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== What's the news? == | == What's the news? == | ||
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== How does the news impact the | == How does the news impact the investment thesis of the company? == | ||
Revision as of 22:25, 13 February 2024
What's the news?
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How does the news impact the investment thesis of the company?
Forecasts
Year | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 | 11 | 12 | 13 | 14 | 15 | 16 | 17 | 18 | 18 | 19 | 20 | 21 | 22 | 23 | 24 | 25 | 26 | 27 | 28 | 29 | 30 | 31 | 32 | 33 | 34 | 35 | 36 | 37 | 38 | 39 | 40 | 41 | 42 | 43 | 44 | 45 | 46 | 47 | 48 | 49 | 50 | 51 | 52 | 53 | 54 | 55 | 56 | 57 | 58 | 59 |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Year end date | 31/12/2005 | 31/12/2006[3][4] | 31/12/2007 | 31/12/2008 | 31/12/2009 | 31/12/2010[4] | 31/12/2011[4] | 31/12/2012[4] | 31/12/2013[4] | 31/12/2014[4] | 31/12/2015[4] | 31/12/2016[4] | 31/12/2017[4] | 31/12/2018[4] | 31/12/2019[4] | 31/12/2020[4] | 31/12/2021[4] | 31/12/2022 | 31/12/2022 | 31/12/2023 | 31/12/2024 | 31/12/2025 | 31/12/2026 | 31/12/2027 | 31/12/2028 | 31/12/2029 | 31/12/2030 | 31/12/2031 | 31/12/2032 | 31/12/2033 | 31/12/2034 | 31/12/2035 | 31/12/2036 | 31/12/2037 | 31/12/2038 | 31/12/2039 | 31/12/2040 | 31/12/2041 | 31/12/2042 | 31/12/2043 | 31/12/2044 | 31/12/2045 | 31/12/2046 | 31/12/2047 | 31/12/2048 | 31/12/2049 | 31/12/2050 | 31/12/2051 | 31/12/2052 | 31/12/2053 | 31/12/2054 | 31/12/2055 | 31/12/2056 | 31/12/2057 | 31/12/2058 | 31/12/2059 | 31/12/2060 | 31/12/2061 | 31/12/2062 | 31/12/2063 |
Historic | Historic | Historic | Historic | Historic | Historic | Historic | Historic | Historic | Historic | Historic | Historic | Historic | Historic | Historic | Historic | Historic | Historic | Forecast | Forecast | Forecast | Forecast | Forecast | Forecast | Forecast | Forecast | Forecast | Forecast | Forecast | Forecast | Forecast | Forecast | Forecast | Forecast | Forecast | Forecast | Forecast | Forecast | Forecast | Forecast | Forecast | Forecast | Forecast | Forecast | Forecast | Forecast | Forecast | Forecast | Forecast | Forecast | Forecast | Forecast | Forecast | Forecast | Forecast | Forecast | Forecast | Forecast | Forecast | ||
Income statement
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Revenues ($'million) | 0 | 0 | 0.073 | 15 | 112 | 117 | 204 | 413 | 2,013 | 3,198 | 4,046 | 7,000 | 11,759 | 21,461 | 24,578 | 31,536 | 53,823 | 81,462 | $78,935 | $112,257 | $154,816 | $207,049 | $268,527 | $337,721 | $411,894 | $487,157 | $558,739 | $621,448 | $670,282 | $701,078 | $711,102 | $699,445 | $667,163 | $617,116 | $553,551 | $481,510 | $406,171 | $332,253 | $263,564 | $202,749 | $151,247 | $109,414 | $76,757 | $52,217 | $34,448 | $22,038 | $13,673 | $8,226 | $4,799 | $2,715 | $1,490 | $793 | $409 | $205 | $99 | $47 | $21 | $9 | $4 | $2 |
$23,680 | $33,677 | $46,445 | $62,115 | $80,558 | $101,316 | $185,352 | $219,221 | $251,432 | $279,652 | $301,627 | $315,485 | $319,996 | $314,750 | $300,223 | $277,702 | $249,098 | $216,679 | $182,777 | $149,514 | $118,604 | $91,237 | $68,061 | $49,236 | $34,541 | $23,498 | $15,502 | $9,917 | $6,153 | $3,702 | $2,160 | $1,222 | $670 | $357 | $184 | $92 | $45 | $21 | $10 | $4 | $2 | $1 | |||||||||||||||||||
$11,840 | $16,839 | $23,222 | $31,057 | $40,279 | $50,658 | $123,568 | $146,147 | $167,622 | $186,434 | $201,085 | $210,323 | $213,331 | $209,834 | $200,149 | $185,135 | $166,065 | $144,453 | $121,851 | $99,676 | $79,069 | $60,825 | $45,374 | $32,824 | $23,027 | $15,665 | $10,335 | $6,612 | $4,102 | $2,468 | $1,440 | $815 | $447 | $238 | $123 | $61 | $30 | $14 | $6 | $3 | $1 | $1 | |||||||||||||||||||
Net profits ($'million) | -12 | -30 | -78 | -83 | −56 | −154 | −254 | −396 | −74 | −294 | −889 | −675 | −1,962 | −976 | −862 | 721 | 5,519 | 12,556 | $9,354 | $13,302 | $18,346 | $24,535 | $31,820 | $40,020 | $97,619 | $115,456 | $132,421 | $147,283 | $158,857 | $166,156 | $168,531 | $165,769 | $158,118 | $146,256 | $131,192 | $114,118 | $96,263 | $78,744 | $62,465 | $48,052 | $35,846 | $25,931 | $18,191 | $12,376 | $8,164 | $5,223 | $3,240 | $1,949 | $1,137 | $643 | $353 | $188 | $97 | $48 | $24 | $11 | $5 | $2 | $1 | $0 |
Balance sheet
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Total assets ($'million) |
8 | 44 | 34 | 52 | 130 | 386 | 713 | 1,114 | 2,417 | 5,831 | 8,068 | 22,664 | 28,655 | 29,740 | 34,309 | 52,148 | 62,131 | 82,338 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Other
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Employees | NA | 70 | 268 | 252 | 514 | 899 | 1,417 | 2,914 | 5,859 | 10,161 | 13,058 | 17,782 | 37,543 | 48,817 | 48,016 | 70,757 | 99,290 | 127,855 |
Year | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | ||||||||||||
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Forecast | Forecast change | Forecast | Forecast change | Forecast | Forecast change | Forecast | Forecast change | |||||||||
New | Old | Absolute | Relative | New | Old | Absolute | Relative | New | Old | Absolute | Relative | New | Old | Absolute | Relative | |
Revenue | ||||||||||||||||
Cost of goods sold | ||||||||||||||||
New assumption | Old assumption | Commentary | Resulting target price absolute change | Resulting target price relative change (%) | Assumption absolute change | Assumption relative change (%) | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Revenue
| |||||||
What's the estimated current size of the total addressable market? | $2,975,000,000 | $2,975,000,000 | Here, the total addressable market (TAM) is defined as the global automotive market, and based on a number of assumptions, it is estimated that the size of the market as of today (30th May 2022), in terms of revenue, is $2.975 trillion.
|
Zero | Zero | Zero | Zero |
What is the estimated company lifespan? | 60 years | 60 years | Tesla employs around 110,000, making the company a large organisation (more than 10,000 employees), and research shows that the average lifespan of a large corporation is around 50 years.[6] | Zero | Zero | Zero | Zero |
What's the estimated annual growth rate of the total addressable market over the lifecycle of the company? | 3% | 3% | Research shows that the growth rate of the global automotive market (i.e. the total addressable market) is similar to the growth rate of global gross domestic product[7], which has averaged (medium) around 3% per year in the last 20 years (2001 to 2022)[8]. | Zero | Zero | Zero | Zero |
What's the estimated company peak market share? | 10% | 10% | The Stockhub users estimate that especially given the leadership of the company, the peak market share of Tesla is around 10%, and, therefore, suggests using the share amount here. As of 31st December 2021, Tesla's current share of the market is estimated at around 1.8%. | Zero | Zero | Zero | Zero |
Which distribution function do you want to use to estimate company revenue? | Gaussian | Gaussian | Research suggests that the revenue pattern of companies is similar to the pattern produced by the Gaussian distribution function (i.e. the revenue distribution is bell shaped)[9], so the Stockhub users suggest using that function here. | Zero | Zero | Zero | Zero |
What's the estimated standard deviation of company revenue? | 6 years | 6 years | Another way of asking this question is this way: within how many years either side of the mean does 68% of revenue occur? Based on Tesla's current revenue amount (i.e. $54 billion) and Tesla's estimated lifespan (i.e. 60 years) and Tesla's estimated current stage of its lifecycle (i.e. growth stage), the Stockhub users suggest using 6 years (i.e. 68% of all sales happen within 6 years either side of the mean year), so that's what's used here. | Zero | Zero | Zero | Zero |
Growth stages
| |||||||
How many main stages of growth is the company expected to go through? | 4 stages | 4 stages | Research suggests that a company typically goes through four distinct stages of cash flow growth.[10] Research also shows that incorporating those stages into the discounted cash flow model improves the quality of the model and, ultimately, the quality of the value estimation.[11]
In addition, research shows that a key way to determine the stage which a company is in is by examining the cash flow patterns of the company.[12] A summary of the economic links to cash flow patterns can be found in the appendix of this report. The Stockhub users estimate that with Tesla's operating cash flows positive (+), investing cash flows negative (-) and its financing cash flows positive (+), the company is in the second stage of growth (i.e. the 'growth' stage), and, therefore, it has a total of three main stages of growth. Note, to account for one-off events, the three-year average (median) amount was used to calculate the cash flows. On 7th February 2022, Tesla said it currently expects: to continue to generate net positive operating cash flow as it has done in the last four fiscal years; its capital expenditures to be between $5.00 to $7.00 billion in 2022 and each of the next two fiscal years; and its ability to be self-funding to continue as long as macroeconomic factors support current trends in its sales. Accordingly, based on forward looking statements, it appears that the company is in stage two of the business lifecycle (i.e. the 'growth' stage), and, therefore, it has a total of three main stages of growth remaining. |
Zero | Zero | Zero | Zero |
What proportion of the company lifecycle is represented by growth stage 1? | 30% | 30% | Research suggests 30%.[13] | Zero | Zero | Zero | Zero |
What proportion of the company lifecycle is represented by growth stage 2? | 10% | 10% | Research suggests 10%.[13] | Zero | Zero | Zero | Zero |
What proportion of the company lifecycle is represented by growth stage 3? | 20% | 20% | Research suggests 20%.[13] | Zero | Zero | Zero | Zero |
What proportion of the company lifecycle is represented by growth stage 4? | 40% | 40% | Research suggests 40%.[13] | Zero | Zero | Zero | Zero |
Growth stage 2
| |||||||
Cost of goods sold as a proportion of revenue (%) | 79% | 79% | Research suggests that it's best to use a similar margin rate as the one used by peers that are in the same growth stage (i.e. growth stage 2)[14], and the margin for its peers is 79%. Information on the peers and the calculation of the figure used here can be found in the appendix of this report. | Zero | Zero | Zero | Zero |
Operating expenses as a proportion of revenue (%) | 15% | 15% | Research suggests that it's best to use a similar margin rate as the one used by peers that are in the same growth stage (i.e. growth stage 2)[14], and the margin for its peers is 15%. Information on the peers and the calculation of the figure used here can be found in the appendix of this report. | Zero | Zero | Zero | Zero |
Tax rate (%) | 11% | 11% | Research suggests that it's best to use a similar rate as the one used by peers that are in the same growth stage (i.e. growth stage 2)[14], and the rate for its peers is 11%. | Zero | Zero | Zero | Zero |
Depreciation and amortisation as a proportion of revenue (%) | 7% | 7% | Research suggests that it's best to use a similar margin rate as the one used by peers that are in the same growth stage (i.e. growth stage 2)[14], and the margin for its peers is 7%. Information on the peers and the calculation of the figure used here can be found in the appendix of this report. | Zero | Zero | Zero | Zero |
Fixed capital as a proportion of revenue (%) | 10% | 10% | Research suggests that it's best to use a similar amount as the one used by peers that are in the same growth stage (i.e. growth stage 2)[14], and the amount for its peers is 10%. Information on the peers and the calculation of the figure used here can be found in the appendix of this report. | Zero | Zero | Zero | Zero |
Working capital as a proportion of revenue (%) | 15% | 15% | Research suggests that it's best to use a similar amount as the one used by peers that are in the same growth stage (i.e. growth stage 2)[14], and the amount for its peers is 15%. | Zero | Zero | Zero | Zero |
Net borrowing ($000) | Zero | Zero | Stockhub suggests that for simplicity, the net borrowing figure is zero. | Zero | Zero | Zero | Zero |
Interest amount ($000) | Zero | Zero | Stockhub suggests that for simplicity, the interest amount figure is zero. | Zero | Zero | Zero | Zero |
Growth stage 3
| |||||||
Cost of goods sold as a proportion of revenue (%) | 62% | 62% | Research suggests that it's best to use a similar margin rate as the one used by peers that are in the same growth stage (i.e. growth stage 3)[14], and the margin for its peers is 62%. Information on the peers and the calculation of the figure used here can be found in the appendix of this report. | Zero | Zero | Zero | Zero |
Operating expenses as a proportion of revenue (%) | 13% | 13% | Research suggests that it's best to use a similar margin rate as the one used by peers that are in the same growth stage (i.e. growth stage 3)[14], and the margin for its peers is 13%. Information on the peers and the calculation of the figure used here can be found in the appendix of this report. | Zero | Zero | Zero | Zero |
Tax rate (%) | 14% | 14% | Research suggests that it's best to use a similar rate as the one used by peers that are in the same growth stage (i.e. growth stage 3)[14], and the rate for its peers is 14%. Information on the peers and the calculation of the figure used here can be found in the appendix of this report. | Zero | Zero | Zero | Zero |
Depreciation and amortisation as a proportion of revenue (%) | 4% | 4% | Research suggests that it's best to use a similar amount as the one used by peers that are in the same growth stage (i.e. growth stage 3)[14], and the amount for its peers is 4%. Information on the peers and the calculation of the figure used here can be found in the appendix of this report. | Zero | Zero | Zero | Zero |
Fixed capital as a proportion of revenue (%) | 3% | 3% | Research suggests that it's best to use a similar amount as the one used by peers that are in the same growth stage (i.e. growth stage 3)[14], and the amount for its peers is 3%. Information on the peers and the calculation of the figure used here can be found in the appendix of this report. | Zero | Zero | Zero | Zero |
Working capital as a proportion of revenue (%) | 10% | 10% | Research suggests that it's best to use a similar amount as the one used by peers that are in the same growth stage (i.e. growth stage 4)[14], and the amount for its peers is 10%. Information on the peers and the calculation of the figure used here can be found in the appendix of this report. | Zero | Zero | Zero | Zero |
Net borrowing ($000) | Zero | Zero | The Stockhub users suggest that for simplicity, the net borrowing figure is zero. | Zero | Zero | Zero | Zero |
Interest amount ($000) | Zero | Zero | The Stockhub users suggest that for simplicity, the interest amount figure is zero. | Zero | Zero | Zero | Zero |
Growth stage 4
| |||||||
Cost of goods sold as a proportion of revenue (%) | 99% | 99% | Research suggests that it's best to use a similar margin rate as the one used by peers that are in the same growth stage (i.e. growth stage 4)[14], and the margin for its peers is 99%. Information on the peers and the calculation of the figure used here can be found in the appendix of this report. | Zero | Zero | Zero | Zero |
Operating expenses as a proportion of revenue (%) | 15% | 15% | Research suggests that it's best to use a similar margin rate as the one used by peers that are in the same growth stage (i.e. growth stage 4)[14], and the margin for its peers is 15%. Information on the peers and the calculation of the figure used here can be found in the appendix of this report. | Zero | Zero | Zero | Zero |
Tax rate (%) | 0% | 0% | Research suggests that it's best to use a similar rate as the one used by peers that are in the same growth stage (i.e. growth stage 4)[14], and the rate for its peers is 0%. Information on the peers and the calculation of the figure used here can be found in the appendix of this report. | Zero | Zero | Zero | Zero |
Depreciation and amortisation as a proportion of revenue (%) | 37% | 37% | Research suggests that it's best to use a similar amount as the one used by peers that are in the same growth stage (i.e. growth stage 4)[14], and the amount for its peers is 37%. Information on the peers and the calculation of the figure used here can be found in the appendix of this report. | Zero | Zero | Zero | Zero |
Fixed capital as a proportion of revenue (%) | 1% | 1% | Research suggests that it's best to use a similar amount as the one used by peers that are in the same growth stage (i.e. growth stage 4)[14], and the amount for its peers is 1%. Information on the peers and the calculation of the figure used here can be found in the appendix of this report. | Zero | Zero | Zero | Zero |
Working capital as a proportion of revenue (%) | 10% | 10% | Research suggests that it's best to use a similar amount as the one used by peers that are in the same growth stage (i.e. growth stage 4)[14], and the amount for its peers is 10%. Information on the peers and the calculation of the figure used here can be found in the appendix of this report. | Zero | Zero | Zero | Zero |
Net borrowing ($000) | Zero | Zero | The Stockhub users suggest that for simplicity, the net borrowing figure is zero. | Zero | Zero | Zero | Zero |
Interest amount ($000) | Zero | Zero | The Stockhub users suggest that for simplicity, the interest amount figure is zero. | Zero | Zero | Zero | Zero |
Risks
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Risk | Risk change | |||
---|---|---|---|---|
New | Old | Absolute | Relative | |
Beta | 2.12 | 2.12 | Zero | Zero |
Adjusted beta | 2.12 | 2.12 | Zero | Zero |
Recommendation | Suitable | Suitable | Suitable | Suitable |
Valuation
ccc
Valuation | Valuation change | |||
---|---|---|---|---|
New | Old | Absolute | Relative | |
Five-year expected return | (24)% | (24)% | Zero | Zero |
Annualised expected return | (4)% | (4)% | Zero | Zero |
Recommendation | Unsuitable | Unsuitable | No change | No change |
Description | New assumption | Old assumption | Commentary | Resulting target price absolute change | Resulting target price relative change (%) | Assumption absolute change | Assumption relative change (%) |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Which valuation model do you want to use? | Discounted cash flow | Discounted cash flow | There are two main approaches to estimate the value of an investment:
Research suggests that in terms of estimating the expected return of an investment over a period of 12-months or more, the approach that is more accurate is the discounted cash flow approach[15], so that's the approach that he Stockhub users suggest to use here; nevertheless, for completeness purposes, separately, the valuation of the company is also estimated using the using the relative valuation approach (the valuation based on the relative approach can be found in the appendix of this report). Tesla has never paid cash dividends, and on 7th February 2022, it said that it currently does not anticipate paying any cash dividends in the foreseeable future. Accordingly, the Stockhub users suggest using the free cash flow valuation method (rather than the dividend discount model). |
||||
Which financial forecasts to use? | Stockhub | Stockhub | The only available long-term forecasts (i.e. >15 years) are the ones that are supplied by the Stockhub users (the forecasts can be found in the financials section of this report), so the Stockhub users suggest using those. | ||||
Growth stage 2
|
|||||||
Discount rate (%) | 15% | 15% | There are two key risk parameters for a firm that need to be estimated: its cost of equity and its cost of debt. A key way to estimate the cost of equity is by looking at the beta (or betas) of the company in question, the cost of debt from a measure of default risk (an actual or synthetic rating) and apply the market value weights for debt and equity to come up with the cost of capital. | ||||
Probability of success (%) | 90% | 90% | Research suggests that a suitable rate for a company in this growth stage (i.e. stage 2) is 90%. | ||||
Growth stage 3
|
|||||||
Discount rate (%) | 10% | 10% | There are two key risk parameters for a firm that need to be estimated: its cost of equity and its cost of debt. A key way to estimate the cost of equity is by looking at the beta (or betas) of the company in question, the cost of debt from a measure of default risk (an actual or synthetic rating) and apply the market value weights for debt and equity to come up with the cost of capital. | ||||
Probability of success (%) | 100% | 100% | Research suggests that a suitable rate for a company in this growth stage (i.e. stage 3) is 100%. | ||||
Growth stage 4
|
|||||||
Discount rate (%) | 10% | 10% | There are two key risk parameters for a firm that need to be estimated: its cost of equity and its cost of debt. A key way to estimate the cost of equity is by looking at the beta (or betas) of the company in question, the cost of debt from a measure of default risk (an actual or synthetic rating) and apply the market value weights for debt and equity to come up with the cost of capital. | ||||
Probability of success (%) | 100% | 100% | Research suggests that a suitable rate for a company in this growth stage (i.e. stage 4) is 100%. | ||||
Other key inputs
|
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What's the current value of the company? | $950.54 billion | $950.54 billion | As at 5th June 2022, the current value of the Tesla company is $950.54 billion. | ||||
Which time period do you want to use to estimate the expected return? | Between now and five years time | Between now and five years time | Research suggests that following a market crash, the average amount of time it takes for the price of a stock market to return to its pre-crash level (i.e. the recovery period) is at least three years.[16] Accordingly, Stockhub suggests that to account for general market cyclicity, it's best to estimate the expected return of the company between now and five years time. |
References and notes
- ↑ Source: Stockhub Limited
- ↑ Source: Stockhub Limited
- ↑
- ↑ 4.00 4.01 4.02 4.03 4.04 4.05 4.06 4.07 4.08 4.09 4.10 4.11 4.12
- ↑ https://www.ucl.ac.uk/bartlett/sustainable/sites/bartlett/files/an_exploration_of_energy_cost_ranges_limits_and_adjustment_process.pdf
- ↑ Stadler, Enduring Success, 3–5.
- ↑ http://www.robertpicard.net/files/econgrowthandadvertising.pdf
- ↑ https://www.macrotrends.net/countries/WLD/world/gdp-growth-rate
- ↑ http://escml.umd.edu/Papers/ObsCPMT.pdf
- ↑ Levie J, Lichtenstein BB (2010) A terminal assessment of stages theory: Introducing a dynamic approach to entrepreneurship. Entrepreneurship: Theory & Practice 34(2): 317–350. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1540-6520.2010.00377.x
- ↑ Stef Hinfelaar et al.:, 2019.
- ↑ Dickinson, 2010.
- ↑ 13.0 13.1 13.2 13.3 http://escml.umd.edu/Papers/ObsCPMT.pdf
- ↑ 14.00 14.01 14.02 14.03 14.04 14.05 14.06 14.07 14.08 14.09 14.10 14.11 14.12 14.13 14.14 14.15 14.16 14.17 http://people.stern.nyu.edu/adamodar/pdfiles/papers/younggrowth.pdf
- ↑ Demirakos et al., 2010; Gleason et al., 2013
- ↑ https://www.newyorkfed.org/mediabrary/media/medialibrary/media/research/staff_reports/research_papers/9809.pdf
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