journal|last1=Söderström|first1=Lars|last2=Hagborg|first2=Anders|last3=von Konrat|first3=Matt|last4=Bartholomew-Began|first4=Sharon|last5=Bell|first5=David|last6=Briscoe|first6=Laura|last7=Brown|first7=Elizabeth|last8=Cargill|first8=D. Christine|last9=da Costa|first9=Denise Pinheiro|last10=Crandall-Stotler|first10=Barbara J.|last11=Cooper|first11=Endymion|last12=Dauphin|first12=Gregorio|last13=Engel|first13=John|last14=Feldberg|first14=Kathrin|last15=Glenny|first15=David|last16=Gradstein|first16=S. Robbert|last17=He|first17=Xiaolan|last18=Hentschel|first18=Joern|last19=Ilkiu-Borges|first19=Anna Luiza|last20=Katagiri|first20=Tomoyuki|last21=Konstantinova|first21=Nadezhda A.|last22=Larraín|first22=Juan|last23=Long|first23=David|last24=Nebel|first24=Martin|last25=Pócs|first25=Tamás|last26=Puche|first26=Felisa|last27=Reiner-Drehwald|first27=Elena|last28=Renner|first28=Matt|last29=Sass-Gyarmati|first29=Andrea|last30=Schäfer-Verwimp|first30=Alfons|last31=Segarra-Moragues|first31=José|last32=Stotler|first32=Raymond E.|last33=Sukkharak|first33=Phiangphak|last34=Thiers|first34=Barbara|last35=Uribe|first35=Jaime|last36=Váňa|first36=Jiří|last37=Wigginton|first37=Martin|last38=Zhang|first38=Li|last39=Zhu|first39=Rui-Liang|title=World checklist of hornworts and liverworts|journal=PhytoKeys|volume=59|year=2016|pages=1–828|issn=1314-2003|doi=10.3897/phytokeys.59.6261|pmid=26929706|pmc=4758082}}'}, ['Pallaviciniineae']={rank='subordo', parent='Pallaviciniales', link='Pallaviciniineae', refs='{{cite journal|last1=Söderström|first1=Lars|last2=Hagborg|first2=Anders|last3=von Konrat|first3=Matt|last4=Bartholomew-Began|first4=Sharon|last5=Bell|first5=David|last6=Briscoe|first6=Laura|last7=Brown|first7=Elizabeth|last8=Cargill|first8=D. Christine|last9=da Costa|first9=Denise Pinheiro|last10=Crandall-Stotler|first10=Barbara J.|last11=Cooper|first11=Endymion|last12=Dauphin|first12=Gregorio|last13=Engel|first13=John|last14=Feldberg|first14=Kathrin|last15=Glenny|first15=David|last16=Gradstein|first16=S. Robbert|last17=He|first17=Xiaolan|last18=Hentschel|first18=Joern|last19=Ilkiu-Borges|first19=Anna Luiza|last20=Katagiri|first20=Tomoyuki|last21=Konstantinova|first21=Nadezhda A.|last22=Larraín|first22=Juan|last23=Long|first23=David|last24=Nebel|first24=Martin|last25=Pócs|first25=Tamás|last26=Puche|first26=Felisa|last27=Reiner-Drehwald|first27=Elena|last28=Renner|first28=Matt|last29=Sass-Gyarmati|first29=Andrea|last30=Schäfer-Verwimp|first30=Alfons|last31=Segarra-Moragues|first31=José|last32=Stotler|first32=Raymond E.|last33=Sukkharak|first33=Phiangphak|last34=Thiers|first34=Barbara|last35=Uribe|first35=Jaime|last36=Váňa|first36=Jiří|last37=Wigginton|first37=Martin|last38=Zhang|first38=Li|last39=Zhu|first39=Rui-Liang|title=World checklist of hornworts and liverworts|journal=PhytoKeys|volume=59|year=2016|pages=1–828|issn=1314-2003|doi=10.3897/phytokeys.59.6261|pmid=26929706|pmc=4758082}}'}, ['Pallaviciniites']={rank='genus', parent='Metzgeriales', link='Pallaviciniites', extinct=true}, ['Pallavicinioideae']={rank='subfamilia', parent='Pallaviciniaceae', link='Pallavicinioideae', refs='{{cite journal|last1=Söderström|first1=Lars|last2=Hagborg|first2=Anders|last3=von Konrat|first3=Matt|last4=Bartholomew-Began|first4=Sharon|last5=Bell|first5=David|last6=Briscoe|first6=Laura|last7=Brown|first7=Elizabeth|last8=Cargill|first8=D. Christine|last9=da Costa|first9=Denise Pinheiro|last10=Crandall-Stotler|first10=Barbara J.|last11=Cooper|first11=Endymion|last12=Dauphin|first12=Gregorio|last13=Engel|first13=John|last14=Feldberg|first14=Kathrin|last15=Glenny|first15=David|last16=Gradstein|first16=S. Robbert|last17=He|first17=Xiaolan|last18=Hentschel|first18=Joern|last19=Ilkiu-Borges|first19=Anna Luiza|last20=Katagiri|first20=Tomoyuki|last21=Konstantinova|first21=Nadezhda A.|last22=Larraín|first22=Juan|last23=Long|first23=David|last24=Nebel|first24=Martin|last25=Pócs|first25=Tamás|last26=Puche|first26=Felisa|last27=Reiner-Drehwald|first27=Elena|last28=Renner|first28=Matt|last29=Sass-Gyarmati|first29=Andrea|last30=Schäfer-Verwimp|first30=Alfons|last31=Segarra-Moragues|first31=José|last32=Stotler|first32=Raymond E.|last33=Sukkharak|first33=Phiangphak|last34=Thiers|first34=Barbara|last35=Uribe|first35=Jaime|last36=Váňa|first36=Jiří|last37=Wigginton|first37=Martin|last38=Zhang|first38=Li|last39=Zhu|first39=Rui-Liang|title=World checklist of hornworts and liverworts|journal=PhytoKeys|volume=59|year=2016|pages=1–828|issn=1314-2003|doi=10.3897/phytokeys.59.6261|pmid=26929706|pmc=4758082}}'}, ['Pallenis']={rank='genus', parent='Asteraceae', link='Pallenis'}, ['Palleon']={rank='genus', parent='Chamaeleonidae', link='Palleon'}, ['Palleura']={rank='genus', parent='Yponomeutinae', link='Palleura'}, ['Pallidochromis']={rank='genus', parent='Haplochromini', link='Pallidochromis tokolosh|Pallidochromis', refs='{{FishBase|Pallidochromis|tokolosh|month=October|year=2018}}'}, ['Pallidoplectron']={rank='genus', parent='Macropathinae', link='Pallidoplectron'}, ['Palliduphantes']={rank='genus', parent='Linyphiidae', link='Palliduphantes'}, ['Pallifera']={rank='genus', parent='Philomycidae', link='Pallifera'}, ['Pallimnarchus']={rank='genus', parent='Mekosuchinae', link='Pallimnarchus', extinct=true}, ['Pallini']={rank='tribus', parent='Charaxinae', link='Palla_(butterfly)|Pallini'}, ['Palliolisentis']={rank='genus', parent='Pallisentinae', link='Palliolisentis'}, ['Palliolum']={rank='genus', parent='Pectinidae', link='Palliolum'}, ['Pallisentinae']={rank='subfamilia', parent='Quadrigyridae', link='Quadrigyridae|Pallisentinae'}, ['Pallisentis']={rank='genus', parent='Pallisentinae', link='Pallisentis'}, ['Pallodes']={rank='genus', parent='Nitidulinae', link='Pallodes', refs='https://www.itis.gov/servlet/SingleRpt/SingleRpt?search_topic=TSN&search_value=835496'}, ['Palloptera']={rank='genus', parent='Pallopteridae', link='Palloptera', refs='https://www.itis.gov/servlet/SingleRpt/SingleRpt?search_topic=TSN&search_value=143223'}, ['Pallopteridae']={rank='familia', parent='Tephritoidea', link='Pallopteridae', refs='https://www.itis.gov/servlet/SingleRpt/SingleRpt?search_topic=TSN&search_value=143222'}, ['Palmaria']={rank='genus', parent='Palmariaceae', link='Palmaria (alga)|Palmaria', refs='M.D. Guiry in Guiry, M.D. & Guiry, G.M. 2019. AlgaeBase. World-wide electronic publication, National University of Ireland, Galway. http://www.algaebase.org/search/genus/detail/?genus_id=37291 ; searched on 22 January 2019. Classification:'}, ['Palmaria (alga)']={rank='genus', parent='Palmariaceae', link='Palmaria (alga)|Palmaria'}, ['Palmariaceae']={rank='familia', parent='Palmariales', link='Palmariaceae'}, ['Palmariales']={rank='ordo', parent='Nemaliophycidae', link='Palmariales'}, ['Palmartona']={rank='genus', parent='Procridinae', link='Palmartona'}, ['Palmatogecko']={rank='genus', parent='Gekkoninae', link='Palmatogecko'}, ['Palmatorappia']={rank='genus', parent='Ceratobatrachidae', link='Palmatorappia'}, ['Palmerella']={rank='genus', parent='Lobelioideae', link='Palmerella'}, ['Palmeria (bird)']={rank='genus', parent='Carduelinae', link='ʻAkohekohe|Palmeria'}, ['Palmeria (plant)']={rank='genus', parent='Monimiaceae', link='Palmeria (plant)|Palmeria'}, ['Palmettaspis']={rank='genus', parent='Olenellida', link='Palmettaspis', refs='https://www.gbif.org/species/4638682', extinct=true}, ['Palmia']={rank='genus', parent='Synanthedonini', link='Palmia'}, ['Palmichnium']={rank='ichnogenus', parent='Eurypterida', link='Palmichnium', extinct=true}, ['Palmistichus']={rank='genus', parent='Tetrastichinae', link='Palmistichus'}, ['Palmoclathrus']={rank='genus', parent='Palmophyllaceae', link='Palmoclathrus'}, ['Palmodes']={rank='genus', parent='Prionychini', link='Palmodes', refs='https://www.itis.gov/servlet/SingleRpt/SingleRpt?search_topic=TSN&search_value=768273'}, ['Palmodictyon']={rank='genus', parent='Radiococcaceae', link='Palmodictyon'}, ['Palmonia']={rank='genus', parent='Tachinidae', link='Palmonia', refs='https://www.gbif.org/species/1465803'}, ['Palmophyllaceae']={rank='familia', parent='Palmophyllales', link='Palmophyllaceae'}, ['Palmophyllales']={rank='ordo', parent='Palmophyllophyceae', link='Palmophyllales', refs='{{Cite journal | last1 = Zechman | first1 = F. W. | last2 = Verbruggen | first2 = H. | last3 = Leliaert | first3 = F. | last4 = Ashworth | first4 = M. | last5 = Buchheim | first5 = M. A. | last6 = Fawley | first6 = M. W. | last7 = Spalding | first7 = H. | last8 = Pueschel | first8 = C. M. | last9 = Buchheim | first9 = J. A. | last10 = Verghese | doi = 10.1111/j.1529-8817.2010.00900.x | first10 = B. | last11 = Hanisak | first11 = M. D. | title = An Unrecognized Ancient Lineage of Green Plants Persists in Deep Marine Waters | journal = Journal of Phycology | volume = 46 | issue = 6 | pages = 1288–1295 | year = 2010 }}'}, ['Palmophyllophyceae']={rank='classis', parent='Prasinodermatophyta', link='Palmophyllophyceae', refs='{{Cite journal|last=Leliaert|first=Frederik|last2=Tronholm|first2=Ana|last3=Lemieux|first3=Claude|last4=Turmel|first4=Monique|last5=DePriest|first5=Michael S.|last6=Bhattacharya|first6=Debashish|last7=Karol|first7=Kenneth G.|last8=Fredericq|first8=Suzanne|last9=Zechman|first9=Frederick W.|date=2016-05-09|title=Chloroplast phylogenomic analyses reveal the deepest-branching lineage of the Chlorophyta, Palmophyllophyceae class. nov.|url=http://www.nature.com/articles/srep25367|journal=Scientific Reports|language=en|volume=6|doi=10.1038/srep25367|issn=2045-2322|pmc=4860620|pmid=27157793}}{{Cite journal| author1=Linzhou Li| author2=Sibo Wang| author3=Hongli Wang| author4=Sunil Kumar Sahu| author5=Birger Marin| author6=Haoyuan Li| author7=Yan Xu| author8=Hongping Liang| author9=Zhen Li| author10=Shifeng Chen| author11=Tanja Reder| author12=Zehra Çebi| author13=Sebastian Wittek| author14=Morten Petersen| author15=Barbara Melkonian| author16=Hongli Du| author17=Huanming Yang| author18=Jian Wang| author19=Gane Ka-Shu Wong| author20=Xun Xu| author21=Xin Liu| author22=Yves Van de Peer| author23=Michael Melkonian| author24=Huan Liu |date=22 June 2020 |title=The genome of Prasinoderma coloniale unveils the existence of a third phylum within green plants | journal=Nature Ecology & Evolution |volume=4 |issue=9 |pages=1220–1231 |doi=10.1038/s41559-020-1221-7 |url=https://www.nature.com/articles/s41559-020-1221-7}}'}, ['Palmophyllum']={rank='genus', parent='Palmophyllaceae', link='Palmophyllum'}, ['Palmorchis']={rank='genus', parent='Neottieae', link='Palmorchis', refs='{{cite journal|last1=Chase|first1=Mark W.|last2=Cameron|first2=Kenneth M.|last3=Freudenstein|first3=John V.|last4=Pridgeon|first4=Alec M.|last5=Salazar|first5=Gerardo|last6=van den Berg|first6=Cássio|last7=Schuiteman|first7=André|title=An updated classification of Orchidaceae|journal=Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society|volume=177|issue=2|year=2015|pages=151–174|issn=00244074|doi=10.1111/boj.12234}}'}, ['Palmulasaurinae']={rank='subfamilia', parent='Polycotylidae', link='Palmulasaurus|Palmulasaurinae', extinct=true}, ['Palmulasaurus']={rank='genus', parent='Palmulasaurinae', link='Palmulasaurus', extinct=true}, ['Palnissa']={rank='genus', parent='Magnina', link='Palnissa'}, ['Palola']={rank='genus', parent='Eunicidae', link='Palola'}, ['Palomena']={rank='genus', parent='Nezarini', link='Palomena', refs='Mulsant & Rey, 1866'}, ['Palophaginae']={rank='subfamilia', parent='Megalopodidae', link='Palophaginae', refs='https://www.itis.gov/servlet/SingleRpt/SingleRpt?search_topic=TSN&search_value=678796'}, ['Palophinae']={rank='subfamilia', parent='Diapheromeridae', link='Palophinae'}, ['Palorchestes']={rank='genus', parent='Palorchestidae', link='Palorchestes', extinct=true}, ['Palorchestidae']={rank='familia', parent='Diprotodontoidea', link='Palorchestidae', extinct=true}, ['Palorini']={rank='tribus', parent='Tenebrioninae', link='Palorini', refs='https://zookeys.pensoft.net/article/64217/'}, ['Palorus']={rank='genus', parent='Triboliini', link='Palorus', refs='https://www.itis.gov/servlet/SingleRpt/SingleRpt?search_topic=TSN&search_value=187231'}, ['Paloue']={rank='genus', parent='Amherstieae', link='Paloue', refs='{{cite journal | author1 = de la Estrella, M. | author2 = Forest, F. | author3 = Klitgård, B. | author4 = Lewis, G.P. | author5 = Mackinder, B.A. | author6 = de Queiroz, L.P. | author7 = Wieringa J.J. | author8 = Bruneau, A. | year = 2018 | title = A new phylogeny-based tribal classification of subfamily Detarioideae, an early branching clade of florally diverse tropical arborescent legumes | journal = Scientific Reports | volume = 8 | issue = 1 | pages = 6884 | doi = 10.1038/s41598-018-24687-3| pmid = 29720687 | pmc = 5932001 | bibcode = 2018NatSR...8.6884D}}'}, ['Paloveopsis']={rank='genus', parent='Amherstieae', link='Paloveopsis', refs='{{cite journal | author1 = de la Estrella, M. | author2 = Forest, F. | author3 = Klitgård, B. | author4 = Lewis, G.P. | author5 = Mackinder, B.A. | author6 = de Queiroz, L.P. | author7 = Wieringa J.J. | author8 = Bruneau, A. | year = 2018 | title = A new phylogeny-based tribal classification of subfamily Detarioideae, an early branching clade of florally diverse tropical arborescent legumes | journal = Scientific Reports | volume = 8 | issue = 1 | pages = 6884 | doi = 10.1038/s41598-018-24687-3| pmid = 29720687 | pmc = 5932001 | bibcode = 2018NatSR...8.6884D}}'}, ['Palpada']={rank='genus', parent='Eristalini', link='Palpada', refs='https://www.itis.gov/servlet/SingleRpt/SingleRpt?search_topic=TSN&search_value=140995'}, ['Palpares']={rank='genus', parent='Palparini', link='Palpares'}, ['Palparidiini']={rank='tribus', parent='Palparinae', link='Palparidius|Palparidiini'}, ['Palparidius']={rank='genus', parent='Palparidiini', link='Palparidius'}, ['Palparinae']={rank='subfamilia', parent='Myrmeleontidae', link='Palparinae'}, ['Palparini']={rank='tribus', parent='Palparinae', link='Palparini'}, ['Palpata']={rank='subclassis', parent='Polychaeta', link='Palpata'}, ['Palpidia']={rank='genus', parent='Scolecocampinae', link='Palpidia'}, ['Palpifer']={rank='genus', parent='Hepialidae', link='Palpifer'}, ['Palpigradi']={rank='ordo', parent='Arachnida', link='Palpigradi'}, ['Palpimanidae']={rank='familia', parent='Palpimanoidea', link='Palpimanidae', refs='{{Citation |last1=Wheeler |first1=Ward C. |last2=Coddington |first2=Jonathan A. |last3=Crowley |first3=Louise M. |last4=Dimitrov |first4=Dimitar |last5=Goloboff |first5=Pablo A. |last6=Griswold |first6=Charles E. |last7=Hormiga |first7=Gustavo |last8=Prendini |first8=Lorenzo |last9=Ramírez |first9=Martín J. |last10=Sierwald |first10=Petra |last11=Almeida-Silva |first11=Lina |last12=Alvarez-Padilla |first12=Fernando |last13=Arnedo |first13=Miquel A. |last14=Benavides Silva |first14=Ligia R. |last15=Benjamin |first15=Suresh P. |last16=Bond |first16=Jason E. |last17=Grismado |first17=Cristian J. |last18=Hasan |first18=Emile |last19=Hedin |first19=Marshal |last20=Izquierdo |first20=Matías A. |last21=Labarque |first21=Facundo M. |last22=Ledford |first22=Joel |last23=Lopardo |first23=Lara |last24=Maddison |first24=Wayne P. |last25=Miller |first25=Jeremy A. |last26=Piacentini |first26=Luis N. |last27=Platnick |first27=Norman I. |last28=Polotow |first28=Daniele |last29=Silva-Dávila |first29=Diana |last30=Scharff |first30=Nikolaj |last31=Szűts |first31=Tamás |last32=Ubick |first32=Darrell |last33=Vink |first33=Cor J. |last34=Wood |first34=Hannah M. |last35=Zhang |first35=Junxia |date=2017 |orig-year=published online 2016 |title=The spider tree of life: phylogeny of Araneae based on target-gene analyses from an extensive taxon sampling |journal=Cladistics |volume=33 |pages=574–616 |doi=10.1111/cla.12182 |name-list-style=amp }}'}, ['Palpimanoidea']={rank='superfamilia', parent='Araneomorphae', link='Palpimanoidea'}, ['Palpimanus']={rank='genus', parent='Palpimanidae', link='Palpimanus'}, ['Palpita']={rank='genus', parent='Margaroniini', link='Palpita'}, ['Palpoctenidia']={rank='genus', parent='Asthenini', link='Palpoctenidia'}, ['Palpolinnaemyia']={rank='genus', parent='Tachinidae', link='Palpolinnaemyia', refs='https://www.gbif.org/species/1468979'}, ['Palpomyia']={rank='genus', parent='Ceratopogonidae', link='Palpomyia'}, ['Palpomyiini']={rank='tribus', parent='Ceratopogoninae', link='Palpomyiini', refs='https://www.itis.gov/servlet/SingleRpt/SingleRpt?search_topic=TSN&search_value=127774'}, ['Palpophria']={rank='genus', parent='Palpophriidae', link='Palpophria'}, ['Palpophriidae']={rank='familia', parent='Misophrioida', link='Palpophria|Palpophriidae'}, ['Palpopleura']={rank='genus', parent='Palpopleurinae', link='Palpopleura'}, ['Palpopleurinae']={rank='subfamilia', parent='Libellulidae', link='Palpopleurinae'}, ['Palpostoma']={rank='genus', parent='Tachinidae', link='Palpostoma', refs='https://www.gbif.org/species/1469013'}, ['Palpostomatini']={rank='tribus', parent='Dexiinae', link='Palpostomatini', refs='https://www.itis.gov/servlet/SingleRpt/SingleRpt?search_topic=TSN&search_value=650601'}, ['Palpotachina']={rank='genus', parent='Tachinidae', link='Palpotachina', refs='https://www.gbif.org/species/1461396'}, ['Palpozenillia']={rank='genus', parent='Tachinidae', link='Palpozenillia', refs='https://www.gbif.org/species/1478330'}, ['Palthis']={rank='genus', parent='Herminiinae', link='Palthis'}, ['Paltothemis']={rank='genus', parent='Trithemistinae', link='Paltothemis'}, ['Paludavis']={rank='genus', parent='Balaenicipitidae', link='Paludavis', extinct=true}, ['Paludella']={rank='genus', parent='Meesiaceae', link='Paludella'}, ['Paludiavis']={rank='genus', parent='Balaenicipitidae', link='Paludiavis', extinct=true}, ['Paludicella']={rank='genus', parent='Paludicellidae', link='Paludicella', refs='{{cite WoRMS |author=Bock, P. |year=2021 |title=\'\'Paludicella\'\' |id=153727 |accessdate=11 September 2021 |db=Bryozoa}}'}, ['Paludicellidae']={rank='familia', parent='Ctenostomatida', link='Paludicellidae'}, ['Paludicellina']={rank='subordo', parent='Ctenostomata', link='Paludicellina'}, ['Paludicola']={rank='infraordo', parent='Tricladida', link='Paludicola (flatworm)|Paludicola'}, ['Paludidraco']={rank='genus', parent='Simosauridae', link='Paludidraco', refs='New highly pachyostotic nothosauroid interpreted as a filter-feeding Triassic marine reptile', extinct=true}, ['Paludipasser']={rank='genus', parent='Estrildidae', link='Locust finch|Paludipasser'}, ['Paludirex']={rank='genus', parent='Mekosuchinae', link='Paludirex', extinct=true}, ['Paludititan']={rank='genus', parent='Lithostrotia', link='Paludititan', extinct=true}, ['Paludomidae']={rank='familia', parent='Cerithioidea', link='Paludomidae'}, ['Palumbia']={rank='genus', parent='Temnostomina', link='Palumbia'}, ['Palumbia (subgenus)']={rank='subgenus', parent='Palumbia', link='Palumbia (subgenus)|Palumbia'}, ['Palusophis']={rank='genus', parent='Colubrinae', link='Palusophis bifossatus|Palusophis'}, ['Palustriella']={rank='genus', parent='Amblystegiaceae', link='Palustriella', refs='*{{cite web |last1=Goffinet |first1=B. |first2=W.R. |last2=Buck |title=Classification of extant moss genera |website=Classification of the Bryophyta |url=http://bryology.uconn.edu/classification/#BRYIDAE |access-date=1 May 2020}}'}, ['Palutrus']={rank='genus', parent='Gobiidae', link='Palutrus', refs='{{FishBase genus|genus=Palutrus|month=June|year=2018}}'}, ['Paluxysaurus']={rank='genus', parent='Brachiosauridae', link='Paluxysaurus', extinct=true}, ['Paluxysuchus']={rank='genus', parent='Neosuchia', link='Paluxysuchus', extinct=true}, ['Palvennia']={rank='genus', parent='Ophthalmosauridae', link='Palvennia', extinct=true}, ['Palyadini']={rank='tribus', parent='Ennominae', link='Palyadini', refs='https://www.itis.gov/servlet/SingleRpt/SingleRpt?search_topic=TSN&search_value=694293'}, ['Palystella']={rank='genus', parent='Sparassidae', link='Palystella'}, ['Palystes']={rank='genus', parent='Sparassidae', link='Palystes'}, ['Palythoa']={rank='genus', parent='Sphenopidae', link='Palythoa'}, ['Pambdelurion']={rank='genus', parent='Dinocaridida', link='Pambdelurion', extinct=true}, ['Pambikalbae']={rank='genus', parent='Siphonophorae', link='Pambikalbae'}, ['Pamburus']={rank='genus', parent='Aurantioideae', link='Pamburus', refs='{{Citation |last1=Appelhans |first1=Marc S. |last2=Bayly |first2=Michael J. |last3=Heslewood |first3=Margaret M. |last4=Groppo |first4=Milton |last5=Verboom |first5=G. Anthony |last6=Forster |first6=Paul I. |last7=Kallunki |first7=Jacquelyn A. |last8=Duretto |first8=Marco F. |date=2021 |title=A new subfamily classification of the \'\'Citrus\'\' family (Rutaceae) based on six nuclear and plastid markers |journal=Taxon |doi=10.1002/tax.12543 |name-list-style=amp }}'}, ['Pamelaescincus']={rank='genus', parent='Scincinae', link='Gardiner\'s burrowing skink|Pamelaescincus', refs='{{BioRef|reptileDB| taxon=Scincinae|access-date=10 October 2019}}'}, ['Pamelamyia']={rank='genus', parent='Platypezidae', link='Pamelamyia'}, ['Pamelaria']={rank='genus', parent='Allokotosauria', link='Pamelaria', extinct=true}, ['Pamelina']={rank='genus', parent='Kuehneosauridae', link='Pamelina', extinct=true}, ['Pamerarma']={rank='genus', parent='Myodochini', link='Pamerarma', refs='http://Lygaeoidea.speciesfile.org/Common/basic/Taxa.aspx?TaxonNameID=1215394'}, ['Pameridea']={rank='genus', parent='Dicyphini', link='Pameridea'}, ['Pamexis']={rank='genus', parent='Palparini', link='Pamexis'}, ['Pamianthe']={rank='genus', parent='Amaryllidoideae', link='Pamianthe'}, ['Pamillia']={rank='genus', parent='Ceratocapsini', link='Pamillia', refs='https://www.itis.gov/servlet/SingleRpt/SingleRpt?search_topic=TSN&search_value=105695'}, ['Pamiria']={rank='genus', parent='Polyommatini', link='Pamiria'}, ['Pamirioceras']={rank='genus', parent='Pamiritellinae', link='Pamirioceras', extinct=true}, ['Pamiritellinae']={rank='subfamilia', parent='Adrianitidae', link='Pamirioceras|Pamiritellinae', extinct=true}, ['Pamizinsaurus']={rank='genus', parent='Sphenodontidae', link='Pamizinsaurus'}, ['Pammene']={rank='genus', parent='Grapholitini', link='Pammene'}, ['Pampa']={rank='genus', parent='Trochilini', link='Pampa (bird)|Pampa'}, ['Pampadromaeus']={rank='genus', parent='Sauropodomorpha', link='Pampadromaeus', extinct=true}, ['Pampaphoneus']={rank='genus', parent='Syodontinae', link='Pampaphoneus', extinct=true}, ['Pamparaptor']={rank='genus', parent='Dromaeosauridae', link='Pamparaptor', extinct=true}, ['Pampatheriidae']={rank='familia', parent='Cingulata', link='Pampatheriidae', extinct=true}, ['Pampatherium']={rank='genus', parent='Pampatheriidae', link='Pampatherium', extinct=true}, ['Pamphagidae']={rank='familia', parent='Acridoidea', link='Pamphagidae', refs='https://www.itis.gov/servlet/SingleRpt/SingleRpt?search_topic=TSN&search_value=657477'}, ['Pamphaginae']={rank='subfamilia', parent='Pamphagidae', link='Pamphaginae', refs='http://orthoptera.speciesfile.org/Common/basic/Taxa.aspx?TaxonNameID=1116703'}, ['Pamphagini']={rank='tribus', parent='Pamphaginae', link='Pamphagini', refs='http://orthoptera.speciesfile.org/Common/basic/Taxa.aspx?TaxonNameID=1116759'}, ['Pamphagodidae']={rank='familia', parent='Acridoidea', link='Pamphagodidae', refs='http://orthoptera.speciesfile.org/Common/basic/Taxa.aspx?TaxonNameID=1118039'}, ['Pamphagus']={rank='genus', parent='Pamphagini', link='Pamphagus', refs='http://orthoptera.speciesfile.org/Common/basic/Taxa.aspx?TaxonNameID=1116851'}, ['Pamphiliidae']={rank='familia', parent='Pamphilioidea', link='Pamphiliidae'}, ['Pamphilioidea']={rank='superfamilia', parent='Symphyta', link='Pamphilioidea'}, ['Pamphilites']={rank='genus', parent='Hesperiinae', link='Pamphilites', extinct=true}, ['Pamphilius']={rank='genus', parent='Pamphiliidae', link='Pamphilius'}, ['Pamphlebia']={rank='genus', parent='Hemitheini', link='Pamphlebia'}, ['Pamphobeteus']={rank='genus', parent='Theraphosidae', link='Pamphobeteus', refs='{{citation |title=Gen. \'\'Pamphobeteus\'\' Pocock, 1901 |work=World Spider Catalog |publisher=Natural History Museum Bern |url=http://www.wsc.nmbe.ch/genus/3404 }}'}, ['Pamphorichthys']={rank='genus', parent='Poeciliini', link='Pamphorichthys'}, ['Pampus']={rank='genus', parent='Stromateidae', link='Pampus (fish)|Pampus', refs='{{FishBase genus|genus=Pampus|month=February|year-2018}}'}, ['Pampusana']={rank='genus', parent='Columbidae', link='Pampusana'}, ['Pan']={rank='genus', parent='Panina', link='Pan (genus)|Pan'}, ['Pan-Alcidae']={rank='clade', parent='Lari', link='Pan-Alcidae'}, ['Pan-Carnivora']={rank='clade', parent='Ferae', link='Pan-Carnivora|Pan-Carnivora', extinct='no'}, ['Pan-Euungulata']={rank='cladus', parent='Ferungulata', link='Pan-Euungulata'}, ['Pan-Pinnipedia']={rank='clade', parent='Arctoidea', link='Pan-Pinnipedia', refs='{{cite book |last1=de Queiroz |first1=K. |last2=Cantino |first2=P. D. |last3=Gauthier |first3=J. A. |title=Phylonyms: A Companion to the PhyloCode |date=2020 |publisher=CRC Press |isbn=0429821212}}'}, ['Pan-Primates']={rank='clade', parent='Primatomorpha', link='Pan-Primates', refs='{{cite journal |last1=Wilson Mantilla |first1=G. P. |last2=Chester |first2=S. G. B. |last3=Clemens |first3=W. A. |last4=Moore |first4=J. R. |last5=Sprain |first5=C. J. |last6=Hovatter |first6=B. T. |last7=Mitchell |first7=W. S. |last8=Mans |first8=W. W. |last9=Mundil |first9=R. |last10=Renne |first10=P. R. |title=Earliest Palaeocene purgatoriids and the initial radiation of stem primates |journal=Royal Society Open Science |date=2021 |volume=8 |issue=2 |pages=rsos.210050, 210050 |doi=10.1098/rsos.210050}}'}, ['Pan-pleurodira']={rank='clade', parent='Testudines', link='Pan-pleurodira', refs='{{cite journal| title=A Review of the Fossil Record of Turtles of the Clades Platychelyidae and Dortokidae | author1=Edwin Cadena | author2= Walter G. Joyce | url=https://www.paleoturtles.com/uploads/1/5/0/7/15071262/cadena2015review.pdf | journal=Bulletin of the Peabody Museum of Natural History. | doi=10.3374/014.056.0101 | year=2015}}', extinct='no', always_display='no'}, ['Panacea']={rank='genus', parent='Ageroniini', link='Panacea (butterfly)|Panacea'}, ['Panaceae']={rank='familia', parent='Polyporales', link='Panaceae'}, ['Panacela']={rank='genus', parent='Eupterotidae', link='Panacela'}, ['Panachraesta']={rank='genus', parent='Salticinae', link='Panachraesta', refs='{{Citation |last1=Maddison |first1=Wayne P. |title=A phylogenetic classification of jumping spiders (Araneae: Salticidae) |journal=Journal of Arachnology |date=2015 |volume=43 |issue=3 |pages=231–292 |doi=10.1636/arac-43-03-231-292}} – included in \'\'Myrmarachne\'\''}, ['Panaeolus']={rank='genus', parent='Bolbitiaceae', link='Panaeolus'}, ['Panaetia']={rank='genus', parent='Asteraceae', link='Panaetia'}, ['Panagaeinae']={rank='subfamilia', parent='Carabidae', link='Panagaeinae'}, ['Panagaeini']={rank='tribus', parent='Harpalinae', link='Panagaeini', refs='https://www.itis.gov/servlet/SingleRpt/SingleRpt?search_topic=TSN&search_value=931388'}, ['Panagaeus']={rank='genus', parent='Panagaeini', link='Panagaeus', refs='https://www.itis.gov/servlet/SingleRpt/SingleRpt?search_topic=TSN&search_value=111509'}, ['Panagrellus']={rank='genus', parent='Panagrolaimidae', link='Panagrellus'}, ['Panagrolaimida']={rank='ordo', parent='Chromadorea', link='Panagrolaimida'}, ['Panagrolaimidae']={rank='familia', parent='Panagrolaimoidea', link='Panagrolaimidae', refs='{{cite web|author1=|title=Turbatrix aceti|url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/Taxonomy/Browser/wwwtax.cgi?mode=Info&id=114909|website=NCBI taxonomy|publisher=National Center for Biotechnology Information|access-date=26 September 2018|location=Bethesda, MD|language=en|quote=Lineage(full) cellular organisms; Eukaryota; Opisthokonta; Metazoa; Eumetazoa; Bilateria; Protostomia; Ecdysozoa; Nematoda; Chromadorea; Rhabditida; Tylenchina; Panagrolaimomorpha; Panagrolaimoidea; Panagrolaimidae; Turbatrix }}'}, ['Panagrolaimoidea']={rank='superfamilia', parent='Panagrolaimomorpha', link='Panagrolaimoidea', refs='{{cite web|author1=|title=Turbatrix aceti|url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/Taxonomy/Browser/wwwtax.cgi?mode=Info&id=114909|website=NCBI taxonomy|publisher=National Center for Biotechnology Information|access-date=26 September 2018|location=Bethesda, MD|language=en|quote=Lineage(full) cellular organisms; Eukaryota; Opisthokonta; Metazoa; Eumetazoa; Bilateria; Protostomia; Ecdysozoa; Nematoda; Chromadorea; Rhabditida; Tylenchina; Panagrolaimomorpha; Panagrolaimoidea; Panagrolaimidae; Turbatrix }}'}, ['Panagrolaimomorpha']={rank='infraordo', parent='Tylenchina', link='Panagrolaimomorpha', refs='{{cite web|author1=|title=Turbatrix aceti|url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/Taxonomy/Browser/wwwtax.cgi?mode=Info&id=114909|website=NCBI taxonomy|publisher=National Center for Biotechnology Information|access-date=26 September 2018|location=Bethesda, MD|language=en|quote=Lineage(full) cellular organisms; Eukaryota; Opisthokonta; Metazoa; Eumetazoa; Bilateria; Protostomia; Ecdysozoa; Nematoda; Chromadorea; Rhabditida; Tylenchina; Panagrolaimomorpha; Panagrolaimoidea; Panagrolaimidae; Turbatrix }}'}, ['Panamacebus']={rank='genus', parent='Cebidae', link='Panamacebus', refs='{{cite LSA |last=Bloch |first=Jonathan I. |last2=Woodruff |first2=Emily D. |last3=Wood |first3=Aaron R. |last4=Rincón |first4=Aldo F. |last5=Harrington |first5=Arianna R. |last6=Morgan |first6=Gary S. |last7=Foster |first7=David A. |last8=Montes |first8=Camilo |last9=[[Carlos Jaramillo (geologist)|Jaramillo]] |first9=Carlos A., Nathan A. Jud, Douglas S. Jones, Bruce J. MacFadden |year=2016a |title=First North American fossil monkey and early Miocene tropical biotic interchange |url=https://www.researchgate.net/publication/301537062_First_North_American_fossil_monkey_and_early_Miocene_tropical_biotic_interchange |journal=[[Nature (journal)|Nature]] |volume=533 |issue=7602 |pages=243–246 |accessdate=2019-02-14}}', extinct=true}, ['Panamanthus']={rank='genus', parent='Loranthaceae', link='Panamanthus'}, ['Panamericansaurus']={rank='genus', parent='Aeolosaurini', link='Panamericansaurus', extinct=true}, ['Panamius']={rank='genus', parent='Heroini', link='Panamius', refs='{{cite journal|title=Diversity and evolution of the Middle American cichlid fishes (Teleostei: Cichlidae) with revised classification|last=Říčan|first= O.|last2= Piálek|first2= L.|last3= Dragová|first3= K. |last4= Novák|first4= J.|journal=Vertebrate Zoology|pages=1–102|volume=66|issue=1|year=2016|url=http://www.senckenberg.de/files/content/forschung/publikationen/vertebratezoology/vz66-1/01_vertebrate_zoology_66-1_rican_1-102.pdf|access-date=2019-01-25}}'}, ['Panamomops']={rank='genus', parent='Linyphiidae', link='Panamomops'}, ['Panaorus']={rank='genus', parent='Rhyparochromini', link='Panaorus', refs='https://www.gbif.org/species/4406646'}, ['Panaphantina']={rank='subtribus', parent='Trichonychini', link='Panaphantina'}, ['Panaphidina']={rank='subtribus', parent='Panaphidini', link='Panaphidina'}, ['Panaphidini']={rank='tribus', parent='Calaphidinae', link='Panaphidini'}, ['Panaqolus']={rank='genus', parent='Ancistrini', link='Panaqolus'}, ['Panaque']={rank='genus', parent='Ancistrini', link='Panaque'}, ['Panaretella']={rank='genus', parent='Sparassidae', link='Panaretella'}, ['Panarthropoda']={rank='unranked', parent='Ecdysozoa', link='Panarthropoda', refs='This is a grouping of three phyla that does not have a formal ranking in the Linnean system.'}, ['Panarthropoda/displayed']={always_display=true, same_as='Panarthropoda'}, ['Panaspis']={rank='genus', parent='Eugongylinae', link='Panaspis', refs='{{BioRef|reptileDB| taxon=Eugongylinae|access-date=10 October 2019}}'}, ['Panax']={rank='genus', parent='Aralioideae', link='Panax'}, ['Panax subg. Trifolius']={rank='subgenus', parent='Panax', link='Panax subg. Trifolius|P. subg. Trifolius'}, ['Pancalia']={rank='genus', parent='Antequerinae', link='Pancalia'}, ['Panchaetothripinae']={rank='subfamilia', parent='Thripidae', link='Panchaetothripinae', refs='https://www.itis.gov/servlet/SingleRpt/SingleRpt?search_topic=TSN&search_value=695013'}, ['Pancheloniidae']={rank='clade', parent='Panchelonioidea', link='Pancheloniidae'}, ['Panchelonioidea']={rank='clade', parent='Americhelydia', link='Panchelonioidea'}, ['Panchelonioidea/?']={same_as='Panchelonioidea'}, ['Panchelonyoidea']={rank='clade', parent='Polycryptodira', link='Panchelonyoidea'}, ['Pancheria']={rank='genus', parent='Cunoniaceae', link='Pancheria'}, ['Panchetocynodon']={rank='genus', parent='Brasilodontidae/?', link='Panchetocynodon', extinct=true}, ['Panchetosaurus']={rank='genus', parent='Trematosauridae', link='Panchetosaurus', extinct=true}, ['Panchlora']={rank='genus', parent='Panchlorinae', link='Panchlora'}, ['Panchlorinae']={rank='subfamilia', parent='Blaberidae', link='Panchlorinae'}, ['Panchrysia']={rank='genus', parent='Euchalciina', link='Panchrysia'}, ['Pancorius']={rank='genus', parent='Salticinae', link='Pancorius', refs='{{citation |last1=Maddison |first1=Wayne P. |title=A phylogenetic classification of jumping spiders (Araneae: Salticidae) |journal=Journal of Arachnology |date=2015 |volume=43 |issue=3 |pages=231–292 |doi=10.1636/arac-43-03-231-292}}'}, ['Pancovia']={rank='genus', parent='Sapindaceae', link='Pancovia'}, ['Pancratieae']={rank='tribus', parent='Amaryllidoideae', link='Pancratieae'}, ['Pancratium']={rank='genus', parent='Amaryllidoideae', link='Pancratium (plant)|Pancratium'}, ['Pancrustacea']={rank='clade', parent='Arthropoda', link='Pancrustacea'}, ['Pancryptobrancha']={rank='clade', parent='Urodela', link='Pancryptobrancha'}, ['Panda']={rank='genus', parent='Pandaceae', link='Panda oleosa|Panda'}, ['Pandaceae']={rank='familia', parent='Malpighiales', link='Pandaceae', refs='{{Cite journal|author=Angiosperm Phylogeny Group|year=2016|title=An update of the Angiosperm Phylogeny Group classification for the orders and families of flowering plants: APG IV|journal=Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society|volume=181|issue=1|pages=1–20|url=http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/boj.12385/epdf|format=PDF|issn=00244074|doi=10.1111/boj.12385}}'}, ['Pandaka']={rank='genus', parent='Gobionellinae', link='Pandaka (fish)|Pandaka', refs='{{FishBase genus|genus=Pandaka|month=June|year=2018}}'}, ['Pandalidae']={rank='familia', parent='Pandaloidea', link='Pandalidae', refs='WoRMS (2020). Pandalus Leach, 1814 [in Leach, 1813-1814]. Accessed at: http://marinespecies.org/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=107044 on 2020-03-05 Biota Animalia (Kingdom) Arthropoda (Phylum) Crustacea (Subphylum) Multicrustacea (Superclass) Malacostraca (Class) Eumalacostraca (Subclass) Eucarida (Superorder) Decapoda (Order) Pleocyemata (Suborder) Caridea (Infraorder) Pandaloidea (Superfamily) Pandalidae (Family) \'\'Pandalus\'\' (Genus)'}, ['Pandaloidea']={rank='superfamilia', parent='Caridea', link='Pandaloidea', refs='WoRMS (2020). Pandalus Leach, 1814 [in Leach, 1813-1814]. Accessed at: http://marinespecies.org/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=107044 on 2020-03-05 Biota Animalia (Kingdom) Arthropoda (Phylum) Crustacea (Subphylum) Multicrustacea (Superclass) Malacostraca (Class) Eumalacostraca (Subclass) Eucarida (Superorder) Decapoda (Order) Pleocyemata (Suborder) Caridea (Infraorder) Pandaloidea (Superfamily) Pandalidae (Family) \'\'Pandalus\'\' (Genus)'}, ['Pandalus']={rank='genus', parent='Pandalidae', link='Pandalus', refs='WoRMS (2020). Pandalus Leach, 1814 [in Leach, 1813-1814]. Accessed at: http://marinespecies.org/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=107044 on 2020-03-05 Biota Animalia (Kingdom) Arthropoda (Phylum) Crustacea (Subphylum) Multicrustacea (Superclass) Malacostraca (Class) Eumalacostraca (Subclass) Eucarida (Superorder) Decapoda (Order) Pleocyemata (Suborder) Caridea (Infraorder) Pandaloidea (Superfamily) Pandalidae (Family) \'\'Pandalus\'\' (Genus)'}, ['Pandanaceae']={rank='familia', parent='Pandanales', link='Pandanaceae', refs='{{Cite journal|author=Angiosperm Phylogeny Group|year=2016|title=An update of the Angiosperm Phylogeny Group classification for the orders and families of flowering plants: APG IV|journal=Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society|volume=181|issue=1|pages=1–20|url=http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/boj.12385/epdf|format=PDF|issn=00244074|doi=10.1111/boj.12385}}'}, ['Pandanales']={rank='ordo', parent='Monocots', link='Pandanales', refs='{{Cite journal|author=Angiosperm Phylogeny Group|year=2016|title=An update of the Angiosperm Phylogeny Group classification for the orders and families of flowering plants: APG IV|journal=Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society|volume=181|issue=1|pages=1–20|url=http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/boj.12385/epdf|format=PDF|issn=00244074|doi=10.1111/boj.12385}}'}, ['Pandanaris']={rank='genus', parent='Icteridae', link='Convex-billed cowbird|Pandanaris', refs='Miller 1947', extinct=true}, ['Pandanus']={rank='genus', parent='Pandanaceae', link='Pandanus'}, ['Pandanus sect. Acanthostyla']={rank='sectio', parent='Pandanus', link='Pandanus sect. Acanthostyla'}, ['Pandanus sect. Karuka']={rank='sectio', parent='Pandanus subg. Lophostigma', link='Pandanus sect. Karuka', refs='{{cite book |last1=Stone |first1=Benjamin C. |author-link1=Benjamin Clemens Stone |editor1-last=Gressitt |editor1-first=J. L. |title=Biogeography and Ecology of New Guinea |date=1982 |publisher=Springer |location=Dordrecht |isbn=978-94-009-8632-9 |pages=401–436 |language=en |chapter=7 New Guinea Pandanaceae: first approach to ecology and biogeography |volume=1 |oclc=5679030487 |doi=10.1007/978-94-009-8632-9_17|series=Monographiae Biologicae }}'}, ['Pandanus subg. Lophostigma']={rank='subgenus', parent='Pandanus', link='Pandanus subg. Lophostigma', refs='{{cite book |last1=Stone |first1=Benjamin C. |author-link1=Benjamin Clemens Stone |editor1-last=Gressitt |editor1-first=J. L. |title=Biogeography and Ecology of New Guinea |date=1982 |publisher=Springer |location=Dordrecht |isbn=978-94-009-8632-9 |pages=401–436 |language=en |chapter=7 New Guinea Pandanaceae: first approach to ecology and biogeography |volume=1 |oclc=5679030487 |doi=10.1007/978-94-009-8632-9_17|series=Monographiae Biologicae }}'}, ['Pandanus subsect. Karuka']={rank='subsectio', parent='Pandanus sect. Karuka', link='Pandanus subsect. Karuka', refs='{{cite journal |last1=Stone |first1=Benjamin Clemens |author-link1=Benjamin Clemens Stone |title=\'\'Pandanus\'\' from Ok Tedi region, Papua New Guinea, collected by Debra Donoghue |journal=Economic Botany |date=July 1984 |volume=38 |issue=3 |pages=304–313 |doi=10.1007/BF02859008 |language=en |issn=1874-9364 |oclc=7025621147}}'}, ['Pandaridae']={rank='familia', parent='Siphonostomatoida', link='Pandaridae'}, ['Pandaros']={rank='genus', parent='Microcioninae', link='Pandaros (sponge)|Pandaros'}, ['Pandava']={rank='genus', parent='Titanoecidae', link='Pandava (spider)|Pandava'}, ['Pandea']={rank='genus', parent='Pandeidae', link='Pandea (hydrozoan)|Pandea'}, ['Pandeidae']={rank='familia', parent='Filifera', link='Pandeidae'}, ['Pandeleteinus']={rank='genus', parent='Tanymecini', link='Pandeleteinus', refs='https://www.itis.gov/servlet/SingleRpt/SingleRpt?search_topic=TSN&search_value=616970'}, ['Pandeleteius']={rank='genus', parent='Curculionidae', link='Pandeleteius', refs='https://www.itis.gov/servlet/SingleRpt/SingleRpt?search_topic=TSN&search_value=616971'}, ['Pandelleia']={rank='genus', parent='Tachinidae', link='Pandelleia', refs='https://www.gbif.org/species/1460353'}, ['Pandemis']={rank='genus', parent='Archipini', link='Pandemis', refs='https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/Taxonomy/Browser/wwwtax.cgi?mode=Info&id=192190'}, ['Pandemos']={rank='genus', parent='Nymphidiini', link='Pandemos (butterfly)|Pandemos', refs='https://www.nhm.ac.uk/our-science/data/butmoth/search/GenusDetails.dsml?NUMBER=21214.0'}, ['Pandercetes']={rank='genus', parent='Sparassidae', link='Pandercetes', refs='{{cite web| title=Gen. Pandercetes L. Koch, 1875| website=World Spider Catalog Version 20.0| access-date=2019-11-13| year=2019| publisher=Natural History Museum Bern| url=http://www.wsc.nmbe.ch/genus/3138| doi=10.24436/2}}'}, ['Panderevela']={rank='genus', parent='Costasiellidae', link='Panderevela'}, ['Panderichthyidae']={rank='familia', parent='Elpistostegalia', link='Panderichthyidae', extinct=true}, ['Panderichthys']={rank='genus', parent='Panderichthyidae', link='Panderichthys', extinct=true}, ['Pandermochelys']={rank='clade', parent='Dermochelyoidae', link='Pandermochelys'}, ['Pandesma']={rank='genus', parent='Pandesmini', link='Pandesma'}, ['Pandesmini']={rank='tribus', parent='Erebinae', link='Pandesmini'}, ['Pandiaka']={rank='genus', parent='Amaranthaceae', link='Pandiaka'}, ['Pandinus']={rank='genus', parent='Scorpioninae', link='Pandinus'}, ['Pandion']={rank='genus', parent='Pandionidae', link='Pandion (bird)|Pandion'}, ['Pandionidae']={rank='familia', parent='Accipitriformes', link='Pandion (bird)|Pandionidae'}, ['Pandisus']={rank='genus', parent='Asemoneinae', link='Pandisus', refs='{{Citation |last1=Maddison |first1=Wayne P. |title=A phylogenetic classification of jumping spiders (Araneae: Salticidae) |journal=Journal of Arachnology |date=2015 |volume=43 |issue=3 |pages=231–292 |doi=10.1636/arac-43-03-231-292}}'}, ['Pandivirilia']={rank='genus', parent='Therevidae', link='Pandivirilia'}, ['Pandoravenator']={rank='genus', parent='Tetanurae', link='Pandoravenator', refs='http://www.ameghiniana.org.ar/index.php/ameghiniana/article/view/3105', extinct=true}, ['Pandorea']={rank='genus', parent='Tecomeae', link='Pandorea', refs='{{cite journal|last1=Olmstead|first1=Richard G.|last2=Zjhra|first2=Michelle L.|last3=Lohmann|first3=Lúcia G.|last4=Grose|first4=Susan O.|last5=Eckert|first5=Andrew J.|title=A molecular phylogeny and classification of Bignoniaceae|journal=American Journal of Botany|volume=96|issue=9|year=2009|pages=1731–1743|issn=00029122|doi=10.3732/ajb.0900004}}'}, ['Pandoridae']={rank='familia', parent='Pandoroidea', link='Pandoridae'}, ['Pandorina']={rank='genus', parent='Volvocaceae', link='Pandorina'}, ['Pandoroidea']={rank='superfamilia', parent='Anomalodesmata', link='Pandoroidea'}, ['Pandosentis']={rank='genus', parent='Neoechinorhynchidae', link='Pandosentis'}, ['Panegyra']={rank='genus', parent='Tortricini', link='Panegyra'}, ['Pangaeus']={rank='genus', parent='Cydninae', link='Pangaeus (bug)|Pangaeus', refs='https://www.itis.gov/servlet/SingleRpt/SingleRpt?search_topic=TSN&search_value=108599'}, ['Pangalliformes']={rank='clade', parent='Galloanserae', link='Pangalliformes'}, ['Pangalloanserae']={rank='clade', parent='Neognathae', link='Pangalloanserae'}, ['Pangasella']={rank='genus', parent='Tephritini', link='Pangasella'}, ['Pangasianodon']={rank='genus', parent='Pangasiidae', link='Pangasianodon'}, ['Pangasiidae']={rank='familia', parent='Arioidea', link='Shark catfish|Pangasiidae'}, ['Pangasius']={rank='genus', parent='Pangasiidae', link='Pangasius'}, ['Pangerpeton']={rank='genus', parent='Cryptobranchoidea', link='Pangerpeton', extinct=true}, ['Pangio']={rank='genus', parent='Cobitidae', link='Pangio'}, ['Pangium']={rank='genus', parent='Achariaceae', link='Pangium'}, ['Pangolinisis']={rank='genus', parent='Isididae', link='Pangolinisis'}, ['Pangoniinae']={rank='subfamilia', parent='Tabanidae', link='Pangoniinae', refs='https://www.itis.gov/servlet/SingleRpt/SingleRpt?search_topic=TSN&search_value=130935'}, ['Pangoniini']={rank='tribus', parent='Pangoniinae', link='Pangoniini', refs='https://www.itis.gov/servlet/SingleRpt/SingleRpt?search_topic=TSN&search_value=130936'}, ['Pangonius']={rank='genus', parent='Pangoniini', link='Pangonius', refs='Latreille, 1802'}, ['Pangora']={rank='genus', parent='Spilosomina', link='Pangora'}, ['Pangrapta']={rank='genus', parent='Pangraptinae', link='Pangrapta'}, ['Pangraptinae']={rank='subfamilia', parent='Erebidae', link='Pangraptinae'}, ['Pangshura']={rank='genus', parent='Geoemydinae', link='Pangshura', refs='{{cite journal | url = http://www.iucn-tftsg.org/wp-content/uploads/file/Accounts/crm_5_000_checklist_v3_2010.pdf | title = Turtles of the world, 2010 update: Annotated checklist of taxonomy, synonymy, distribution and conservation status |journal=Chelonian Research Monographs|volume=5 |date=2010-12-14 |author1=Rhodin, Anders G.J. |author2=van Dijk, Peter Paul |author3=Inverson, John B. |author4=Shaffer, H. Bradley |pages=000.112-000.115| archive-url = https://www.webcitation.org/5uzfktoIh | archive-date = 2010-12-15 | doi=10.3854/crm.5.000.checklist.v3.2010}}'}, ['Pangupterus']={rank='genus', parent='Pterodactyloidea', link='Pangupterus', extinct=true}, ['Panguraptor']={rank='genus', parent='Coelophysidae', link='Panguraptor', extinct=true}, ['Paniceae']={rank='tribus', parent='Panicodae', link='Paniceae', refs='{{cite journal|last1=Soreng|first1=Robert J.|last2=Peterson|first2=Paul M.|last3=Romaschenko|first3=Konstantin|last4=Davidse|first4=Gerrit|last5=Teisher|first5=Jordan K.|last6=Clark|first6=Lynn G.|last7=Barberá|first7=Patricia|last8=Gillespie|first8=Lynn J.|last9=Zuloaga|first9=Fernando O.|title=A worldwide phylogenetic classification of the Poaceae (Gramineae) II: An update and a comparison of two 2015 classifications|journal=Journal of Systematics and Evolution|volume=55|issue=4|year=2017|pages=259–290|issn=16744918|doi=10.1111/jse.12262}}'}, ['Panicinae']={rank='subtribus', parent='Paniceae', link='Panicinae', refs='{{cite journal|last1=Soreng|first1=Robert J.|last2=Peterson|first2=Paul M.|last3=Romaschenko|first3=Konstantin|last4=Davidse|first4=Gerrit|last5=Teisher|first5=Jordan K.|last6=Clark|first6=Lynn G.|last7=Barberá|first7=Patricia|last8=Gillespie|first8=Lynn J.|last9=Zuloaga|first9=Fernando O.|title=A worldwide phylogenetic classification of the Poaceae (Gramineae) II: An update and a comparison of two 2015 classifications|journal=Journal of Systematics and Evolution|volume=55|issue=4|year=2017|pages=259–290|issn=16744918|doi=10.1111/jse.12262}}'}, ['Panicodae']={rank='supertribus', parent='Panicoideae', link='Paniceae|Panicodae', refs='{{cite journal|last1=Soreng|first1=Robert J.|last2=Peterson|first2=Paul M.|last3=Romaschenko|first3=Konstantin|last4=Davidse|first4=Gerrit|last5=Teisher|first5=Jordan K.|last6=Clark|first6=Lynn G.|last7=Barberá|first7=Patricia|last8=Gillespie|first8=Lynn J.|last9=Zuloaga|first9=Fernando O.|title=A worldwide phylogenetic classification of the Poaceae (Gramineae) II: An update and a comparison of two 2015 classifications|journal=Journal of Systematics and Evolution|volume=55|issue=4|year=2017|pages=259–290|issn=16744918|doi=10.1111/jse.12262}}'}, ['Panicoideae']={rank='subfamilia', parent='PACMAD clade', link='Panicoideae', refs='{{cite journal|last1=Soreng|first1=Robert J.|last2=Peterson|first2=Paul M.|last3=Romaschenko|first3=Konstantin|last4=Davidse|first4=Gerrit|last5=Teisher|first5=Jordan K.|last6=Clark|first6=Lynn G.|last7=Barberá|first7=Patricia|last8=Gillespie|first8=Lynn J.|last9=Zuloaga|first9=Fernando O.|title=A worldwide phylogenetic classification of the Poaceae (Gramineae) II: An update and a comparison of two 2015 classifications|journal=Journal of Systematics and Evolution|volume=55|issue=4|year=2017|pages=259–290|issn=16744918|doi=10.1111/jse.12262}}', always_display=true}, ['Panicovirus']={rank='genus', parent='Procedovirinae', link='Panicovirus', refs='{{cite web|url=https://talk.ictvonline.org/taxonomy/|title=Virus Taxonomy: 2019 Release|last=|first=|date=|website=talk.ictvonline.org|publisher=International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses|access-date=29 April 2020|quote=}}', always_display=true}, ['Panicum']={rank='genus', parent='Panicinae', link='Panicum', refs='{{cite journal|last1=Soreng|first1=Robert J.|last2=Peterson|first2=Paul M.|last3=Romaschenko|first3=Konstantin|last4=Davidse|first4=Gerrit|last5=Teisher|first5=Jordan K.|last6=Clark|first6=Lynn G.|last7=Barberá|first7=Patricia|last8=Gillespie|first8=Lynn J.|last9=Zuloaga|first9=Fernando O.|title=A worldwide phylogenetic classification of the Poaceae (Gramineae) II: An update and a comparison of two 2015 classifications|journal=Journal of Systematics and Evolution|volume=55|issue=4|year=2017|pages=259–290|issn=16744918|doi=10.1111/jse.12262}}'}, ['Paniegekko']={rank='genus', parent='Diplodactylidae', link='Paniegekko'}, ['Panimerus']={rank='genus', parent='Psychodidae', link='Panimerus'}, ['Panina']={rank='subtribus', parent='Hominini', link='Pan (genus)|Panina'}, ['Panini']={rank='tribus', parent='Homininae', link='Pan (genus)|Panini'}, ['Paniscomima']={rank='genus', parent='Rhopalosomatidae', link='Paniscomima'}, ['Panisea']={rank='genus', parent='Coelogyninae', link='Panisea', refs='{{cite journal|last1=Chase|first1=Mark W.|last2=Cameron|first2=Kenneth M.|last3=Freudenstein|first3=John V.|last4=Pridgeon|first4=Alec M.|last5=Salazar|first5=Gerardo|last6=van den Berg|first6=Cássio|last7=Schuiteman|first7=André|title=An updated classification of Orchidaceae|journal=Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society|volume=177|issue=2|year=2015|pages=151–174|issn=00244074|doi=10.1111/boj.12234}}'}, ['Panjange']={rank='genus', parent='Pholcidae', link='Panjange'}, ['Panka']={rank='genus', parent='Cicadidae', link='Panka (cicada)|Panka', refs='http://www.catalogueoflife.org/col/browse/tree/id/2db16978f314ecd48d9723c8224c950c'}, ['Panna']={rank='genus', parent='Sciaenidae', link='Panna (fish)|Panna'}, ['Pannaria']={rank='genus', parent='Pannariaceae', link='Pannaria', refs='https://www.catalogueoflife.org/data/taxon/6D92'}, ['Pannariaceae']={rank='familia', parent='Peltigerales', link='Pannariaceae', refs='http://www.catalogueoflife.org/col/browse/tree/id/ae9f6e00ec412027c849291c69dc0450'}, ['Pannoniasaurus']={rank='genus', parent='Tethysaurinae', link='Pannoniasaurus', extinct=true}, ['Pannonictis']={rank='genus', parent='Ictonychinae', link='Pannonictis', extinct=true}, ['Pannoparmelia']={rank='genus', parent='Parmeliaceae', link='Pannoparmelia', refs='http://www.catalogueoflife.org/col/browse/tree/id/20eee172a01d49a490f66f614dcc4cc8'}, ['Pannota']={rank='subordo', parent='Ephemeroptera', link='Pannota'}, ['Pannychia']={rank='genus', parent='Laetmogonidae', link='Pannychia'}, ['Panoa']={rank='genus', parent='Desidae', link='Panoa'}, ['Panobius']={rank='genus', parent='Cercamoniinae', link='Panobius', extinct=true}, ['Panochthus']={rank='genus', parent='Glyptodontinae', link='Panochthus', extinct=true}, ['Panogena']={rank='genus', parent='Sphingini', link='Panogena'}, ['Panolia']={rank='genus', parent='Cervinae', link='Eld\'s deer|Panolia'}, ['Panolis']={rank='genus', parent='Orthosiini', link='Panolis'}, ['Panonychus']={rank='genus', parent='Tetranychinae', link='Panonychus', refs='http://www.catalogueoflife.org/col/browse/tree/id/d07241b4565f1f5e697e10deb135f492'}, ['Panopa']={rank='genus', parent='Mabuyinae', link='Panopa', refs='{{BioRef|reptileDB| taxon=Mabuyinae|access-date=10 October 2019}}'}, ['Panopea']={rank='genus', parent='Hiatellidae', link='Panopea (bivalve)|Panopea'}, ['Panopeidae']={rank='familia', parent='Xanthoidea', link='Panopeidae'}, ['Panopeus']={rank='genus', parent='Panopeidae', link='Panopeus (genus)|Panopeus'}, ['Panopinae']={rank='subfamilia', parent='Acroceridae', link='Panopinae', refs='https://www.itis.gov/servlet/SingleRpt/SingleRpt?search_topic=TSN&search_value=134038'}, ['Panoplosaurus']={rank='genus', parent='Nodosauridae', link='Panoplosaurus', extinct=true}, ['Panoploscelis']={rank='genus', parent='Eucocconotini', link='Panoploscelis', refs='Scudder, 1869'}, ['Panopoda']={rank='genus', parent='Eulepidotinae', link='Panopoda'}, ['Panopodini']={rank='tribus', parent='Eulepidotinae', link='Panopodini'}, ['Panops']={rank='genus', parent='Panopinae', link='Panops', refs='{{cite journal|last=Winterton|first=S. L.|year=2012|title=Review of Australasian spider flies (Diptera, Acroceridae) with a revision of Panops Lamarck|journal=[[ZooKeys]]|volume=172|pages=7–75|doi=10.3897/zookeys.172.1889|pmc=3307363|pmid=22448114}}'}, ['Panopsis']={rank='genus', parent='Macadamiinae', link='Panopsis'}, ['Panoquina']={rank='genus', parent='Hesperiinae', link='Panoquina', refs='https://www.itis.gov/servlet/SingleRpt/SingleRpt?search_topic=TSN&search_value=706438'}, ['Panorhynchidae']={rank='familia', parent='Heteronemertea', link='Panorhynchus|Panorhynchidae'}, ['Panorhynchus']={rank='genus', parent='Panorhynchidae', link='Panorhynchus'}, ['Panorpa']={rank='genus', parent='Panorpidae', link='Panorpa'}, ['Panorpida']={rank='superordo', parent='Endopterygota', link='Panorpida'}, ['Panorpidae']={rank='familia', parent='Panorpoidea', link='Panorpidae'}, ['Panorpodes']={rank='genus', parent='Panorpodidae', link='Panorpodes'}, ['Panorpodidae']={rank='familia', parent='Panorpoidea', link='Panorpodidae'}, ['Panorpoidea']={rank='superfamilia', parent='Mecoptera', link='Panorpoidea'}, ['Panorthoptera']={rank='unranked', parent='Orthopterida', link='Panorthoptera'}, ['Panotariidae']={rank='clade', parent='Otarioidea', link='Otarioidea|Panotariidae'}, ['Panphagia']={rank='genus', parent='Sauropodomorpha', link='Panphagia', extinct=true}, ['Panpulmonata']={rank='subcohort', parent='Tectipleura', link='Panpulmonata', refs='Philippe Bouchet, Jean-Pierre Rocroi, Bernhard Hausdorf, Andrzej Kaim, Yasunori Kano, Alexander Nützel, Pavel Parkhaev, Michael Schrödl and Ellen E. Strong. 2017. \'\'[http://www.bioone.org/doi/abs/10.4002/040.061.0201?journalCode=mala Revised Classification, Nomenclator and Typification of Gastropod and Monoplacophoran Families]\'\'. [[Malacologia]], 61(1-2): 1-526'}, ['Panraogallus']={rank='genus', parent='Phasianidae', link='Panraogallus', extinct=true}, ['Panscopus']={rank='genus', parent='Curculionidae', link='Panscopus', refs='https://www.itis.gov/servlet/SingleRpt/SingleRpt?search_topic=TSN&search_value=616972'}, ['Panstrongylus']={rank='genus', parent='Triatomini', link='Panstrongylus'}, ['Pantacantha']={rank='genus', parent='Solanaceae', link='Pantacantha'}, ['Pantachogon']={rank='genus', parent='Rhopalonematidae', link='Pantachogon'}, ['Pantachordodes']={rank='genus', parent='Chordodidae', link='Pantachordodes'}, ['Pantadenia']={rank='genus', parent='Codiaeae', link='Pantadenia'}, ['Pantala']={rank='genus', parent='Trameini', link='Pantala'}, ['Pantana']={rank='genus', parent='Orgyiini', link='Pantana'}, ['Pantanodon']={rank='genus', parent='Procatopodini', link='Pantanodon'}, ['Pantarbes']={rank='genus', parent='Cythereinae', link='Pantarbes', refs='https://www.itis.gov/servlet/SingleRpt/SingleRpt?search_topic=TSN&search_value=134916'}, ['Pantelosaurus']={rank='genus', parent='Palaeohatteriidae', link='Pantelosaurus', extinct=true}, ['Panteniphis']={rank='genus', parent='Ascidae', link='Panteniphis', refs='https://www.gbif.org/species/4406545'}, ['Pantepuisaurus']={rank='genus', parent='Gymnophthalmidae', link='Pantepuisaurus'}, ['Panterpe']={rank='genus', parent='Lampornithini', link='Fiery-throated hummingbird|Panterpe', always_display=true}, ['Pantestudines']={rank='clade', parent='Sauria', link='Pantestudines'}, ['Pantestudines/?']={same_as='Pantestudines'}, ['Pantestudinidae']={rank='unranked', parent='Testudinoidea', link='Pantestudinidae', refs='E. Vlachos. 2018. A Review of the Fossil Record of North American Turtles of the Clade Pan-Testudinoidea. Bulletin of the Yale Peabody Museum of Natural History 59(1):3-94 [E. Vlachos/E. Vlachos/E. Vlachos]', extinct=true}, ['Pantestudinoidea']={rank='clade', parent='Durocryptodira', link='Testudinoidea|Pantestudinoidea'}, ['Panthasaurus']={rank='genus', parent='Metoposauridae', link='Panthasaurus', extinct=true}, ['Panthea']={rank='genus', parent='Pantheinae', link='Panthea'}, ['Pantheinae']={rank='subfamilia', parent='Noctuidae', link='Pantheinae', refs='https://www.itis.gov/servlet/SingleRpt/SingleRpt?search_topic=TSN&search_value=694097'}, ['Panthera']={rank='genus', parent='Pantherinae', link='Panthera'}, ['Pantherinae']={rank='subfamilia', parent='Felidae', link='Pantherinae', refs='{{MSW3 Carnivora |id = 14000220}}', always_display=true}, ['Pantherophis']={rank='genus', parent='Lampropeltini', link='Pantherophis'}, ['Pantholopinae']={rank='subfamilia', parent='Bovidae', link='Tibethan antelope|Pantholopinae', refs='[[Tibetan antelope]]'}, ['Pantholops']={rank='genus', parent='Pantholopinae', link='Tibetan antelope|Pantholops', refs='[[Tibetan antelope]]'}, ['Pantilius']={rank='genus', parent='Miridae', link='Pantilius'}, ['Pantodactylus']={rank='genus', parent='Gymnophthalmidae', link='Pantodactylus'}, ['Pantodon']={rank='genus', parent='Pantodontidae', link='Freshwater butterflyfish|Pantodon'}, ['Pantodonta']={rank='subordo', parent='Cimolesta', link='Pantodonta', extinct=true}, ['Pantodontidae']={rank='familia', parent='Osteoglossiformes', link='Freshwater butterflyfish|Pantodontidae'}, ['Pantographa']={rank='genus', parent='Crambidae', link='Pantographa'}, ['Pantolabus']={rank='genus', parent='Caranginae', link='Fringefin trevally|Pantolabus'}, ['Pantolambda']={rank='genus', parent='Pantolambdidae', link='Pantolambda', extinct=true}, ['Pantolambdidae']={rank='familia', parent='Pantolambdoidea', link='Pantolambdidae', extinct=true}, ['Pantolambdoidea']={rank='superfamilia', parent='Pantodonta', link='Pantolambdoidea', extinct=true}, ['Pantolesta']={rank='subordo', parent='Cimolesta', link='Pantolesta', extinct=true}, ['Pantolestidae']={rank='familia', parent='Pantolesta', link='Pantolestidae', extinct=true}, ['Pantomorus']={rank='genus', parent='Naupactini', link='Pantomorus', refs='https://www.itis.gov/servlet/SingleRpt/SingleRpt?search_topic=TSN&search_value=616973'}, ['Pantophaea']={rank='genus', parent='Sphingini', link='Pantophaea'}, ['Pantophthalmidae']={rank='familia', parent='Stratiomyoidea', link='Pantophthalmidae'}, ['Pantopoda']={rank='ordo', parent='Pycnogonida', link='Sea spider|Pantopoda', refs='https://www.itis.gov/servlet/SingleRpt/SingleRpt?search_topic=TSN&search_value=83546'}, ['Pantoporia']={rank='genus', parent='Neptini', link='Pantoporia', refs='https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/Taxonomy/Browser/wwwtax.cgi?mode=Info&id=412148'}, ['Pantopsalis']={rank='genus', parent='Monoscutidae', refs='Taylor, C. K. (2004). \"New Zealand harvestmen of the subfamily Megalopsalidinae (Opiliones: Monoscutidae) - the genus Pantopsalis\". Tuhinga 15: 53-76.'}, ['Pantosaurus']={rank='genus', parent='Cryptoclididae', link='Pantosaurus', extinct=true}, ['Panturichthys']={rank='genus', parent='Heterenchelyidae', link='Panturichthys'}, ['Pantydia']={rank='genus', parent='Euclidiini', link='Pantydia'}, ['Pantydraco']={rank='genus', parent='Sauropodomorpha', link='Pantydraco', extinct=true}, ['Pantylidae']={rank='familia', parent='Recumbirostra', link='Pantylidae', extinct=true}, ['Pantylus']={rank='genus', parent='Pantylidae', link='Pantylus', extinct=true}, ['Pantyrannosauria']={rank='clade', parent='Tyrannosauroidea', link='Pantyrannosauria', extinct=true}, ['Panula']={rank='genus', parent='Melipotini', link='Panula (moth)|Panula'}, ['Panulirus']={rank='genus', parent='Palinuridae', link='Panulirus'}, ['Panurginae']={rank='subfamilia', parent='Andrenidae', link='Panurginae'}, ['Panurgini']={rank='tribus', parent='Panurginae', link='Panurgini', refs='https://www.itis.gov/servlet/SingleRpt/SingleRpt?search_topic=TSN&search_value=633976'}, ['Panurginus']={rank='genus', parent='Panurgini', link='Panurginus', refs='https://www.itis.gov/servlet/SingleRpt/SingleRpt?search_topic=TSN&search_value=634252'}, ['Panurgus']={rank='genus', parent='Panurginae', link='Panurgus'}, ['Panuridae']={rank='familia', parent='Sylvioidea', link='Bearded reedling|Panuridae'}, ['Panurus']={rank='genus', parent='Panuridae', link='Bearded reedling|Panurus'}, ['Panus']={rank='genus', parent='Panaceae', link='Panus'}, ['Panxiosteidae']={rank='familia', parent='Dunkleosteoidea', link='Panxiosteidae', extinct=true}, ['Panyptila']={rank='genus', parent='Apodini', link='Panyptila'}, ['Panysinus']={rank='genus', parent='Salticinae', link='Panysinus', refs='{{citation |last1=Maddison |first1=Wayne P. |title=A phylogenetic classification of jumping spiders (Araneae: Salticidae) |journal=Journal of Arachnology |date=2015 |volume=43 |issue=3 |pages=231–292 |doi=10.1636/arac-43-03-231-292}}'}, ['Panzeria']={rank='genus', parent='Ernestiini', link='Panzeria'}, ['Panzerina']={rank='genus', parent='Lamioideae', link='Panzerina'}, ['Pao']={rank='genus', parent='Tetraodontinae', link='Pao (fish)|Pao'}, ['Paolaura']={rank='genus', parent='Granulinidae', link='Paolaura'}, ['Paoligena']={rank='genus', parent='Paoligenini', link='Paoligena'}, ['Paoligenini']={rank='tribus', parent='Tenebrioninae', link='Paoligena|Paoligenini', refs='https://zookeys.pensoft.net/article/64217/'}, ['Paoliida']={rank='ordo', parent='Neoptera', link='Paoliida', extinct=true}, ['Paoliidae']={rank='familia', parent='Paoliida', link='Paoliidae', extinct=true}, ['Paonias']={rank='genus', parent='Smerinthini', link='Paonias'}, ['Paota']={rank='genus', parent='Sterrhini', link='Paota', refs='https://www.itis.gov/servlet/SingleRpt/SingleRpt?search_topic=TSN&search_value=941550'}, ['Papagomys']={rank='genus', parent='Murinae', link='Papagomys'}, ['Papaipema']={rank='genus', parent='Apameini', link='Papaipema', refs='https://www.itis.gov/servlet/SingleRpt/SingleRpt?search_topic=TSN&search_value=117445'}, ['Papakula']={rank='genus', parent='Pisauridae', link='Papakula'}, ['Papallacta']={rank='genus', parent='Medeterinae', link='Papallacta (fly)|Papallacta', refs='{{cite journal|last=Bickel|first=D.|year=2006|title=Papallacta (Diptera: Dolichopodidae), a new stenopterous genus from the páramo of Ecuador|url=http://www.nev.nl/tve/pdf/te0149209.pdf|journal=Tijdschrift voor Entomologie|volume=149|pages=209–213}}'}, ['Papanivirus']={rank='genus', parent='Incertae sedis/Riboviria', link='Papanivirus', refs='{{cite web |title=Virus Taxonomy: 2018b Release |url=https://talk.ictvonline.org/taxonomy/ |website=International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses (ICTV) |access-date=12 March 2019 |language=en |date=February 2019}}'}, ['Papanteles']={rank='genus', parent='Microgastrinae', link='Papanteles', refs='https://www.gbif.org/species/1253858'}, ['Papasula']={rank='genus', parent='Sulidae', link='Abbott\'s booby|Papasula'}, } function p.get_taxon(taxon) return list[taxon] end return p
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