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[[File:Tesla logo.jpg|150px]]
'''Connecting outstanding operations talent with the most inclusive companies'''
[[File:Runnerlogo.png|thumb|200x200px]]


Helping to accelerate the world's transition to sustainable energy.
== Summary ==


{| class="wikitable"
* $1M GMV run rate
|+ Key information
* 120+ customers and 350+ on the waitlist since launch in Dec 2021
|-
* Founded and led by Arlan Hamilton, founder of Backstage Capital
| Risk/return|| High
* 1500+ Runner applicants & 205+ in our onboarding pipeline
|-
* GMV growing 57% month-over-month as of March 2022
| Price per share|| $703.55<ref name=":1">https://uk.finance.yahoo.com/quote/TSLA/profile?p=TSLA</ref>
* Launched just 8.5 months ago in September 2021
|-
| Asset class|| Equities<ref name=":2">https://sec.report/CIK/0001318605#:~:text=Tesla%2C%20Inc.%20is%20incorporated%20in,motor%20vehicles%20%26%20passenger%20car%20bodies.</ref>
|-
| Industry|| Consumer Cyclical<ref name=":1" />
|-
| Country of incorporation|| United States<ref name=":2" />
|-
| Minimum investment amount|| $10<ref name=":10">https://www.business2community.com/stocks/buy-tesla-stock</ref>
|-
| Maximum investment amount|| $728.88 billion<ref name=":1" />
|-
| Current valuation|| $728.88 billion<ref name=":1" />
|-
| Investor type|| All
|-
| Bid/ask spread (%)|| 0.0015063%<ref name=":1" />
|-
| Commission amount|| Zero<ref name=":10" />
|-
| Market|| Public<ref name=":1" />
|}


==Summary==
== Problem ==
'''Growing companies need access to outstanding operations talent and layoffs and resignations are contributing to high turnover across industries.'''


* Tesla is on a mission to accelerate the world's transition to sustainable energy.<ref name=":3">https://www.tesla.com/about</ref>
'''80+% of people resigning from their jobs are leaving due to burnout or boredom'''. Meanwhile, growing companies need access to outstanding operations talent as they scale.
*The company sells and leases high-performance fully electric vehicles and energy generation and storage systems, and offers services related to its products. It emphasises performance, attractive styling and the safety of its users in the design and manufacture of its products and is continuing to develop full self-driving technology for improved safety. It also strives to lower the cost of ownership for its customers through continuous efforts to reduce manufacturing costs and by offering financial and other services tailored to its products.<ref name=":4">https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/1318605/000156459021004599/tsla-10k_20201231.htm</ref>
* Assuming that Tesla increases its share of the automotive market to 10% (from 2%) and other assumptions, the expected return of an investment in the company over the next five years is 72%. In other words, an £1,000 investment in the company is expected to return £1,720 in five years time.
* The degree of risk associated with an investment in Tesla is 'high'.


==Operations==
Job matching and gig-working platforms are thriving, but existing platforms have some key shortcomings:


=== How did the idea of the company come about? ===
* They create a vast marketplace, but aren't optimized for non-technical operations talent;
The idea of the company came about when the now founding team of the company realised that the current way that humankind is meeting its energy needs is unsustainable and bad for the planet.<ref name=":9">https://www.tesla.com/en_GB/blog/secret-tesla-motors-master-plan-just-between-you-and-me</ref>
* Workers aren't generally W-2 employees, leaving them without access to benefits;
* Alignment of values and mission between company and workers isn't prioritized; this is a critical factor for culture fit, worker motivation, and potential burnout.


Currently, an estimated 85% of the world's energy needs are met by burning fossil fuels<ref>https://wedocs.unep.org/bitstream/handle/20.500.11822/30797/EGR2019.pdf?sequence=1&isAllowed=y</ref>, and energy production and consumption are responsible for 76% of annual human-caused greenhouse gas emissions.<ref>https://www.climatewatchdata.org/ghg-emissions?breakBy=sector&chartType=percentage&end_year=2018&sectors=total-including-lucf&start_year=1990</ref><ref>https://www.wri.org/insights/4-charts-explain-greenhouse-gas-emissions-countries-and-sectors</ref>
== Solution ==
'''Connecting outstanding operations talent with the most inclusive companies'''


Researching into a better way to meet the energy needs, the team concluded that the best way to do so is to move to a solar electric economy, from a mine-and-burn hydrocarbon economy.<ref name=":9" />
''We help you add the people your team needs fractionally or temp to hire, when they're needed.''


Accordingly, in the team's quest to accelerate the world’s transition to sustainable energy, the Tesla company was born.
=== Why Runner ===
[[File:5dcb8573a5261e0425638a139c04d9e037587f5.png]]


=== What's the mission of the company? ===
[[File:5dcb8573a5261e0425638a139c04d9e037587f.png]]


Tesla is a company that's on a mission to accelerate the world's transition to sustainable energy.<ref name=":3" /> In other words, the company's objective is to accelerate the world's transition to energy that meets the needs of the present without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own needs.
[[File:363bac71957d43ca047533d53246b8d7fedf7048.png]]


=== What are the main offerings of the company? ===
== Product ==


The company's main offerings fall into two main segments: (1) automotive and (2) energy generation and storage.<ref name=":4" />
=== A CEO's best friend ===
[[File:2db778d31d4dbddc95d466f24d02c27e203ac138.png]]


==== Automotive ====  
=== How it works ===
[[File:C83c90d12b4442ee821f3987e78617f7540a22aa.png]]


The automotive segment includes the sales and leasing of electric vehicles as well as sales of automotive regulatory credits.<ref name=":4" /> Additionally, the automotive segment is also comprised of other services including non-warranty after-sales vehicle services, sales of used vehicles, retail merchandise, sales by the company's acquired subsidiaries to third party customers and vehicle insurance revenue.<ref name=":4" />
=== Runner currently offers five categories of operational talent: ===


===== Current offerings =====
==== HUMAN RESOURCES  ====
Our People leaders will support the shaping of your team's culture at each stage of your company's growth—recruiting, generalists, compliance, and everything in between.


====== Automotive sales ======
==== OPERATIONS  ====
As of 2nd June 2022, the company offers four main car models: Model S, Model 3, Model X and Model Y.
Our Operations talent will run toward solving complex challenges. They make an impact through designing and managing efficient and effective operations.


'''Model S'''
==== CONSULTANT  ====
For teams looking for a thought partner and subject matter expert, our consultants have the ability to design and execute risk management solutions and translate company leadership vision to scalable systems and processes.


Model S is the fastest accelerating and longest ranging car that Tesla provides, with a zero-to-60 miles per hour acceleration of 3.1 seconds and a maximum distance range on a single battery charge of 405 miles, respectively.<ref>https://www.tesla.com/</ref> The price of the car in the US is $99,990.<ref name=":8" />
==== EXECUTIVE ASSISTANT  ====
Our team of administrative professionals provide broad-based support including scheduling, inbox management, research, and project management. They anticipate the needs of those they support and quickly become a trusted confidant to the team.


[[File:Model S.jpg|600px]]
==== RUNNER  ====
{| class="wikitable"
We love this category of talent as the sky is the limit! From specialists to generalists, they meet your evolving business needs when you need them, as you need them. Think event staff, extra administrative support, or whatever your business requires.
|+Competition comparison
!Category
!Model S<ref name=":8">https://www.porsche.com/usa/models/taycan/taycan-models/taycan/</ref>
!Porsche Taycan<ref name=":8" />
|-
|Is the vehicle fully electric?
| style="background: orange; color: white;" |Yes
| style="background: orange; color: white;" |Yes
|-
|What's the top acceleration of the vehicle?
| style="background: green; color: white;" |3.1 seconds
| style="background: red; color: white;" |5.1 seconds
|-
|What's the maximum distance range of the vehicle on a single battery charge?
| style="background: green; color: white;" |405 miles
| style="background: red; color: white;" |200 miles
|-
|What's the top speed of the vehicle?
| style="background: green; color: white;" |155 miles per hour
| style="background: red; color: white;" |143 miles per hour
|-
|Which design type is the vehicle?
| style="background: orange; color: white;" |Sedan (i.e. car)
| style="background: orange; color: white;" |Sedan (i.e. car)
|-
|What is the safety rating of the vehicle?
| style="background: orange; color: white;" |5 out of 5 stars
| style="background: orange; color: white;" |5 out of 5 stars
|-
|How many seats does the vehicle have?
| style="background: green; color: white;" |5 seats
| style="background: red; color: white;" |4 seats
|-
|What's the cargo capacity of the vehicle?
| style="background: green; color: white;" |28 cubic feet
| style="background: red; color: white;" |17.2 cubic feet
|-
|Which drive wheel does the vehicle have?
| style="background: green; color: white;" |All-wheel drive
| style="background: red; color: white;" |Rear-wheel drive
|-
|What's the price of the vehicle?
| style="background: red; color: white;" |$99,990
| style="background: green; color: white;" |$86,700
|-
|What's the vehicle's price per cargo capacity?
| style="background: green; color: white;" |$3,571 per cubic feet
| style="background: red; color: white;" |$5,041 per cubic feet
|-
|What's the vehicle's price per passenger?
| style="background: green; color: white;" |$19,998 per passenger
| style="background: red; color: white;" |$21,675 per passenger
|}


{| class="wikitable"
== Traction ==
|+Competition comparison
'''$1M GMV'''
!Category
!Model S<ref name=":8">https://www.tesla.com/models</ref>
!Model 3<ref>https://www.tesla.com/model3</ref>
!Model X<ref>https://www.tesla.com/modelx</ref>
!Model Y<ref>https://www.tesla.com/modely</ref>
|-
|Is the vehicle fully electric?
| style="background: orange; color: white;" |Yes
| style="background: orange; color: white;" |Yes
| style="background: orange; color: white;" |Yes
| style="background: orange; color: white;" |Yes
|-
|What's the top acceleration of the vehicle?
| style="background: green; color: white;" |3.1 seconds
| style="background: red; color: white;" |5.8 seconds
| style="background: orange; color: white;" |3.8 seconds
| style="background: orange; color: white;" |4.8 seconds
|-
|What's the maximum distance range of the vehicle on a single battery charge?
| style="background: green; color: white;" |405 miles
| style="background: red; color: white;" |272 miles
| style="background: orange; color: white;" |348 miles
| style="background: orange; color: white;" |330 miles
|-
|What's the top speed of the vehicle?
| style="background: green; color: white;" |155 miles per hour
| style="background: orange; color: white;" |140 miles per hour
| style="background: green; color: white;" |155 miles per hour
| style="background: red; color: white;" |135 miles per hour
|-
|Which design type is the vehicle?
| style="background: orange; color: white;" |Sedan (i.e. car)
| style="background: orange; color: white;" |Sedan (i.e. car)
| style="background: orange; color: white;" |SUV (i.e. car)
| style="background: orange; color: white;" |SUV (i.e. car)
|-
|What is the safety rating of the vehicle?
| style="background: orange; color: white;" |5 out of 5 stars
| style="background: orange; color: white;" |5 out of 5 stars
| style="background: orange; color: white;" |5 out of 5 stars
| style="background: orange; color: white;" |5 out of 5 stars
|-
|How many seats does the vehicle have?
| style="background: red; color: white;" |5 seats
| style="background: red; color: white;" |5 seats
| style="background: orange; color: white;" |7 seats
| style="background: orange; color: white;" |7 seats
|-
|What's the cargo capacity of the vehicle?
| style="background: orange; color: white;" |28 cubic feet
| style="background: red; color: white;" |23 cubic feet
| style="background: green; color: white;" |88 cubic feet
| style="background: orange; color: white;" |76 cubic feet
|-
|Which drive wheel does the vehicle have?
| style="background: orange; color: white;" |All-wheel drive
| style="background: red; color: white;" |Rear-wheel drive
| style="background: orange; color: white;" |All-wheel drive
| style="background: orange; color: white;" |All-wheel drive
|-
|What's the price of the vehicle?
| style="background: orange; color: white;" |$99,990
| style="background: green; color: white;" |$46,990
| style="background: red; color: white;" |$114,990
| style="background: orange; color: white;" |$62,990
|-
|What's the vehicle's price per cargo capacity?
| style="background: red; color: white;" |$3,571 per cubic feet
| style="background: orange; color: white;" |$2,043 per cubic feet
| style="background: orange; color: white;" |$1,307 per cubic feet
| style="background: green; color: white;" |$829 per cubic feet
|-
|What's the vehicle's price per passenger?
| style="background: red; color: white;" |$19,998 per passenger
| style="background: orange; color: white;" |$9,398 per passenger
| style="background: orange; color: white;" |$16,427 per passenger
| style="background: green; color: white;" |$8,999 per passenger
|}


{| class="wikitable"
''Growing 57% month-over-month as of March 2022''
|+Which car is the winner in the following categories?
!Category
!Winner
|-
|Which Tesla car has the fastest acceleration?
|Model S
|-
|Which Tesla car has the longest range?
|Model S
|-
|Which Tesla car has the largest cargo capacity?
|Model X
|-
|Which Tesla car is the lowest priced?
|Model 3
|-
|Which Tesla car has the lowest price per cargo capacity?
|Model Y
|-
|Which Tesla car has the lowest price per passenger?
|Model Y
|}


'''Model 3'''
''Started just 8.5 months ago in September 2021''


Model 3 is the lowest priced car that Tesla provides, selling in the US at $46,990.
=== Shoutouts & early wins ===
[[File:B5dcc6723b906fa44d7d7866ce3f2c231dc59c1a.png]]


[[File:Rhd-model-3-social.png|600px]]
== Customers ==
'''122+ current customers and 350+ waitlisted since December 2021'''


{| class="wikitable"
* Customer Profile: Startups with less than 10 employees make up 78% of Runner’s customer base. We also serve '''many of the Fortune 500 household names.'''
|+Competition comparison
* Customers benefit from '''stretching staffing budget''' by leveraging fractional senior operational support to scale while increasing productivity and profitability.
!Category
* Customer feedback:
!Model 3<ref>https://www.tesla.com/model3</ref>
** "Jordan is '''100% an ideal match'''. She’s providing '''above and beyond value''' for her rate and time – she’s a '''literally perfect fit''' for the role I hired her into." - Sara Lobkovich, Red Currant, repeat customer, working with her 3rd Runner
!Mustang Mach-E<ref>https://www.ford.com/suvs/mach-e/?gnav=header-electrified-vhp</ref>
** "Morgan is '''incredible'''. She’s got '''huge long-term potential''' in service delivery (coaching, consulting) and product ideation in the knowledge &  information management space. She’s '''providing excellent work''' for me while she learns and grows."
|-
** "Tsukuru has gone '''above and beyond''' in making sure things get done promptly - it's been '''wonderful working with him'''"- Gefen Skolnick, Couplet Coffee, has retained the same Runner for 6 months
|Is the vehicle fully electric?
| style="background: orange; color: white;" |Yes
| style="background: orange; color: white;" |Yes
|-
|What's the top acceleration of the vehicle?
| style="background: red; color: white;" |5.8 seconds
| style="background: green; color: white;" |5.2 seconds
|-
|What's the maximum distance range of the vehicle on a single battery charge?
| style="background: green; color: white;" |272 miles
| style="background: red; color: white;" |247 miles
|-
|What's the top speed of the vehicle?
| style="background: green; color: white;" |140 miles per hour
| style="background: red; color: white;" |124 miles per hour
|-
|Which design type is the vehicle?
| style="background: orange; color: white;" |Sedan (i.e. car)
| style="background: orange; color: white;" |SUV (i.e. car)
|-
|What is the safety rating of the vehicle?
| style="background: orange; color: white;" |5 out of 5 stars
| style="background: orange; color: white;" |5 out of 5 stars
|-
|How many seats does the vehicle have?
| style="background: orange; color: white;" |5 seats
| style="background: orange; color: white;" |5 seats
|-
|What's the cargo capacity of the vehicle?
| style="background: red; color: white;" |23 cubic feet
| style="background: green; color: white;" |59.7 cubic feet
|-
|Which drive wheel does the vehicle have?
| style="background: orange; color: white;" |Rear-wheel drive
| style="background: orange; color: white;" |Rear-wheel drive
|-
|What's the price of the vehicle?
| style="background: red; color: white;" |$46,990
| style="background: green; color: white;" |$43,895
|-
|What's the vehicle's price per cargo capacity?
| style="background: red; color: white;" |$2,043 per cubic feet
| style="background: green; color: white;" |$735 per cubic feet
|-
|What's the vehicle's price per passenger?
| style="background: red; color: white;" |$9,398 per passenger
| style="background: green; color: white;" |$8,779 per passenger
|}


'''Model X'''
== Business model ==


Model X is the largest cargo capacity car that Tesla provides, with a cargo capacity of 88 cubic feet. The price of the car in the US is $114,990.
=== Runner ecosystem ===
[[File:F7cfe980012b0eccad0057afe850348f21a98d1.png]]


[[File:MX-Hero-Desktop.jpg|600px]]
=== Pricing ===
Our model is simple. With Runner's 25% booking fee, you have access to unlimited matches within our inclusive operational talent pool.  


'''Model Y'''
Runner handles the interviewing, background checks, manages the entire payroll process and invoices the company for the matched talents time.


Model Y is the lowest price per cargo capacity and lowest price per passenger car that Tesla provides, at $829 per cubic feet and $8,999 per passenger, respectively. The price of the car in the US is $62,990.
==== WITH RUNNER'S 25% BOOKING FEE: ====
* No subscription fees
* No recruitment fees for temp-to-hire roles* No hidden or additional fees
* No hidden or additional fees


[[File:Model y red.jpg|600px]]
''*Direct hire roles have an industry low 10% fee''


====== Automotive leasing ======
== Market ==
Tesla offers leasing and/or loan financing arrangements for its vehicles in certain jurisdictions in North America, Europe and Asia. Under certain programs, the company provides resale value guarantees or buyback guarantees, enabling customers to sell their vehicles back to the company at certain points in time at pre-determined amounts.<ref name=":4" />
'''People want to curate their careers, & are demanding more flexibility than ever'''


====== Regulatory credits ======
''COVID accelerated an existing trend, and Runner is positioned for success''
The company earns tradable credits in the operation of its business under various regulations related to zero-emission vehicles, greenhouse gas, fuel economy and clean fuel. It sells those credits to other regulated entities that can use the credits to comply with emission standards and other regulatory requirements.<ref name=":4" />


====== Other current offerings ======
=== Layoff headlines ===
[[File:2a567c1f3ecece468076b8bfadef09068dbabb8.png|thumb|414x414px]]
The number of companies laying off their workforce is an unfortunate trend that is not slowing down. Twitter is gearing up to lay off hundreds. Fast recently laid off 450, Peloton almost 3K, Hopin over 100, and Robinhood just laid off 9% of its workforce. Very recently, Cameo and OnDeck added to this growing list.


'''Service and warranty'''


<u>Service</u>


Other offerings include the servicing of Tesla vehicles, at company-owned service locations and through Tesla Mobile Service technicians.<ref name=":4" />


<u>Extended service plans</u>


The company offers extended service plans, which provide coverage beyond the new vehicle limited warranties for certain models in specified regions.<ref name=":4" />


'''Financial services'''


<u>Purchase financing</u>


The company offers loan financing arrangements for its vehicles in certain jurisdictions in North America, Europe and Asia.<ref name=":4" /> In certain situations, Tesla provides resale value guarantees or buyback guarantees, enabling customers to sell their vehicles back to the company at certain points in time at pre-determined amounts.<ref name=":4" />


<u>Insurance</u>
With mass layoffs, engineers and technical roles often have jobs lined up (whether via acquihire, or headhunted immediately) while operations talent often has a more difficult time. That operations talent will utilize Runner exponentially over the next 18 months.


As part of the company's ongoing effort to decrease the total cost of ownership, it offers insurance products on its vehicles.<ref name=":4" /> The products are currently available in five US states (Arizona, California, Illinois, Ohio and Texas), and the company plans to offer the products into new geographical markets.<ref name=":4" />
''Runner is a soft landing for countless operational talent who are often overlooked.''


=====Future offerings=====
[[File:79699a1f36a7bbbc0f2b4a4d9fed572dd0eb5165.png]]


======Automotive sales======
[[File:Ad8ec91cbe0489b7868bd041ea700ae0399cac97.png]]


'''Cybertruck'''
From [https://hbr.org/2022/03/the-great-resignation-didnt-start-with-the-pandemic Harvard Business Review]:


Cybertruck is a truck, a motor vehicle designed to transport cargo, carry specialised payloads, or perform other utilitarian work. What will be unique about the offering is that it will be the safest vehicle that Tesla provides. The price of the offering is expected to be $39,900.<ref>https://www.autoexpress.co.uk/tesla/cybertruck/96447/tesla-cybertruck-delayed-until-least-2023#:~:text=Tesla%20Cybertruck%3A%20performance%20and%20range&text=Entry%2Dlevel%2C%20Single%20Motor%2C,a%20top%20speed%20of%20110mph.</ref>
"[Resignations are] now back in line with the pre-pandemic trend, which is one that American employers are likely to be contending with for years to come...  companies that have the '''vision and resources to offer flexibility''' to their employees are the most likely to maintain a stable and competitive workforce. And the companies best able to attract and retain talent will be those offering benefits that address the '''changing needs of workers."'''


[[File:Cybertruck-Hero-Desktop.jpg|600px]]
== Competition ==
'''Runner stands apart from our competition with our inclusive approach'''


'''Tesla Roadster'''
[[File:F0423467b88149d2898b1bd01404899bf3b72071.png]]


The Tesla Roadster is a car. What will be unique about the offering is that it will be the fastest accelerating and longest ranging car that Tesla provides. The price of the offering is around $200,000.<ref>https://carbuzz.com/cars/tesla/roadster</ref>
[[File:6e3ee42482ad947f0aa1c4da2862f4de8df3df84.png]]


[[File:Tesla-roadster.jpg|600px]]
== Vision and strategy ==
'''With the push of a few buttons and a short amount of time, Runner makes it possible for any company to hire outstanding operational talent.'''


'''Tesla Semi'''
Runner:


Tesla Semi is a semi-trailer truck, a motor vehicle that is designed to transport large cargo, via one or more of its attached trailers. What will be unique about the offering is that it will be the largest cargo capacity vehicle that Tesla provides. The price of the offering is around $150,000.
* Enables companies to get the support they need, when they need it
* Enables individuals to curate their career; do the work they want to do when they want to do it
* Provides opportunity for Value and Mission alignment between Customers and Runners
* Is hyper focused and known for providing operations talent to inclusive companies
* Provides a viable additional stream of income for operations talent


[[File:Tesla-semi.jpg|600px]]
== Funding ==
Backed by Backstage Capital, Precursor Ventures, Gaingels, and more, Runner has a diverse cap table of incredible investors supporting us as we grow.


======Ride-hailing service======
[[File:6f0bcf8c06891af21fc22b3f19ac2eafc6e0dd5.png|205x205px]]
Tesla has said that it intends to establish an autonomous Tesla ride-hailing network, enabling people to hail a ride.<ref name=":4" /> What's unique about the ride-hailing service is that it's expected to be faster and cheaper than the alternatives. Information about the expected price of the service has yet to be disclosed.


====Energy generation and storage ====
[[File:E8cd4253277609abf496cd13f61239086fb8f.png]]


The energy generation and storage segment includes the sales and leasing of solar energy generation and energy storage products and related services and sales of solar energy systems incentives.<ref name=":4" />
== Founders ==
'''Arlan Hamilton'''


=====Current offerings =====
''CEO & Founder''


======Energy generation and storage sales======
[[File:32243-1610483250-a5a4c8476c479ea372d9e7465e5176229020771f.jpg]]


'''Powerwall'''
Arlan Hamilton is the Founder and Managing Partner of Backstage Capital, a venture capital firm dedicated to minimizing funding disparities in tech by investing in high-potential founders who are people of color, women, and/or LGBT. Started in 2015, Backstage has invested $12M+ into 160+ startups led by underestimated founders and has been featured in Fast Company, Forbes, Fortune, CNN Money, Inc., Entrepreneur, and Quartz.


Powerwall is a energy storage system (i.e. a type of battery).<ref name=":4" /> What’s unique about the offering is that it's the lowest priced energy storage system that Tesla provides. A single Powerwall sells for $10,500.
In October 2018, Arlan was [https://www.fastcompany.com/90227793/backstage-capitals-arlan-hamilton-brings-diversity-to-venture-capital featured on the cover of Fast Company magazine], making her the first Black woman who is not an entertainer or athlete to grace the cover. Her first book, [https://www.itsaboutdamntime.com/ It's About Damn Time], was published by Penguin Random house in May 2020. Arlan also hosts [https://anchor.fm/yfm Your First Million], a podcast featuring notable people who have reached their first million dollars, downloads, or customers.


[[File:Powerwall2.jpg|600px]]
[[File:Itsabouttimebook.png]]


{| class="wikitable"
Arlan entered the venture investing world from an unconventional path. Before launching Backstage Capital, she authored the groundbreaking blog "Your Daily Lesbian Moment", which she grew to a monthly readership of 50,000 fans worldwide. She has written for AOL, SuicideGirls, and Curve Magazine, and founded and published the internationally distributed indie magazine Interlude. Arlan is also a live music production professional, having served as a tour manager to numerous international artists including will.i.am, Toni Braxton, and Jason Derulo. Most recently, she worked with Atlantic Records recording artist Janine.
|+Competition comparison
|-
! !!Powerwall!!'''Megapack'''
|-
|Is the source of energy solar?||style="background: green; color: white;" |Yes||style="background: green; color: white;" |Yes
|-
|Is it designed for houses (i.e. smaller electricity demand)?||style="background: green; color: white;" |Yes||style="background: red; color: white;" |No
|-
|Is it designed for commercial buildings (i.e. greater electricity demand)?||style="background: red; color: white;" |No|| style="background: green; color: white;" |Yes
|}


'''Megapack'''
In 2018, Arlan co-founded, along with Investment Partner Christie Pitts, Backstage Studio, a new venture studio designed to build products, services, and initiatives that serve the mission of eliminating underrepresentation in tech by empowering founders and their teams to succeed. In April 2018, Arlan and Backstage Studio were the subject of Season 7 of the popular Gimlet Media podcast, [https://gimletmedia.com/shows/startup/o2homb StartUp]. In October 2018, Backstage Studio announced four accelerator programs, in Los Angeles, Detroit, Philadelphia, and London, UK. In June 2020, Backstage announced its Crowd initiative, providing access to the best underrepresented deal flow to accredited and non-accredited investors. Arlan was recently named on Fortune magazine's 40 under 40 list, as well as Vanity Fair magazine's The 2018 New Establishment List.


Megapack is an energy storage system.<ref name=":4" /> What’s unique about the offering is that it's the largest energy storage system that Tesla provides. A single Megapack sells for $1,000,000.
== Runner Team ==
'''Arlan Hamilton'''


[[File:Megapack-CleanerGrid-D.jpg|600px]]
Founder and CEO


'''Solar Roof'''
Arlan Hamilton is the CEO of Hire Runner, which connects outstanding operations talent with inclusive companies. Arlan is also the Founder and Managing Partner of Backstage Capital, a fund that invests in underestimated founders.


Solar Roof is a roof tile.<ref name=":4" /> What makes the tile unique is that it's the most aesthetically-beautiful, energy generation roof tile. In other words, it's the most beautiful roof tile that generates electricity. There is no information on the  price of the offering within the public domain.
'''Dianna Moore'''


[[File:5c603e0d86d2c7c005d1df44a jVVOsV8.jpg|600px]]
COO


{| class="wikitable"
Dianna has a strong foundation in finance, risk management, people development and is known for optimizing processes, leading change, modeling ethical values, and inspiring others.
|+Competition comparison
|-
! !!Solar Roof!!Traditional roof tile
!Other solar-energy generation roof tile
|-
|Does it generate electricity?|| style="background: green; color: white;" |Yes|| style="background: red; color: white;" |No
| style="background: green; color: white;" |Yes
|-
|Is it aesthetically beautiful?|| style="background: green; color: white;" |Yes|| style="background: green; color: white;" |Yes
| style="background: red; color: white;" |No
|}


====== Other current offerings ======
'''Frantz Joseph'''
'''Service and Warranty'''


Other offerings include servicing and repairs, and extended limited warranties in certain regions.<ref name=":4" />
CTO


'''Financial services'''
Frantz has 10 years in Engineering Leadership at Netflix, Etsy, & Mailchimp, with 18 years of expertise in Software Engineering within Tech & Gaming


Tesla offers certain loan and power purchase agreement (PPA) options to residential or commercial customers who pair energy storage systems with solar energy systems.<ref name=":4" /> The company offers certain financing options to its solar customers, which enable the customer to purchase and own a solar energy system, Solar Roof or integrated solar and Powerwall system.<ref name=":4" /> Its solar PPAs, offered to commercial customers, charges a fee per kilowatt-hour based on the amount of electricity produced by its solar energy systems.<ref name=":4" />
'''Lauren Walker-Reader'''


===From which place(s) are the offerings able to be purchased?===
VP, Operations


The main places that the offerings are able to be purchased is through the company's website (at www.tesla.com) and company's stores, which is estimated at around 400 stores in more than 35 countries.
Lauren is an engaging, creative professional who builds operational rhythms, anticipates organizational needs and enables leaders to operate efficiently.


===From which place(s) are the offerings promoted?===
'''Melanie Goodloe'''


The main way that Tesla promotes the offering is through media coverage and word of mouth.
Director of Customer Success


=== What's the current strategy of the company? ===
An Entrepreneur, Founder & Coach, Melanie creates and drives key initiatives that help customers optimize value


According to a blog post in 2016 in which the CEO of Tesla detailed the company's master plan<ref>https://www.tesla.com/blog/master-plan-part-deux</ref>, the current strategy of Tesla consists of four milestones:
'''Michelle Heng'''


#Create stunning solar roofs with seamlessly integrated battery storage;
HR Business Partner Leader
# Expand the electric vehicle product line to address all major segments;
# Develop a self-driving capability that is 10x safer than manual, via massive fleet learning; and
# Enable your car to make money for you when you aren't using it.
It's worth noting that 10 years earlier, Elon detailed the company's first master plan<ref name=":9" />, and the company has managed to achieve all of the milestones, which were as follows:


#Build a sports car;
Michelle brings 12 years of experience within Human Resources recruiting, Head of People, & People Operations to the Runner team
#Use that money to build an affordable car;
#Use that money to build an even more affordable car; and
#Provide zero emission electric power generation options.


== Market==
'''Nicole Healy'''


===Total Addressable Market ===
Chief of Staff


Here, the total addressable market (TAM) is defined as the global automotive market, and based on a number of assumptions, it is estimated that the size of the market as of today (30th May 2022), in terms of revenue, is $3.0 trillion.
Nicole has 10 years in tech startup leadership – Business Development, Client Services, and Operations.


===Serviceable Available Market===
== Risks ==
'''Our business could be adversely affected if we are unable to protect our proprietary technology or if someone claims that we are infringing on their proprietary technology.'''


Here, the serviceable available market (SAM) is defined as the global car market, and based on a number of assumptions, it is estimated that the size of the market as of today (30th May 2022), in terms of revenue, is $1.0 trillion.
Our success depends, in part, upon our proprietary methodologies and other intellectual property rights. There can be no assurance that the steps taken by us to protect our proprietary information will be adequate to deter misappropriation of our proprietary information or that we will be able to detect unauthorized use and take appropriate steps to enforce our intellectual property rights. In addition, although we believe that our services do not infringe on the intellectual property rights of others, there can be no assurance that such a claim will not be asserted against us in the future, or that if asserted any such claim will be successfully defended. A successful claim against us could materially and adversely affect our business, financial condition and results of operations. Further, these lawsuits could be expensive, take significant time and divert management’s attention from other business concerns.


===Serviceable Obtainable Market===
'''Interruptions to or failure of our Hire Runner App or other information processing systems may disrupt our business and our sales may suffer.'''


Here, the serviceable obtainable market (SOM) is defined as the US car market, and based on a number of assumptions, it is estimated that the size of the market as of today (30th May 2022), in terms of revenue, is $262 billion.
We are dependent on our information processing systems to timely process client requests and manage our Runners. Interruptions to or failure of our Hire Runner App (the “App”) or other information processing systems may be costly to fix and may damage our relationships with our clients and our operational talent in the categories of human resources, operations, consulting, executive assistance (such talent, “Runners”), and cause us to lose clients and distributors. If we are unable to fix problems with our app or other information processing systems in a timely manner our sales may suffer. Although we plan to allocate significant resources to expanding our systems and infrastructure, there is no guarantee that such systems and infrastructure could prove to be insufficient unless further improved and expanded, especially if we experience a large increase in business.


== Competition==
'''The failure to recruit, maintain and motivate a large base of productive Runners could limit our ability to generate revenues.'''


===Automotive===
We are an employment recruitment service. To derive revenues, we will have to recruit and engage operational talent. We cannot assure you that we will be successful in recruiting and retaining productive talent, particularly since organizations in many different industries have experienced high turnover rates of employees. Typically, Runners can terminate their relationship with the Company at any time. In recruiting and keeping Runners, we will be subject to significant competition from other organizations, both inside and outside the tech startup industry. Our ability to attract and retain Runners will be dependent on the attractiveness of our compensation plan, our client mix, and the support we offers to our Runners. Adverse publicity concerning tech startups and public perception of recruitment services generally could negatively affect our ability to attract, motivate and retain Runners.


Tesla believes that its vehicles compete in the market both based on their traditional segment classification as well as based on their propulsion technology. For example, Model S and Model X compete primarily with premium sedans and premium SUVs, and Model 3 and Model Y compete with small to medium-sized sedans and compact SUVs, which are extremely competitive markets. Competing products typically include internal combustion vehicles from more established automobile manufacturers; however, many established and new automobile manufacturers have entered or have announced plans to enter the market for electric and other alternative fuel vehicles. Many major automobile manufacturers have electric vehicles available today in major markets including the US, China and Europe, and other current and prospective automobile manufacturers are also developing electric vehicles. In addition, several manufacturers offer hybrid vehicles, including plug-in versions.  
'''Adverse publicity associated with the Company’s clients or recruiting program, or those of similar companies, could harm the Company’s financial condition and operating results.'''


Tesla also believes that there is increasing competition for its vehicle offerings as a platform for delivering self-driving technologies, charging offerings and other features and services, and it expects to compete in this developing market through continued progress on its autopilot, full self-driving and neural network capabilities, Supercharger network and its infotainment offerings.
Adverse publicity concerning any actual or purported failure of the Company, its employees or its clients to comply with applicable laws and regulations, engage in good employment practices, or effectively manage the client/Runner matching process, or any other aspect of its business, whether or not resulting in enforcement actions or the imposition of penalties, could have an adverse effect on the goodwill of the Company and could negatively affect its ability to attract clients, or attract, motivate and retain Runners, which would negatively impact its ability to generate revenue. We cannot ensure that all clients or employees will comply with applicable legal requirements or engage in good employment practices.


===Energy generation and storage===
'''A global economic downturn could result in a reduced demand for our services and increased volatility in our revenues.'''


====Energy Storage Systems====
Uncertainty about current and future economic conditions may cause our clients to reign in their spending generally, the impact of which may be that they stop or delay their Runner engagements. If these general economic conditions persist or continue to worsen, our future operating results could be adversely affected, particularly relative to our current expectations. In addition, reduced consumer spending may drive us and our competitors to offer services at promotional prices, which would have a negative impact on gross profit. A continued softening in consumer sales may adversely affect our clients’ industries, businesses and results of operations, as well as our own. Consequently, demand for our services could be materially different from expectations, which could negatively affect our results of operations and cause our revenues to decline. In addition, financial market volatility or credit market disruptions may limit our access to capital and may also negatively affect our clients’ ability to obtain credit to finance their businesses on acceptable terms. As a result, our clients’ needs and ability to purchase our services may decrease. Any inability of clients to pay us for our services may adversely affect our operations and cash flow.


The market for energy storage products is also highly competitive, and both established and emerging companies have introduced products that are similar to Tesla's product portfolio or that are alternatives to the elements of its systems. Tesla competes with these companies based on price, energy density and efficiency. Tesla believes that the things that give it a competitive advantage in its markets are: the specifications and features of its products, its strong brand and the modular, scalable nature of its energy storage products.  
'''Liability for inaccurate information or misuse of information could adversely impact our financial condition and operations.'''


====Solar Energy Systems====
Under general legal concepts and, in some instances, by specific state and federal statute, the Company could be held liable to our clients and/or to its employees for inaccurate information or misuse of the information derived from its employee screening vendors. Runner maintains internal policies designed to help ensure that background information it retrieves on its employees is accurate, but a failure to comply with those policies may result in inaccurate employee background information or the misuse of such information. Uninsured losses from such claims could adversely impact the operations and financial condition of the Company.


The primary competitors to its solar energy business are the traditional local utility companies that supply energy to Tesla's potential customers. Tesla competes with these traditional utility companies primarily based on price and the ease by which customers can switch to electricity generated by Tesla's solar energy systems. Tesla also competes with solar energy companies that provide products and services similar to it. Many solar energy companies only install solar energy systems, while others only provide financing for these installations.
'''We may not be able to obtain or maintain sufficient insurance on commercially reasonable terms or with adequate coverage against potential liabilities in order to protect ourselves against liability or workers compensation claims.'''


==Team ==
Our business exposes us to potential liability and workers compensation risks that are inherent in the employment staffing service industry. We may become subject to liability claims resulting from the use of our services. In addition, liability insurance is becoming increasingly expensive. Being unable to obtain or maintain liability insurance in the future on acceptable terms or with adequate coverage against potential liabilities could have a material adverse effect on our business.


===Leadership===
'''We have a limited operating history upon which you can evaluate our performance, and accordingly, our prospects must be considered in light of the risks that any new company encounters.'''


====Chief Executive Officer====
The Company is still in an early phase and we are just beginning to implement our business plan. There can be no assurance that we will ever operate profitably. The likelihood of our success should be considered in light of the problems, expenses, difficulties, complications and delays usually encountered by early stage companies. The Company may not be successful in attaining the objectives necessary for it to overcome these risks and uncertainties.


[[File:Elon Musk Royal Society (crop2).jpg|200px]]
'''Global crises such as COVID-19 can have a significant effect on our business operations and revenue projections.'''


Elon Musk is the Chief Executive Officer of Tesla and has served the position since October 2008 and as a member of the Board since April 2004. Elon has also served as Chief Executive Officer, Chief Technology Officer and Chairman of Space Exploration Technologies Corporation, an advanced rocket and spacecraft manufacturing and services company (“SpaceX ”), since May 2002, and served as Chairman of the Board of SolarCity Corporation, a solar installation company, from July 2006 until its acquisition by Tesla in November 2016. Elon is also a founder of The Boring Company, an infrastructure company, and of Neuralink Corp., a company focused on developing brain-machine interfaces. Prior to SpaceX, Elon co-founded PayPal, an electronic payment system, which was acquired by eBay in October 2002, and Zip2 Corporation, a provider of Internet enterprise software and services, which was acquired by Compaq in March 1999. Elon has also served on the board of directors of Endeavor Group Holdings, Inc. since April 2021. Elon holds a B.A. in physics from the University of Pennsylvania and a B.S. in business from the Wharton School of the University of Pennsylvania.
With the economic impact of COVID-19 potentially continuing throughout 2022 and into the future, the Company’s revenue may be adversely affected.


====Chief Financial Officer====
'''The amount of capital the Company is attempting to raise in this Offering may not be enough to sustain the Company’s current business plan.'''


[[File:Zachary Kirkhorn.jpg|200px]]
In order to achieve the Company’s near and long-term goals, the Company may need to procure funds in addition to the amount raised in the Offering. There is no guarantee the Company will be able to raise such funds on acceptable terms or at all. If we are not able to raise sufficient capital in the future, we may not be able to execute our business plan, our continued operations will be in jeopardy and we may be forced to cease operations and sell or otherwise transfer all or substantially all of our remaining assets, which could cause an Investor to lose all or a portion of their investment.


Zachary Kirkhorn is Chief Financial Officer of Tesla and served the position since March 2019. Previously, Zach served in various finance positions continuously since joining Tesla in March 2010, other than between August 2011 and June 2013 during which he attended business school, including most recently as Vice President, Finance, Financial Planning and Business Operations from December 2018 to March 2019. Zach holds dual B.S.E. degrees in economics and mechanical engineering and applied mechanics from the University of Pennsylvania and an M.B.A. from Harvard University.
'''We may face potential difficulties in obtaining capital.'''


====Senior Vice President====
We may have difficulty raising needed capital in the future as a result of, among other factors, our lack of revenues from sales, as well as the inherent business risks associated with our Company and present and future market conditions. We will require additional funds to execute our business strategy and conduct our operations. If adequate funds are unavailable, we may be required to delay, reduce the scope of or eliminate one or more of our research, development or commercialization programs, service launches or marketing efforts, any of which may materially harm our business, financial condition and results of operations.


[[File:Drew.jpg|200px]]
'''We may implement new lines of business or offer new products and services within existing lines of business.'''


Andrew Baglino has served as Tesla's Senior Vice President, Powertrain and Energy Engineering since October 2019. Previously, Drew served in various engineering positions continuously since joining Tesla in March 2006. Drew holds a B.S. in electrical engineering from Stanford University.
As an early-stage company, we may implement new lines of business at any time. There are substantial risks and uncertainties associated with these efforts, particularly in instances where the markets are not fully developed. In developing and marketing new lines of business and/or new products and services, we may invest significant time and resources. Initial timetables for the introduction and development of new lines of business and/or new products or services may not be achieved, and price and profitability targets may not prove feasible. We may not be successful in introducing new products and services in response to industry trends or developments in technology, or those new products may not achieve market acceptance. As a result, we could lose business, be forced to price products and services on less advantageous terms to retain or attract clients or be subject to cost increases. As a result, our business, financial condition or results of operations may be adversely affected.


===Board of Directors===
'''We rely on various intellectual property rights, including trademarks, in order to operate our business.'''


'''Elon Musk'''
The Company relies on certain intellectual property rights to operate its business. The Company’s intellectual property rights may not be sufficiently broad or otherwise may not provide us a significant competitive advantage. In addition, the steps that we have taken or will take to maintain and protect our intellectual property may not prevent it from being challenged, invalidated, circumvented or designed-around, particularly in countries where intellectual property rights are not highly developed or protected. In some circumstances, enforcement may not be available to us because an infringer has a dominant intellectual property position or for other business reasons, or countries may require compulsory licensing of our intellectual property. Our failure to obtain or maintain intellectual property rights that convey competitive advantage, adequately protect our intellectual property or detect or prevent circumvention or unauthorized use of such property, could adversely impact our competitive position and results of operations. We also rely on nondisclosure and noncompetition agreements with employees, consultants and other parties to protect, in part, trade secrets and other proprietary rights. There can be no assurance that these agreements will adequately protect our trade secrets and other proprietary rights and will not be breached, that we will have adequate remedies for any breach, that others will not independently develop substantially equivalent proprietary information or that third parties will not otherwise gain access to our trade secrets or other proprietary rights. As we expand our business, protecting our intellectual property will become increasingly important. The protective steps we have taken may be inadequate to deter our competitors from using our proprietary information. In order to protect or enforce our patent rights, we may be required to initiate litigation against third parties, such as infringement lawsuits. Also, these third parties may assert claims against us with or without provocation. These lawsuits could be expensive, take significant time and could divert management’s attention from other business concerns. The law relating to the scope and validity of claims in the technology field in which we operate is still evolving and, consequently, intellectual property positions in our industry are generally uncertain. We cannot assure you that we will prevail in any of these potential suits or that the damages or other remedies awarded, if any, would be commercially valuable.


For information about Elon Musk, see "Chief Executive Officer" section above.
'''The Company’s success depends on the experience and skill of its executive officers and key employees.'''


'''Robyn M. Denholm'''
We are dependent on our executive officers and key employees. These persons may not devote their full time and attention to the matters of the Company. The loss of our executive officers and key employees could harm the Company’s business, financial condition, cash flow and results of operations.


[[File:894px-2018-05-16-cebit-robyn-m-denholm-portrait.jpg|200px]]
'''Although dependent on certain key personnel, the Company does not have any key person life insurance policies on any such people.'''


Robyn M. Denholm has served as a director since August 2014 and as Chair since November 2018. Since January 2021, Ms. Denholm has been an operating partner of Blackbird Ventures, a venture capital firm. From January 2017 through June 2019, Ms. Denholm was with Telstra Corporation Limited, a telecommunications company, as Chief Financial Officer and Head of Strategy from October 2018 through June 2019, and Chief Operations Officer from January 2017 to October 2018. Prior to Telstra, from August 2007 to February 2016, Ms. Denholm was with Juniper Networks, Inc., a manufacturer of networking equipment (“Juniper”), serving first as its Executive Vice President and Chief Financial Officer and then as its Executive Vice President and Chief Financial and Operations Officer. Prior to joining Juniper, Ms. Denholm served in various executive roles at Sun Microsystems, Inc. from January 1996 to August 2007. Ms. Denholm also served at Toyota Motor Corporation Australia for seven years and at Arthur Andersen & Company for five years in various finance assignments. Ms. Denholm is a Fellow of the Institute of Chartered Accountants of Australia/New Zealand, a member of the Australian Institute of Company Directors, and holds a Bachelor’s degree in Economics from the University of Sydney and a Master’s degree in Commerce and a Doctor of Business Administration (honoris causa) from the University of New South Wales.
We are dependent on certain key personnel in order to conduct our operations and execute our business plan, however, the Company has not purchased any insurance policies with respect to those individuals in the event of their death or disability. Therefore, if any of these personnel die or become disabled, the Company will not receive any compensation to assist with such person’s absence. The loss of such person could negatively affect the Company and our operations. We have no way to guarantee key personnel will stay with the Company, as many states do not enforce noncompetition agreements, and therefore acquiring key man insurance will not ameliorate all of the risk of relying on key personnel.


'''Ira Ehrenpreis'''
'''Damage to our reputation could negatively impact our business, financial condition and results of operations.'''


[[File:1516155738122.jpg|200px]]
Our reputation and the quality of our brand are critical to our business and success in existing markets, and will be critical to our success as we enter new markets. Any incident that erodes consumer loyalty for our brand could significantly reduce its value and damage our business. We may be adversely affected by any negative publicity, regardless of its accuracy. Also, there has been a marked increase in the use of social media platforms and similar devices, including blogs, social media websites and other forms of internet-based communications that provide individuals with access to a broad audience of consumers and other interested persons. The availability of information on social media platforms is virtually immediate as is its impact. Information posted may be adverse to our interests or may be inaccurate, each of which may harm our performance, prospects or business. The harm may be immediate and may disseminate rapidly and broadly, without affording us an opportunity for redress or correction.


Ira Ehrenpreis is Founder and Managing Partner of DBL Partners, a leading impact investing venture capital firm, currently managing more than $1 billion of capital. DBL invests in companies that can deliver top-tier financial returns, while simultaneously driving social or environmental change.
'''We operate in a highly regulated environment, and if we are found to be in violation of any of the federal, state, or local laws or regulations applicable to us, our business could suffer.'''


Ira is a recognized leader in the venture capital industry, having served on the Board, Executive Committee, and as Annual Meeting Chairman of the National Venture Capital Association (NVCA). He currently serves as the President of the Western Association of Venture Capitalists (WAVC) and as the Chairman of the VCNetwork, the largest and most active California venture capital organization.
We are also subject to a wide range of federal, state, and local laws and regulations, such as local licensing requirements, and debt collection, consumer protection, health and safety, creditor, wage-hour, anti-discrimination, whistleblower and other employment practices laws and regulations and we expect these costs to increase going forward. The violation of these or future requirements or laws and regulations could result in administrative, civil, or criminal sanctions against us, which may include fines, a cease and desist order against the subject operations or even revocation or suspension of our license to operate the subject business. As a result, we have incurred and will continue to incur capital and operating expenditures and other costs to comply with these requirements and laws and regulations.


Ira was awarded the 2018 NACD Directorship 100 for being “one of the most influential leaders in the boardroom and corporate governance community.” In 2007, he was named one of the “Top 50 Most Influential Men Under 45" and in 2014 was inducted into the International Green Industry Hall of Fame.
'''Our business could be negatively impacted by cyber security threats, attacks and other disruptions.'''


Ira has served for several years as the Chairman of the Silicon Valley Technology Innovation & Entrepreneurship Forum (SVIEF). He is the Founder and Chairman of one of the most prominent annual energy innovation industry events, the World Energy Innovation Forum (WEIF), which has convened the who's-who in the industry to discuss the important energy issues and opportunities of our time. In addition, Ira has served on several industry Boards, including the Department of Energy’s (DOE) Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy Advisory Committee (ERAC), the National Renewable Energy Laboratory (NREL) Advisory Council, the Clean-Tech Investor Summit (Chairman), the Renewable Energy Finance Forum (REFF) West (Co-Chairman), the Renewable Energy Finance Forum (REFF) Wall Street (Co-Chairman), the Cleantech Venture Network (Past Chairman of Advisory Board), and ACORE (American Council on Renewable Energy).
We continue to face advanced and persistent attacks on our information infrastructure where we manage and store various proprietary information and sensitive/confidential data relating to our operations. These attacks may include sophisticated malware (viruses, worms, and other malicious software programs) and phishing emails that attack our services or otherwise exploit any security vulnerabilities. These intrusions sometimes may be zero-day malware that are difficult to identify because they are not included in the signature set of commercially available antivirus scanning programs. Experienced computer programmers and hackers may be able to penetrate our network security and misappropriate or compromise our confidential information or that of our clients or other third-parties, create system disruptions, or cause shutdowns. Additionally, sophisticated software and applications that we produce or procure from third-parties may contain defects in design or manufacture, including “bugs” and other problems that could unexpectedly interfere with the operation of the information infrastructure. A disruption, infiltration or failure of our information infrastructure systems or any of our data centers as a result of software or hardware malfunctions, computer viruses, cyber-attacks, employee theft or misuse, power disruptions, natural disasters or accidents could cause breaches of data security, loss of critical data and performance delays, which in turn could adversely affect our business.


Ira has served as the Chairman of the Silicon Valley Technology Innovation & Entrepreneurship Forum (SVIEF) for many years. He is also an active leader at Stanford University, where he has served on the Board of Visitors of Stanford Law School and is currently an advisory board member of the Stanford Global Climate and Energy Project (GCEP) and the Stanford Precourt Institute for Energy (PIE) Advisory Council. Ira has also been a guest lecturer, including helping to teach a course on Venture Capital. In addition, Ira served for many years on the Advisory Board of the Forum for Women Entrepreneurs (FWE).
'''Security breaches of confidential client information or confidential employee information may adversely affect our business.'''


Ira received his JD/MBA from Stanford Graduate School of Business and Stanford Law School, where he was an Associate Editor of Stanford Law Review. He holds a B.A. from the University of California, Los Angeles, graduating Phi Beta Kappa and Summa Cum Laude.  
Our business requires the collection, transmission and retention of personally identifiable information, in various information technology systems that we maintain and in those maintained by third parties with whom we contract to provide services. The integrity and protection of that data is critical to us. The information, security and privacy requirements imposed by governmental regulation are increasingly demanding. Our systems may not be able to satisfy these changing requirements and client and employee expectations, or may require significant additional investments or time in order to do so. A breach in the security of our information technology systems or those of our service providers could lead to an interruption in the operation of our systems, resulting in operational inefficiencies and a loss of profits. Additionally, a significant theft, loss or misappropriation of, or access to, clients’ or other proprietary data or other breach of our information technology systems could result in fines, legal claims or proceedings.


'''Larry Ellison'''
'''There is no present market for the Securities and we have arbitrarily set the price.'''


[[File:1029px-Larry Ellison picture.png|200px]]
The Offering price was not established in a competitive market. We have arbitrarily set the price of the Securities with reference to the general status of the securities market and other relevant factors. The Offering price for the Securities should not be considered an indication of the actual value of the Securities and is not based on our asset value, net worth, revenues or other established criteria of value. We cannot guarantee that the Securities can be resold at the Offering price or at any other price.


Lawrence J. Ellison has been a member of the Board since December 2018. Mr. Ellison is the founder of Oracle Corporation, a software and technology company, has served as its Chief Technical Officer since September 2014 and previously served as its Chief Executive Officer from June 1977 to September 2014. Mr. Ellison has also served on Oracle’s board of directors since June 1977, including as its Chairman since September 2014 and previously from May 1995 to January 2004.
'''The use of individually identifiable data by our business, our business associates and third parties is regulated at the state, federal and international levels.'''


'''Hiro Mizuno'''
The regulation of individual data is changing rapidly, and in unpredictable ways. A change in regulation could adversely affect our business, including causing our business model to no longer be viable. Costs associated with information security – such as investment in technology, the costs of compliance with consumer protection laws and costs resulting from consumer fraud – could cause our business and results of operations to suffer materially. Additionally, the success of our online operations depends upon the secure transmission of confidential information over public networks, including the use of cashless payments. The intentional or negligent actions of employees, business associates or third parties may undermine our security measures. As a result, unauthorized parties may obtain access to our data systems and misappropriate confidential data. There can be no assurance that advances in computer capabilities, new discoveries in the field of cryptography or other developments will prevent the compromise of our client transaction processing capabilities and personal data. If any such compromise of our security or the security of information residing with our business associates or third parties were to occur, it could have a material adverse effect on our reputation, operating results and financial condition. Any compromise of our data security may materially increase the costs we incur to protect against such breaches and could subject us to additional legal risk.


[[File:9H 8h7tW40QNtdH1Y ZsVOj-lnmRMD4R2MAuxy1ajM.jpg|200px]]
'''The Company is not subject to Sarbanes-Oxley regulations and may lack the financial controls and procedures of public companies.'''


Hiromichi Mizuno has been a member of Board since April 2020. Since January 2021, Mr. Mizuno has served as the United Nations Special Envoy on Innovative Finance and Sustainable Investments. From January 2015 to March 2020, Mr. Mizuno served as Executive Managing Director and Chief Investment Officer of Japan’s Government Pension Investment Fund, the largest pension fund in the world. Previously, Mr. Mizuno was a partner at Coller Capital, a private equity firm, from 2003. In addition to being a career-long finance and investment professional, Mr. Mizuno has served as a board member of numerous business, government and other organizations, currently including the Mission Committee of Danone S.A., a global food products company, and the World Economic Forum’s Global Future Council. Mr. Mizuno is also involved in academia, having been named to leadership or advisory roles at Harvard University, Oxford University, University of Cambridge, Northwestern University and Osaka University. Mr. Mizuno holds a B.A. in Law from Osaka City University and an M.B.A. from the Kellogg Graduate School of Management at Northwestern University.
The Company may not have the internal control infrastructure that would meet the standards of a public company, including the requirements of the Sarbanes Oxley Act of 2002. As a privately-held (non-public) Company, the Company is currently not subject to the Sarbanes Oxley Act of 2002, and its financial and disclosure controls and procedures reflect its status as a development stage, non-public company. There can be no guarantee that there are no significant deficiencies or material weaknesses in the quality of the Company's financial and disclosure controls and procedures. If it were necessary to implement such financial and disclosure controls and procedures, the cost to the Company of such compliance could be substantial and could have a material adverse effect on the Company’s results of operations.


'''James Murdoch'''
'''State and federal securities laws are complex, and the Company could potentially be found to have not complied with all relevant state and federal securities law in prior offerings of securities.'''


[[File:James Murdoch 2008- NRKbeta.jpg|200px]]
The Company has conducted previous offerings of securities and may not have complied with all relevant state and federal securities laws. If a court or regulatory body with the required jurisdiction ever concluded that the Company may have violated state or federal securities laws, any such violation could result in the Company being required to offer rescission rights to investors in such offering. If such investors exercised their rescission rights, the Company would have to pay to such investors an amount of funds equal to the purchase price paid by such investors plus interest from the date of any such purchase. No assurances can be given the Company will, if it is required to offer such investors a rescission right, have sufficient funds to pay the prior investors the amounts required or that proceeds from this Offering would not be used to pay such amounts. In addition, if the Company violated federal or state securities laws in connection with a prior offering and/or sale of its securities, federal or state regulators could bring an enforcement, regulatory and/or other legal action against the Company which, among other things, could result in the Company having to pay substantial fines and be prohibited from selling securities in the future.


James Murdoch has been a member of the Board since July 2017. Since March 2019, Mr. Murdoch has been the Chief Executive Officer of Lupa Systems, a private investment company that he founded. Previously, Mr. Murdoch held a number of leadership roles at Twenty-First Century Fox, Inc. (“21CF”), a media company, over two decades, including its Chief Executive Officer from 2015 to March 2019, its Co-Chief Operating Officer from 2014 to 2015, its Deputy Chief Operating Officer and Chairman and Chief Executive Officer, International from 2011 to 2014 and its Chairman and Chief Executive, Europe and Asia from 2007 to 2011. Previously, he served as the Chief Executive Officer of Sky plc from 2003 to 2007, and as the Chairman and Chief Executive Officer of STAR Group Limited, a subsidiary of 21CF, from 2000 to 2003. Mr. Murdoch also formerly served on the boards of News Corporation from 2013 to July 2020, of 21CF from 2017 to 2019, of Sky plc from 2016 to 2018, of GlaxoSmithKline plc from 2009 to 2012 and of Sotheby’s from 2010 to 2012.
'''The U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission does not pass upon the merits of the Securities or the terms of the Offering, nor does it pass upon the accuracy or completeness of any Offering document or literature.'''


'''Kimbal Musk'''
You should not rely on the fact that our Form C is accessible through the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission’s EDGAR filing system as an approval, endorsement or guarantee of compliance as it relates to this Offering. The U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission has not reviewed this Form C, nor any document or literature related to this Offering.


[[File:771px-KIMBAL MUSK OFFICIAL HEADSHOT.jpg|200px]]
'''Neither the Offering nor the Securities have been registered under federal or state securities laws.'''


Kimbal Musk is Co-Founder of The Kitchen, a growing family of businesses that pursues an America where everyone has access to real food. Kimbal is a 2017 Social Entrepreneur by the Schwab Foundation, a sister organization to the World Economic Forum, for his impactful, scalable work to bring Real Food to Everyone.
No governmental agency has reviewed or passed upon this Offering or the Securities. Neither the Offering nor the Securities have been registered under federal or state securities laws. Investors will not receive any of the benefits available in registered offerings, which may include access to quarterly and annual financial statements that have been audited by an independent accounting firm. Investors must therefore assess the adequacy of disclosure and the fairness of the terms of this Offering based on the information provided in this Form C and the accompanying exhibits.


His family of restaurant concepts serve real food at every price point. They source food from American farmers, stimulating the local farm economy to the tune of millions of dollars a year. His non-profit organization builds permanent, outdoor Learning Garden classrooms in underserved schools around the U.S. reaching over 125,000 students everyday. His urban, indoor vertical farming accelerator, seeks to empower thousands of young entrepreneurs to become real food farmers.
'''The Company's management may have broad discretion in how the Company uses the net proceeds of the Offering.'''


Kimbal is on the board for Chipotle, Tesla, and SpaceX.
Unless the Company has agreed to a specific use of the proceeds from the Offering, the Company’s management will have considerable discretion over the use of proceeds from the Offering. You may not have the opportunity, as part of your investment decision, to assess whether the proceeds are being used appropriately.


'''Kathleen Wilson-Thompson'''
'''The Company has the right to limit individual Investor commitment amounts based on the Company’s determination of an Investor’s sophistication.'''


[[File:Kathleen-Wilson-Thompson-Most-Influential-HR-Leader.jpg|200px]]
The Company may prevent any Investor from committing more than a certain amount in this Offering based on the Company’s determination of the Investor’s sophistication and ability to assume the risk of the investment. This means that your desired investment amount may be limited or lowered based solely on the Company’s determination and not in line with relevant investment limits set forth by the Regulation CF rules. This also means that other Investors may receive larger allocations of the Offering based solely on the Company’s determination.


Kathleen Wilson-Thompson has been a member of the Board since December 2018. Ms. Wilson-Thompson previously served as Executive Vice President and Global Chief Human Resources Officer of Walgreens Boots Alliance, Inc., a global pharmacy and wellbeing company, from December 2014 to January 2021, and as Senior Vice President and Chief Human Resources Officer from January 2010 to December 2014. Prior to Walgreens, Ms. Wilson-Thompson held various legal and operational roles at The Kellogg Company, a food manufacturing company, from July 2005 to December 2009, including most recently as its Senior Vice President, Global Human Resources. Ms. Wilson-Thompson also serves on the boards of directors of Wolverine World Wide, Inc. Ms. Wilson-Thompson holds an A.B. in English Literature from the University of Michigan and a J.D. and L.L.M. (Corporate and Finance Law) from Wayne State University.
'''The Company has the right to extend the Offering Deadline.'''


==Financials==
The Company may extend the Offering Deadline beyond what is currently stated herein. This means that your investment may continue to be held in escrow while the Company attempts to raise the Target Offering Amount even after the Offering Deadline stated herein is reached. While you have the right to cancel your investment in the event the Company extends the Offering Deadline, if you choose to reconfirm your investment, your investment will not be accruing interest during this time and will simply be held until such time as the new Offering Deadline is reached without the Company receiving the Target Offering Amount, at which time it will be returned to you without interest or deduction, or the Company receives the Target Offering Amount, at which time it will be released to the Company to be used as set forth herein. Upon or shortly after the release of such funds to the Company, the Securities will be issued and distributed to you.


=== Historic ===
'''The Company may also end the Offering early.'''
'''Most recent quarter'''


During the three months ended 31st March 2022, net income increased to $3.32 billion on revenues of $18.76 billion, representing a respective increase of 7x and 81% compared to the prior year, and equating to a net income margin of 18%. The company ended the quarter with cash of $18.01 billion, representing an increase of 2% from the end of 2021.  
If the Target Offering Amount is met after 21 calendar days, but before the Offering Deadline, the Company can end the Offering by providing notice to Investors at least 5 business days prior to the end of the Offering. This means your failure to participate in the Offering in a timely manner, may prevent you from being able to invest in this Offering – it also means the Company may limit the amount of capital it can raise during the Offering by ending the Offering early.


'''Most recent year'''
'''The Company has the right to conduct multiple closings during the Offering.'''


For the fiscal (and calendar) year 2021, Tesla reported a net income of $5.52 billion.<ref name="Tesla4Q2021final" /> The annual revenue was $53.8 billion, an increase of 71% over the previous fiscal year.<ref name="Tesla4Q2021final" />
If the Company meets certain terms and conditions, an intermediate close of the Offering can occur, which will allow the Company to draw down on seventy percent (70%) of the proceeds committed and captured in the Offering during the relevant period. The Company may choose to continue the Offering thereafter. Investors should be mindful that this means they can make multiple investment commitments in the Offering, which may be subject to different cancellation rights. For example, if an intermediate close occurs and later a material change occurs as the Offering continues, Investors whose investment commitments were previously closed upon will not have the right to re-confirm their investment as it will be deemed to have been completed prior to the material change.


'''All periods'''
'''The Securities will not be freely tradable under the Securities Act until one year from the initial purchase date. Although the Securities may be tradable under federal securities law, state securities regulations may apply, and each Investor should consult with their attorney.'''


{| class="wikitable"
You should be aware of the long-term nature of this investment. There is not now and likely will not ever be a public market for the Securities. Because the Securities have not been registered under the Securities Act or under the securities laws of any state or foreign jurisdiction, the Securities have transfer restrictions and cannot be resold in the United States except pursuant to Rule 501 of Regulation CF. It is not currently contemplated that registration under the Securities Act or other securities laws will be effected. Limitations on the transfer of the Securities may also adversely affect the price that you might be able to obtain for the Securities in a private sale. Investors should be aware of the long-term nature of their investment in the Company. Each Investor in this Offering will be required to represent that they are purchasing the Securities for their own account, for investment purposes and not with a view to resale or distribution thereof.
|+Income statement<ref>Source: Stockhub Limited</ref><ref group="Note" name="Note04" />
|-
!Year
!'''1''' !!'''2'''!!'''3'''!!'''4'''!!'''5'''
!'''6'''
!'''7'''
!'''8'''
!'''9'''
!'''10'''
!'''11'''
!'''12'''
!'''13'''
!'''14'''
!'''15'''
!'''16'''
!'''17'''
|-
|Year end date||31/12/2005||31/12/2006<ref name=":12" /><ref name="SEC" />||31/12/2007||31/12/2008 ||31/12/2009
|31/12/2010<ref name="SEC" />
|31/12/2011<ref name="SEC" />
|31/12/2012<ref name="SEC" />
|31/12/2013<ref name="SEC" />
|31/12/2014<ref name="SEC" />
|31/12/2015<ref name="SEC" />
|31/12/2016<ref name="SEC" />
|31/12/2017<ref name="SEC" />
|31/12/2018<ref name="SEC" />
|31/12/2019<ref name="SEC" />
|31/12/2020<ref name="SEC" />
|31/12/2021<ref name="SEC" />
|-
|Revenues ($'million)|| 0||0||0.073||15||112
|117
|204
|413
|2,013
|3,198
|4,046
|7,000
|11,759
|21,461
|24,578
|31,536
|53,823
|-
|Gross profits ($'million)|| || || || ||
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|-
|Operating profits ($'million)|| || || || ||
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|-
|Net profits ($'million)||style="color: red;" |-12||style="color: red;" |-30||style="color: red;" |-78||style="color: red;" |-83|| style="color: red;" |−56
|style="color: red;" |−154
|style="color: red;" |−254
|style="color: red;" |−396
|style="color: red;" |−74
|style="color: red;" |−294
|style="color: red;" |−889
|style="color: red;" |−675
|style="color: red;" |−1,962
|style="color: red;" |−976
|style="color: red;" |−862
|721
|5,519
|}


{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:right;"
'''Investors will not have voting rights, even upon conversion of the Securities and will grant a third-party nominee broad power and authority to act on their behalf.'''
|-
!Year
!Total assets<br />($'million)
!Employees
|-
|align=left|2005
|  8
|
|-
|align=left|2006<ref name=":12">{{cite web|url=https://www.mercurynews.com/2014/07/14/2006-san-carlos-start-up-tesla-seeks-sexier-electric-car/|title=2006: San Carlos start-up Tesla seeks sexier electric car|date=July 14, 2014}}</ref><ref name=SEC />
|  44
|  70
|-
|align=left|2007
|  34
| 268
|-
|align=left|2008
|  52
| 252
|-
|align=left|2009
| 130
| 514
|-
|align=left|2010<ref name=SEC>{{cite web | url=https://www.sec.gov/edgar/browse/?CIK=1318605 | title=Tesla, Inc. TSLA on Nasdaq | publisher=[[U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission]]}}</ref>
|  386
|  899
|-
|align=left|2011<ref name=SEC />
|  713
|1,417
|-
|align=left|2012<ref name=SEC />
|1,114
|2,914
|-
|align=left|2013<ref name=SEC />
|2,417
|5,859
|-
|align=left|2014<ref name=SEC />
|5,831
|10,161
|-
|align=left|2015<ref name=SEC />
|8,068
|13,058
|-
|align=left|2016<ref name=SEC />
|22,664
|17,782
|-
|align=left|2017<ref name=SEC />
|28,655
|37,543
|-
|align=left|2018<ref name=SEC />
|29,740
|48,817
|-
|align=left|2019<ref name=SEC />
|34,309
|48,016
|-
|align=left|2020<ref name=SEC />
|52,148
|70,757
|-
|align=left|2021<ref name=SEC />
|62,131
|99,290
|}


=== Forward ===
In connection with investing in this Offering to purchase a Crowd SAFE ((Simple Agreement for Future Equity) investors will designate Republic Investment Services LLC (f/k/a NextSeed Services, LLC) (“Nominee”) to act on their behalf as agent and proxy in all respects. The Nominee will be entitled, among other things, to exercise any voting rights (if any) conferred upon the holder of a Crowd SAFE or any securities acquired upon their conversion, to execute on behalf of an investor all transaction documents related to the transaction or other corporate event causing the conversion of the Crowd SAFE, and as part of the conversion process the Nominee has the authority to open an account in the name of a qualified custodian, of the Nominee’s sole discretion, to take custody of any securities acquired upon conversion of the Crowd SAFE. Thus, by participating in the Offering, investors will grant broad discretion to a third party (the Nominee and its agents) to take various actions on their behalf, and investors will essentially not be able to vote upon matters related to the governance and affairs of the Company nor take or effect actions that might otherwise be available to holders of the Crowd SAFE and any securities acquired upon their conversion. Investors should not participate in the Offering unless he, she or it is willing to waive or assign certain rights that might otherwise be afforded to a holder of the Crowd SAFE to the Nominee and grant broad authority to the Nominee to take certain actions on behalf of the investor, including changing title to the Security.


====What are the financial forecasts?====
'''Investors will not become equity holders until the Company decides to convert the Securities into “CF Shadow Securities” (the type of equity securities issuable upon conversion of the Securities) or until there is a change of control or sale of substantially all of the Company’s assets.'''
=====Income statement=====


{| class="wikitable"
Investors will not have an ownership claim to the Company or to any of its assets or revenues for an indefinite amount of time and depending on when and how the Securities are converted, the Investors may never become equity holders of the Company. Investors will not become equity holders of the Company unless the Company receives a future round of financing great enough to trigger a conversion and the Company elects to convert the Securities into CF Shadow Securities. The Company is under no obligation to convert the Securities into CF Shadow Securities. In certain instances, such as a sale of the Company or substantially all of its assets, an initial public offering or a dissolution or bankruptcy, the Investors may only have a right to receive cash, to the extent available, rather than equity in the Company. Further, the Investor may never become an equity holder, merely a beneficial owner of an equity interest, should the Company or the Nominee decide to move the Crowd SAFE or the securities issuable thereto into a custodial relationship.
|+Income statement<ref>Source: Stockhub Limited</ref><ref group="Note" name="Note04" />
|-
!Year
!'''1''' !!'''2'''!!'''3'''!!'''4'''!!'''5'''
!'''6'''
!'''7'''
!'''8'''
!'''9'''
!'''10'''
!'''11'''
!'''12'''
!'''13'''
!'''14'''
!'''15'''
!'''16'''
!'''17'''
!'''18'''
!'''19'''
!'''20'''
!'''21'''
!'''22'''
!'''23'''
!'''24'''
!'''25'''
!'''26'''
!'''27'''
!'''28'''
!'''29'''
!'''30'''
!'''31'''
!'''32'''
!'''33'''
!'''34'''
!'''35'''
!'''36'''
!'''37'''
!'''38'''
!'''39'''
!'''40'''
!'''41'''
!'''42'''
|-
|Year end date||31/12/2022||31/12/2023||31/12/2024||31/12/2025 ||31/12/2026
|31/12/2027
|31/12/2028
|31/12/2029
|31/12/2030
|31/12/2031
|31/12/2032
|31/12/2033
|31/12/2034
|31/12/2035
|31/12/2036
|31/12/2037
|31/12/2038
|31/12/2039
|31/12/2040
|31/12/2041
|31/12/2042
|31/12/2043
|31/12/2044
|31/12/2045
|31/12/2046
|31/12/2047
|31/12/2048
|31/12/2049
|31/12/2050
|31/12/2051
|31/12/2052
|31/12/2053
|31/12/2054
|31/12/2055
|31/12/2056
|31/12/2057
|31/12/2058
|31/12/2059
|31/12/2060
|31/12/2061
|31/12/2062
|31/12/2063
|-
|Revenues ($'million)|| $78,935||$112,257||$154,816||$207,049||$268,527
|$337,721
|$411,894
|$487,157
|$558,739
|$621,448
|$670,282
|$701,078
|$711,102
|$699,445
|$667,163
|$617,116
|$553,551
|$481,510
|$406,171
|$332,253
|$263,564
|$202,749
|$151,247
|$109,414
|$76,757
|$52,217
|$34,448
|$22,038
|$13,673
|$8,226
|$4,799
|$2,715
|$1,490
|$793
|$409
|$205
|$99
|$47
|$21
|$9
|$4
|$2
|-
|Gross profits ($'million)||$23,680||$33,677||$46,445||$62,115||$80,558
|$101,316
|$185,352
|$219,221
|$251,432
|$279,652
|$301,627
|$315,485
|$319,996
|$314,750
|$300,223
|$277,702
|$249,098
|$216,679
|$182,777
|$149,514
|$118,604
|$91,237
|$68,061
|$49,236
|$34,541
|$23,498
|$15,502
|$9,917
|$6,153
|$3,702
|$2,160
|$1,222
|$670
|$357
|$184
|$92
|$45
|$21
|$10
|$4
|$2
|$1
|-
|Operating profits ($'million)||$11,840||$16,839||$23,222||$31,057||$40,279
|$50,658
|$123,568
|$146,147
|$167,622
|$186,434
|$201,085
|$210,323
|$213,331
|$209,834
|$200,149
|$185,135
|$166,065
|$144,453
|$121,851
|$99,676
|$79,069
|$60,825
|$45,374
|$32,824
|$23,027
|$15,665
|$10,335
|$6,612
|$4,102
|$2,468
|$1,440
|$815
|$447
|$238
|$123
|$61
|$30
|$14
|$6
|$3
|$1
|$1
|-
|Net profits ($'million)||$9,354||$13,302||$18,346||$24,535|| $31,820
|$40,020
|$97,619
|$115,456
|$132,421
|$147,283
|$158,857
|$166,156
|$168,531
|$165,769
|$158,118
|$146,256
|$131,192
|$114,118
|$96,263
|$78,744
|$62,465
|$48,052
|$35,846
|$25,931
|$18,191
|$12,376
|$8,164
|$5,223
|$3,240
|$1,949
|$1,137
|$643
|$353
|$188
|$97
|$48
|$24
|$11
|$5
|$2
|$1
|$0
|}


==== What are the assumptions used to estimate the financial forecasts?====
'''In the event of the dissolution or bankruptcy of the Company, Investors will not be treated as debt holders and therefore are unlikely to recover any proceeds.'''


{| class="wikitable"
In the event of the dissolution or bankruptcy of the Company, the holders of the Securities that have not been converted will be entitled to distributions as described in the Securities. This means that such holders will only receive distributions once all of the creditors and more senior security holders, including any holders of preferred stock, have been paid in full. Neither holders of the Securities nor holders of CF Shadow Securities can be guaranteed any proceeds in the event of the dissolution or bankruptcy of the Company.
|+Key inputs
!Description
!Value
!Commentary
|-
| colspan="3" | <div style="text-align: center;">'''Revenue'''</div>
|-
|What's the estimated current size of the total addressable market?
|$2,975,000,000
|Here, the total addressable market (TAM) is defined as the global automotive market, and based on a number of assumptions<ref group="Note" name="Note01" />, it is estimated that the size of the market as of today (30th May 2022), in terms of revenue, is $2.975 billion.
|-
|What's the estimated terminal annual growth rate of the total addressable market?
|3%
|Research shows that the growth rate of the global automotive market (i.e. the total addressable market) is similar to the growth rate of global gross domestic product<ref>http://www.robertpicard.net/files/econgrowthandadvertising.pdf</ref>, which has averaged (medium) around 3% per year in the last 20 years (2001 to 2022)<ref>https://www.macrotrends.net/countries/WLD/world/gdp-growth-rate</ref>.
|-
|What's the estimated company peak market share?
|10%
|Stockhub estimates that the peak market share of Tesla is around 10%, and, therefore, suggests using the share amount here. As of 31st December 2021, Tesla's current share of the market is around 1.8%.
|-
|Which distribution function do you want to use to estimate company revenue?
|Gaussian
|Research suggests that the revenue pattern of companies is similar to the pattern produced by the Gaussian distribution function  (i.e. the revenue distribution is bell shaped)<ref>http://escml.umd.edu/Papers/ObsCPMT.pdf</ref>, so Stockhub suggests using that function here.
|-
|What is the estimated company lifespan?
|60 years
| Tesla employs around 110,000, making the company a large organisation (more than 10,000 employees), and research shows that the average lifespan of a large corporation is around 50 years.<ref>Stadler, Enduring Success, 3–5.</ref>
|-
|What's the estimated standard deviation of company revenue?
| 6 years
|Another way of asking this question is this way: within how many years either side of the mean does 68% of revenue occur? Based on Tesla's current revenue amount (i.e. $54 billion) and Tesla's estimated lifespan (i.e. 60 years) and Tesla's estimated current stage of its lifecycle (i.e. growth stage), the Stockhub company suggests using 6 years (i.e. 68% of all sales happen within 6 years either side of the mean year), so that's what's used here.
|-
| colspan="3" |'''<div style="text-align: center;">Growth stages</div>'''
|-
|How many main stages of growth is the company expected to go through?
| 4 stages
|Research suggests that a company typically goes through four distinct stages of cash flow growth.<ref>Levie J, Lichtenstein BB (2010) A terminal assessment of stages theory: Introducing a dynamic approach to entrepreneurship. Entrepreneurship: Theory & Practice 34(2): 317–350. <nowiki>https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1540-6520.2010.00377.x</nowiki></ref> Research also shows that incorporating those stages into the discounted cash flow model improves the quality of the model and, ultimately, the quality of the value estimation.<ref>Stef Hinfelaar et al.:, 2019.</ref>


'''Investors will not have voting rights, even upon conversion of the Securities into CF Shadow Securities.'''


Investors will not have the right to vote upon matters of the Company even if and when their Securities are converted into CF Shadow Securities (the occurrence of which cannot be guaranteed). Upon such conversion, the CF Shadow Securities will have no voting rights and, in circumstances where a statutory right to vote is provided by state law, the CF Shadow Security holders or the party holding the CF Shadow Securities on behalf of the Investors are required to enter into a proxy agreement with its designee to vote their CF Shadow Securities with the majority of the holder(s) of the securities issued in the round of equity financing that triggered the conversion right. For example, if the Securities are converted in connection with an offering of Series B Preferred Stock, Investors would directly or beneficially receive CF Shadow Securities in the form of shares of Series B-CF Shadow Preferred Stock and such shares would be required to be subject to a proxy that allows a designee to vote their shares of Series B-CF Shadow Preferred Stock consistent with the majority of the Series B Preferred Stockholders. Thus, Investors will essentially never be able to vote upon any matters of the Company unless otherwise provided for by the Company.


In addition, research shows that a key way to determine the stage which a company is in is by examining the cash flow patterns of the company.<ref>Dickinson, 2010.</ref> A summary of the economic links to cash flow patterns can be found in the appendix of this report. Stockhub estimates that with Tesla's operating cash flows positive (+), investing cash flows negative (-) and its financing cash flows positive (+), the company is in the second stage of growth (i.e. the 'growth' stage), and, therefore, it has a total of three main stages of growth.
'''Investors will not be entitled to any inspection or information rights other than those required by law.'''


On 7th February 2022, Tesla said it currently expects: to continue to generate net positive operating cash flow as it has done in the last four fiscal years; its capital expenditures to be between $5.00 to $7.00 billion in 2022 and each of the next two fiscal years; and its ability to be self-funding to continue as long as macroeconomic factors support current trends in its sales. Accordingly, based on forward looking statements, it appears that the company is in stage two of the business lifecycle  (i.e. the 'growth' stage), and, therefore, it has a total of three main stages of growth remaining.
Investors will not have the right to inspect the books and records of the Company or to receive financial or other information from the Company, other than as required by law. Other security holders of the Company may have such rights. Regulation CF requires only the provision of an annual report on Form C and no additional information. Additionally, there are numerous methods by which the Company can terminate annual report obligations, resulting in no information rights, contractual, statutory or otherwise, owed to Investors. This lack of information could put Investors at a disadvantage in general and with respect to other security holders, including certain security holders who have rights to periodic financial statements and updates from the Company such as quarterly unaudited financials, annual projections and budgets, and monthly progress reports, among other things.
|-
|What proportion of the company lifecycle is represented by growth stage 1?
|30%
|Research suggests 30%.<ref name=":6">http://escml.umd.edu/Papers/ObsCPMT.pdf</ref>
|-
|What proportion of the company lifecycle is represented by growth stage 2?
|10%
|Research suggests 10%.<ref name=":6" />
|-
| What proportion of the company lifecycle is represented by growth stage 3?
|20%
| Research suggests 20%.<ref name=":6" />
|-
|What proportion of the company lifecycle is represented by growth stage 4?
|40%
|Research suggests 40%.<ref name=":6" />
|-
| colspan="3" |'''<div style="text-align: center;">Growth stage 2</div>'''
|-
|Cost of goods sold as a proportion of revenue (%)
|70%
|Research suggests that it's best to use a similar margin rate as the one used by peers that are in the same growth stage (i.e. growth stage 2)<ref name=":7">http://people.stern.nyu.edu/adamodar/pdfiles/papers/younggrowth.pdf</ref>, and the margin for its peers is 70%.
|-
|Operating expenses as a proportion of revenue (%)
|15%
|Research suggests that it's best to use a similar margin rate as the one used by peers that are in the same growth stage (i.e. growth stage 2)<ref name=":7" />, and the margin for its peers is 15%.
|-
|Tax rate (%)
|21%
|Research suggests that it's best to use the marginal tax rate of the country in which the company mainly operates. Tesla mainly operates in the United States, and the marginal tax rate there is 21%.
|-
|Depreciation and amortisation as a proportion of revenue (%)
|5%
|Research suggests that it's best to use a similar margin rate as the one used by peers that are in the same growth stage (i.e. growth stage 2)<ref name=":7" />, and the margin for its peers is 5%.
|-
|Fixed capital as a proportion of revenue (%)
|15%
|Research suggests that it's best to use a similar amount as the one used by peers that are in the same growth stage (i.e. growth stage 2)<ref name=":7" />, and the amount for its peers is 15%.
|-
|Working capital as a proportion of revenue (%)
|15%
|Research suggests that it's best to use a similar amount as the one used by peers that are in the same growth stage (i.e. growth stage 2)<ref name=":7" />, and the amount for its peers is 15%.
|-
|Net borrowing ($000)
|Zero
|Stockhub suggests that for simplicity, the net borrowing figure is zero.
|-
|Interest amount ($000)
|Zero
|Stockhub suggests that for simplicity, the interest amount figure is zero.
|-
| colspan="3" |'''<div style="text-align: center;">Growth stage 3</div>'''
|-
|Cost of goods sold as a proportion of revenue (%)
|55%
|Research suggests that it's best to use a similar margin rate as the one used by peers that are in the same growth stage (i.e. growth stage 3)<ref name=":7" />, and the margin for its peers is 55%.
|-
|Operating expenses as a proportion of revenue (%)
|15%
|Research suggests that it's best to use a similar margin rate as the one used by peers that are in the same growth stage (i.e. growth stage 3)<ref name=":7" />, and the margin for its peers is 15%.
|-
|Tax rate (%)
|21%
|Research suggests that it's best to use the marginal tax rate of the country in which the company mainly operates. Tesla mainly operates in the United States, and the marginal tax rate there is 21%.
|-
|Depreciation and amortisation as a proportion of revenue (%)
|5%
|Research suggests that it's best to use a similar amount as the one used by peers that are in the same growth stage (i.e. growth stage 3)<ref name=":7" />, and the amount for its peers is 5%.
|-
|Fixed capital as a proportion of revenue (%)
|3%
|Research suggests that it's best to use a similar amount as the one used by peers that are in the same growth stage (i.e. growth stage 3)<ref name=":7" />, and the amount for its peers is 3%.
|-
|Working capital as a proportion of revenue (%)
|10%
|Research suggests that it's best to use a similar amount as the one used by peers that are in the same growth stage (i.e. growth stage 4)<ref name=":7" />, and the amount for its peers is 10%.
|-
|Net borrowing ($000)
|Zero
|Stockhub suggests that for simplicity, the net borrowing figure is zero.
|-
|Interest amount ($000)
|Zero
|Stockhub suggests that for simplicity, the interest amount figure is zero.
|-
| colspan="3" |'''<div style="text-align: center;">Growth stage 4</div>'''
|-
|Cost of goods sold as a proportion of revenue (%)
|55%
|Research suggests that it's best to use a similar margin rate as the one used by peers that are in the same growth stage (i.e. growth stage 4)<ref name=":7" />, and the margin for its peers is 55%.
|-
|Operating expenses as a proportion of revenue (%)
|15%
|Research suggests that it's best to use a similar margin rate as the one used by peers that are in the same growth stage (i.e. growth stage 4)<ref name=":7" />, and the margin for its peers is 15%.
|-
|Tax rate (%)
|21%
|Research suggests that it's best to use the marginal tax rate of the country in which the company mainly operates. Tesla mainly operates in the United States, and the marginal tax rate there is 21%.
|-
|Depreciation and amortisation as a proportion of revenue (%)
|5%
|Research suggests that it's best to use a similar amount as the one used by peers that are in the same growth stage (i.e. growth stage 4)<ref name=":7" />, and the amount for its peers is 5%.
|-
|Fixed capital as a proportion of revenue (%)
| 3%
|Research suggests that it's best to use a similar amount as the one used by peers that are in the same growth stage (i.e. growth stage 4)<ref name=":7" />, and the amount for its peers is 3%.
|-
|Working capital as a proportion of revenue (%)
| 10%
|Research suggests that it's best to use a similar amount as the one used by peers that are in the same growth stage (i.e. growth stage 4)<ref name=":7" />, and the amount for its peers is 10%.
|-
|Net borrowing ($000)
|Zero
|Stockhub suggests that for simplicity, the net borrowing figure is zero.
|-
|Interest amount ($000)
|Zero
|Stockhub suggests that for simplicity, the interest amount figure is zero.
|}


==Risks==
'''Investors will be unable to declare the Security in “default” and demand repayment.'''


As with any investment, investing in Tesla carries a level of risk. Overall, based on the key risks highlighted below, the degree of risk associated with an investment in Tesla is high.
Unlike convertible notes and some other securities, the Securities do not have any “default” provisions upon which Investors will be able to demand repayment of their investment. The Company has ultimate discretion as to whether or not to convert the Securities upon a future equity financing and Investors have no right to demand such conversion. Only in limited circumstances, such as a liquidity event, may Investors demand payment and even then, such payments will be limited to the amount of cash available to the Company.


===Risks related to the ability to grow the business===
'''The Company may never elect to convert the Securities or undergo a liquidity event and Investors may have to hold the Securities indefinitely.'''


*Tesla may be impacted by macroeconomic conditions resulting from the global COVID-19 pandemic.
The Company may never conduct a future equity financing or elect to convert the Securities if such future equity financing does occur. In addition, the Company may never undergo a liquidity event such as a sale of the Company or an initial public offering. If neither the conversion of the Securities nor a liquidity event occurs, Investors could be left holding the Securities in perpetuity. The Securities have numerous transfer restrictions and will likely be highly illiquid, with no secondary market on which to sell them. The Securities are not equity interests, have no ownership rights, have no rights to the Company’s assets or profits and have no voting rights or ability to direct the Company or its actions.
*Tesla may experience delays in launching and ramping the production of its products and features, or Tesla may be unable to control its manufacturing costs.
*Tesla may be unable to grow its global product sales, delivery and installation capabilities and its servicing and vehicle charging networks, or Tesla may be unable to accurately project and effectively manage its growth.
*Tesla's future growth and success is dependent upon consumers’ demand for electric vehicles and specifically its vehicles in an automotive industry that is generally competitive, cyclical and volatile.
*Tesla's suppliers may fail to deliver components according to schedules, prices, quality and volumes that are acceptable to us, or Tesla may be unable to manage these components effectively.
*Tesla may be unable to meet its projected construction timelines, costs and production ramps at new factories, or Tesla may experience difficulties in generating and maintaining demand for products manufactured there.
* Tesla will need to maintain and significantly grow its access to battery cells, including through the development and manufacture of its own cells, and control its related costs.
*Tesla faces strong competition for its products and services from a growing list of established and new competitors.


===Risks related to the company's operations===
'''Equity securities acquired upon conversion of the Securities may be significantly diluted as a consequence of subsequent equity financings.'''


*Tesla may experience issues with lithium-ion cells or other components manufactured at Gigafactory Nevada and Gigafactory Shanghai, which may harm the production and profitability of its vehicle and energy storage products.
The Company’s equity securities will be subject to dilution. The Company intends to issue additional equity to employees and third-party financing sources in amounts that are uncertain at this time, and as a consequence holders of equity securities resulting from the conversion of the Securities will be subject to dilution in an unpredictable amount. Such dilution may reduce the Investor’s control and economic interests in the Company. The amount of additional financing needed by the Company will depend upon several contingencies not foreseen at the time of this Offering. Generally, additional financing (whether in the form of loans or the issuance of other securities) will be intended to provide the Company with enough capital to reach the next major corporate milestone. If the funds received in any additional financing are not sufficient to meet the Company’s needs, the Company may have to raise additional capital at a price unfavorable to their existing investors, including the holders of the Securities. The availability of capital is at least partially a function of capital market conditions that are beyond the control of the Company. There can be no assurance that the Company will be able to accurately predict the future capital requirements necessary for success or that additional funds will be available from any source. Failure to obtain financing on favorable terms could dilute or otherwise severely impair the value of the Securities. In addition, the Company has certain equity grants and convertible securities outstanding. Should the Company enter into a financing that would trigger any conversion rights, the converting securities would further dilute the equity securities receivable by the holders of the Securities upon a qualifying financing.
*Tesla faces risks associated with maintaining and expanding its international operations, including unfavourable and uncertain regulatory, political, economic, tax and labour conditions.
*Tesla's business may suffer if its products or features contain defects, fail to perform as expected or take longer than expected to become fully functional.
*Tesla may be required to defend or insure against product liability claims.
*Tesla will need to maintain public credibility and confidence in its long-term business prospects in order to succeed.
*Tesla may be unable to effectively grow, or manage the compliance, residual value, financing and credit risks related to, its various financing programs.
*Tesla must manage ongoing obligations under its agreement with the Research Foundation for the State University of New York relating to its Gigafactory New York.
*If Tesla is unable to attract, hire and retain key employees and qualified personnel, its ability to compete may be harmed.
*Tesla is highly dependent on the services of Elon Musk, its Chief Executive Officer.
*Tesla's information technology systems or data, or those of its service providers or customers or users could be subject to cyber-attacks or other security incidents, which could result in data breaches, intellectual property theft, claims, litigation, regulatory investigations, significant liability, reputational damage and other adverse consequences.
*Any unauthorized control or manipulation of Tesla's products’ systems could result in loss of confidence in it and its products.
*Tesla's business may be adversely affected by any disruptions caused by union activities.
*Tesla may choose to or be compelled to undertake product recalls or take other similar actions.
*Tesla's current and future warranty reserves may be insufficient to cover future warranty claims.
*Tesla's insurance coverage strategy may not be adequate to protect it from all business risks.
*Tesla's debt agreements contain covenant restrictions that may limit its ability to operate its business.
*Additional funds may not be available to Tesla when it needs or want them.
*Tesla may be negatively impacted by any early obsolescence of its manufacturing equipment.
*Tesla holds and may acquire digital assets that may be subject to volatile market prices, impairment and unique risks of loss.
*There is no guarantee that Tesla will have sufficient cash flow from its business to pay its indebtedness or that it will not incur additional indebtedness.
*Tesla is exposed to fluctuations in currency exchange rates.
*Tesla may need to defend itself against intellectual property infringement claims, which may be time-consuming and expensive.
*Increased scrutiny and changing expectations from stakeholders with respect to the company's ESG practices may result in additional costs or risks.
* Tesla's operations could be adversely affected by events outside of its control, such as natural disasters, wars or health epidemics.


===Risks related to government laws and regulations=== 
'''Equity securities issued upon conversion of the Securities may be substantially different from other equity securities offered or issued by the Company at the time of conversion.'''


* Demand for Tesla's products and services may be impacted by the status of government and economic incentives supporting the development and adoption of such products.
In the event the Company decides to exercise the conversion right, the Company will convert the Securities into equity securities that are materially different from the equity securities being issued to new investors at the time of conversion in many ways, including, but not limited to, liquidation preferences, dividend rights, or anti-dilution protection. Additionally, any equity securities issued at the First Equity Financing Price (as defined in the Crowd SAFE agreement) shall have only such preferences, rights, and protections in proportion to the First Equity Financing Price and not in proportion to the price per share paid by new investors receiving the equity securities. Upon conversion of the Securities, the Company may not provide the holders of such Securities with the same rights, preferences, protections, and other benefits or privileges provided to other investors of the Company. The forgoing paragraph is only a summary of a portion of the conversion feature of the Securities; it is not intended to be complete, and is qualified in its entirety by reference to the full text of the Crowd SAFE agreement, which is attached as Exhibit C.
*Tesla is subject to evolving laws and regulations that could impose substantial costs, legal prohibitions or unfavourable changes upon its operations or products.
*Any failure by Tesla to comply with a variety of United States and international privacy and consumer protection laws may harm the company.
*Tesla could be subject to liability, penalties and other restrictive sanctions and adverse consequences arising out of certain governmental investigations and proceedings.
*Tesla may face regulatory challenges to or limitations on its ability to sell vehicles directly.


===Risks related to the ownership of the company's common stock=== 
'''While the Securities provide mechanisms whereby holders of the Securities would be entitled to a return of their purchase amount upon the occurrence of certain events, if the Company does not have sufficient cash on hand, this obligation may not be fulfilled.'''


*The trading price of Tesla's common stock is likely to continue to be volatile.
Upon the occurrence of certain events, as provided in the Securities, holders of the Securities may be entitled to a return of the principal amount invested. Despite the contractual provisions in the Securities, this right cannot be guaranteed if the Company does not have sufficient liquid assets on hand. Therefore, potential Investors should not assume a guaranteed return of their investment amount.
* Tesla's financial results may vary significantly from period to period due to fluctuations in its operating costs and other factors.
*Tesla may fail to meet its publicly announced guidance or other expectations about its business, which could cause its stock price to decline.
*Transactions relating to Tesla's convertible senior notes may dilute the ownership interest of existing stockholders, or may otherwise depress the price of its common stock.
*If Elon Musk were forced to sell shares of Tesla's common stock that he has pledged to secure certain personal loan obligations, such sales could cause its stock price to decline.
* Anti-takeover provisions contained in Tesla's governing documents, applicable laws and its convertible senior notes could impair a takeover attempt.


==Valuation==
'''There is no guarantee of a return on an Investor’s investment.'''


===What's the expected return of an investment in the company?===
There is no assurance that an Investor will realize a return on their investment or that they will not lose their entire investment. For this reason, each Investor should read this Form C and all exhibits carefully and should consult with their attorney and business advisor prior to making any investment decision.
 
Stockhub estimates that the expected return of an investment in the company over the next five years is 72%. In other words, an £1,000 investment in the company is expected to return £1,720 in five years time. The assumptions used to estimate the return figure can be found in the table below.
 
Assuming that a suitable return level over five years is 10% per year and Tesla achieves its expected return level (of 72%), then an investment in the company is considered to be a 'suitable' one.
 
===What are the assumptions used to estimate the return?===
 
{| class="wikitable"
|+ Key inputs
!Description
!Value
!Commentary
|-
| Which valuation model do you want to use?
|Discounted cash flow
| There are two main approaches to estimate the value of an investment:
# By calculating the present value of the investment's expected future cash flows (i.e. discounted cash flow valuation); and
#By comparing the investment to other similar investments (i.e. relative valuation).
 
Research suggests that in terms of estimating the expected return of an investment over a period of 12-months or more, the approach that is more accurate is the discounted cash flow approach<ref name=":5">Demirakos et al., 2010; Gleason et al., 2013</ref>, so that's the approach that Stockhub suggests to use here; nevertheless, for completeness purposes, separately, the valuation of the company is also estimated using the using the relative valuation approach (the valuation based on the relative approach can be found in the appendix of this report). 
 
Tesla has never paid cash dividends, and on 7th February 2022, it said that it currently does not anticipate paying any cash dividends in the foreseeable future. Accordingly, Stockhub suggests using the free cash flow valuation method (rather than the dividend discount model).
|-
|Which financial forecasts to use?
| Stockhub
|The only available long-term forecasts (i.e. >15 years) are the ones that are supplied by the Stockhub company (the forecasts can be found in the financials section of this report), so Stockhub suggests using those.
|-
| colspan="3" |'''<div style="text-align: center;">Growth stage 2</div>'''
|-
|Discount rate (%)
| 8%
|There are two key risk parameters for a firm that need to be estimated: its cost of equity and its cost of debt. A key way to estimate the cost of equity by looking at the beta (or betas) of the company in question, the cost of debt from a measure of default risk (an actual or synthetic rating) and apply the market value weights for debt and equity to come up with the cost of capital.
|-
|Probability of success (%)
| 100%
| Research suggests that a suitable rate for a company in this growth stage (i.e. stage 2) is 100%.
 
|-
| colspan="3" |'''<div style="text-align: center;">Growth stage 3</div>'''
|-
|Discount rate (%)
| 8%
|There are two key risk parameters for a firm that need to be estimated: its cost of equity and its cost of debt. A key way to estimate the cost of equity by looking at the beta (or betas) of the company in question, the cost of debt from a measure of default risk (an actual or synthetic rating) and apply the market value weights for debt and equity to come up with the cost of capital.
|-
|Probability of success (%)
|100%
|Research suggests that a suitable rate for a company in this growth stage (i.e. stage 3) is 100%.
 
|-
| colspan="3" |'''<div style="text-align: center;">Growth stage 4</div>'''
|-
|Discount rate (%)
| 8%
|There are two key risk parameters for a firm that need to be estimated: its cost of equity and its cost of debt. A key way to estimate the cost of equity by looking at the beta (or betas) of the company in question, the cost of debt from a measure of default risk (an actual or synthetic rating) and apply the market value weights for debt and equity to come up with the cost of capital.
|-
|Probability of success (%)
| 100%
|Research suggests that a suitable rate for a company in this growth stage (i.e. stage 4) is 100%.
 
|-
| colspan="3" |'''<div style="text-align: center;">Other key inputs</div>'''
|-
|What's the current value of the company?
|$728.88 billion
|As at 5th June 2022, the current value of the Tesla company is $728.88 billion.
|-
|Which time period do you want to use to estimate the expected return?
| Between now and five years time
|Stockhub suggests that to account for general market cyclicity, it's best to estimate the expected return of the company between now and five years time.
|}
 
===Sensitive analysis===
 
The main inputs that result in the greatest change in the expected return of the Tesla investment are, in order of importance (from highest to lowest): 
 
#The size of the total addressable market (the default size is $3.0 trillion);
#Tesla peak market share (the default share is 10%); and
#The discount rate (the default time-weighted average rate is 8%).
 
The impact of a 50% change in those main inputs to the expected return of the Tesla investment is shown in the table below.
 
{| class="wikitable sortable"
|+Tesla investment expected return sensitive analysis
!Main input
!50% worse
!Unchanged
!50% better
|-
|The size of the total addressable market
|(14%)
|72%
|158%
|-
|Tesla peak market share
|(14%)
| 72%
| 158%
|-
|The discount rate
 
|30%
|72%
| 136%
 
|}
 
==Appendix==
 
=== Financial statements ===
{| class="wikitable"
|+Balance sheet
!Year end date
!31/12/2021
!31/12/2020
!31/12/2019
!31/12/2018
|-
|'''Current Assets'''
|
|
|
|
|-
|Cash and Cash Equivalents ($million)
|$17,576
|$19,384
|$6,268
|$3,879
|-
|Short-Term Investments ($million)
|$131
| --
| --
| --
|-
|Net Receivables ($million)
|$1,913
|$1,886
|$1,324
|$949
|-
|Inventory ($million)
|$5,757
|$4,101
|$3,552
|$3,113
|-
|Other Current Assets ($million)
|$1,723
|$1,346
|$959
|$366
|-
|Total Current Assets ($million)
|$27,100
|$26,717
|$12,103
|$8,307
|-
|'''Long-Term Assets'''
|
|
|
|
|-
|Long-Term Investments ($million)
| --
| --
| --
|$422
|-
|Fixed Assets ($million)
|$25,411
|$17,396
|$14,061
|$13,420
|-
|Goodwill ($million)
|$200
|$207
|$198
|$68
|-
|Intangible Assets ($million)
|$257
|$313
|$339
|$282
|-
|Other Assets ($million)
|$9,163
|$7,515
|$7,608
|$7,241
|-
|Deferred Asset Charges ($million)
| --
| --
| --
| --
|-
|Total Assets ($million)
|$62,131
|$52,148
|$34,309
|$29,740
|-
|'''Current Liabilities'''
|
|
|
|
|-
|Accounts Payable ($million)
|$15,744
|$9,906
|$6,993
|$5,499
|-
|Short-Term Debt / Current Portion of Long-Term Debt ($million)
|$1,589
|$2,132
|$1,785
|$2,568
|-
|Other Current Liabilities ($million)
|$2,372
|$2,210
|$1,889
|$1,926
|-
|Total Current Liabilities ($million)
|$19,705
|$14,248
|$10,667
|$9,993
|-
|Long-Term Debt ($million)
|$5,245
|$9,556
|$11,634
|$9,404
|-
|Other Liabilities ($million)
|$3,546
|$3,330
|$2,691
|$3,039
|-
|Deferred Liability Charges ($million)
|$2,052
|$1,284
|$1,207
|$991
|-
|Misc. Stocks ($million)
|$826
|$850
|$849
|$834
|-
|Minority Interest ($million)
|$568
|$655
|$643
|$556
|-
|Total Liabilities ($million)
|$31,374
|$29,268
|$27,048
|$24,261
|-
|'''Stock Holders Equity'''
|
|
|
|
|-
|Common Stocks ($million)
|$1
|$1
|$1
| --
|-
|Capital Surplus ($million)
|$331
| style="color: red;" |-$5,399
| style="color: red;" |-$6,083
| style="color: red;" |-$5,318
|-
|Retained Earnings
| --
| --
| --
| --
|-
|Treasury Stock ($million)
|$29,803
|$27,260
|$12,736
|$10,249
|-
|Other Equity ($million)
|$54
|$363
| style="color: red;" |-$36
| style="color: red;" |-$8
|-
|Total Equity ($million)
|$30,189
|$22,225
|$6,618
|$4,923
|-
|Total Liabilities & Equity ($million)
|$62,131
|$52,148
|$34,309
|$29,740
|}
 
{| class="wikitable"
|+Cash flow
!Year end date
!31/12/2021
!31/12/2020
!31/12/2019
!31/12/2018
|-
|Net Income ($million)
|$5,519
|$721
| style="color: red;" |-$862
| style="color: red;" |-$976
|-
|'''Cash Flows-Operating Activities'''
|
|
|
|
|-
|Depreciation ($million)
|$2,911
|$2,322
|$2,154
|$2,060
|-
|Net Income Adjustments ($million)
|$2,424
| $2,575
| $1,375
| $1,043
|-
|'''Changes in Operating Activities'''
|
|
|
|
|-
|Accounts Receivable ($million)
| style="color: red;" |-$130
| style="color: red;" |-$652
| style="color: red;" |-$367
| style="color: red;" |-$497
|-
|Changes in Inventories ($million)
| style="color: red;" |-$1,709
| style="color: red;" |-$422
| style="color: red;" |-$429
| style="color: red;" |-$1,023
|-
|Other Operating Activities ($million)
| style="color: red;" |-$3,676
| style="color: red;" |-$1,667
| style="color: red;" |-$937
| style="color: red;" |-$504
|-
|Liabilities ($million)
|$6,033
|$2,925
|$1,384
|$2,082
|-
|Net Cash Flow-Operating ($million)
| $11,497
| $5,943
| $2,405
|$2,098
|-
|'''Cash Flows-Investing Activities'''
|
|
|
|
|-
|Capital Expenditures ($million)
| style="color: red;" |-$6,514
| style="color: red;" |-$3,232
| style="color: red;" |-$1,432
| style="color: red;" |-$2,319
|-
|Investments ($million)
| style="color: red;" |-$132
| --
| --
| --
|-
|Other Investing Activities ($million)
| style="color: red;" |-$1,222
|$100
| style="color: red;" |-$4
| style="color: red;" |-$18
|-
|Net Cash Flows-Investing ($million)
| style="color: red;" |-$7,868
| style="color: red;" |-$3,132
| style="color: red;" |-$1,436
| style="color: red;" |-$2,337
|-
|'''Cash Flows-Financing Activities'''
|
|
|
|
|-
|Sale and Purchase of Stock ($million)
|$699
|$12,675
|$1,555
|$727
|-
|Net Borrowings ($million)
| style="color: red;" |-$5,732
| style="color: red;" |-$2,488
|$798
|$89
|-
|Other Financing Activities ($million)
| --
| --
| --
| --
|-
|Net Cash Flows-Financing ($million)
| style="color: red;" |-$5,203
|$9,973
|$1,529
|$574
|-
|Effect of Exchange Rate ($million)
| style="color: red;" |-$183
|$334
|$8
| style="color: red;" |-$23
|-
|Net Cash Flow ($million)
| style="color: red;" |-$1,757
|$13,118
|$2,506
|$312
|}
 
{| class="wikitable"
|+Income statement
!Year end date
!31/12/2021
!31/12/2020
!31/12/2019
!31/12/2018
|-
|Total Revenue
|$53,823
|$31,536
|$24,578
|$21,461
|-
|Cost of Revenue
|$40,217
|$24,906
|$20,509
|$17,419
|-
|'''Gross Profit'''
|'''$13,606'''
|'''$6,630'''
|'''$4,069'''
|'''$4,042'''
|-
|'''Operating Expenses'''
|
|
|
|
|-
|Research and Development
|$2,593
|$1,491
|$1,343
|$1,460
|-
|Sales, General and Admin.
|$4,517
|$3,145
|$2,646
|$2,835
|-
|Non-Recurring Items
| style="color: red;" |-$27
| --
|$149
|$135
|-
|Other Operating Items
| --
| --
| --
| --
|-
|'''Operating Income'''
|'''$6,523'''
|'''$1,994'''
|style="color: red;" |'''-$69'''
|style="color: red;" |'''-$388'''
|-
|Add'l income/expense items
| $191
| style="color: red;" |-$92
| $89
|$46
|-
|Earnings Before Interest and Tax
|$6,714
|$1,902
|$20
| style="color: red;" |-$342
|-
|Interest Expense
|$371
|$748
|$685
|$663
|-
|Earnings Before Tax
|$6,343
|$1,154
| style="color: red;" |-$665
| style="color: red;" |-$1,005
|-
|Income Tax
|$699
|$292
|$110
|$58
|-
|Minority Interest
| --
| --
| --
| --
|-
|Equity Earnings/Loss Unconsolidated Subsidiary
| style="color: red;" |-$125
| style="color: red;" |-$141
| style="color: red;" |-$87
|$87
|-
|Net Income-Cont. Operations
|$5,519
|$721
| style="color: red;" |-$862
| style="color: red;" |-$976
|-
|'''Net Income'''
|'''$5,519'''
|'''$721'''
| style="color: red;" |'''-$862'''
| style="color: red;" |'''-$976'''
|-
|'''Net Income Applicable to Common Shareholders'''
|'''$5,519'''
|'''$721'''
| style="color: red;" |'''-$862'''
| style="color: red;" |'''-$976'''
|}
 
{| class="wikitable"
|+Financial ratios
!Year end date
!31/12/2021
!31/12/2020
!31/12/2019
!31/12/2018
|-
| colspan="5" |'''Liquidity Ratios'''
|-
|Current Ratio
|138%
| 188%
| 113%
| 83%
|-
|Quick Ratio
|108%
|159%
|80%
|52%
|-
|Cash Ratio
|90%
|136%
|59%
|39%
|-
| colspan="5" |'''Profitability Ratios'''
|-
|Gross Margin
|25%
|21%
|17%
|19%
|-
|Operating Margin
|12%
|6%
|0%
|0%
|-
|Pre-Tax Margin
| 12%
| 4%
| 0%
|0%
|-
|Profit Margin
|10%
|2%
|0%
|0%
|-
|Pre-Tax ROE
|21%
|5%
|0%
|0%
|-
|After Tax ROE
|18%
|3%
|0%
|0%
|}
 
===Relative valuation approach===
As noted earlier in this report, research suggests that in terms of estimating the expected return of an investment over a period of 12-months or more, the approach that is more accurate is the discounted cash flow approach, so that's the approach that Stockhub suggests using to determine the estimated value of the company (the valuation based on the discounted cash flow approach can be found in the valuation section of this report); nevertheless, for completeness purposes, separately, the valuation of the company is also estimated using the using the relative valuation approach.
 
====What's the expected return of an investment in Tesla using the relative valuation approach?====
 
Accordingly, Stockhub estimates that the expected return of an investment in Tesla Inc over the next five years is 4.4x. In other words, an £1,000 investment in the company is expected to return £4,400 in five years time.  The assumptions used to estimate the return figure can be found in the table below.
 
Assuming that a suitable return level over five years is 10% per year and Tesla achieves its expected return level (of 4.4x), then an investment in the company is considered to be a 'suitable' one.
 
====What are the assumptions used to estimate the return figure?====
{| class="wikitable"
|+Key inputs
!Description
!Value
!Commentary
|-
| Which type of multiple do you want to use?
| Growth-adjusted EV/sales
| For the numerator, Stockhub believes that to account for the different financial leverage levels of its peers, it's best to use enterprise value (EV), rather than price. For the denominator, Stockhub believes that because it expects Tesla to reinvest almost all of its revenue back into the business  over the five year forecast period and therefore its earnings are expected to be abnormally low over the period, it's best to use sales. Accordingly, Stockhub suggests valuing its company using the EV/sales ratio. However, Stockhub feels that to take into account the different business lifecycle stages of its peers, the most suitable valuation multiple to use is the growth-adjusted EV/sales multiple<ref group="Note" name="Note15" />, rather than the EV/sales multiple.
|-
|In regards to the growth-adjusted EV/sales multiple, for the sales figure, which year to you want to use?
 
|Year 5
|Stockhub suggests that with sales forecast to grow exponential over the five year forecast period, it's best to use forward-looking data, rather than historic data.
 
 
In regards to the growth-adjusted EV/sales multiple, for the sales figure, Stockhub suggests that in order to account for the forecasted exponential growth of the business, it's best to use one at the end of the forecast period (i.e. Year 5).
|-
|In regards to the growth-adjusted EV/sales multiple, for the sales growth figure, which year(s) do you want to use?
|Year 6 to 8, from now
|Stockhub suggests that for the sales growth figure, it's best to use Year 6 to 8.
|-
|In regards to the growth-adjusted EV/sales multiple, what multiple figure do you want to use?
|89x
|In Stockhub's view, Tesla closest peer is [[Apple]]. [[Apple]] trades on a multiple of 89x.
|-
|Which financial forecasts to use?
|Stockhub
|The only available forecasts are the ones that are supplied by the Stockhub company (the forecasts can be found in the financials section of this report), so Stockhub suggests using those.
|-
| What's the current value of the Stockhub company?
|$688 billion
|As at 21st May 2022, the current value of its company at $688 billion.
|-
|Which time period do you want to use to estimate the expected return?
|Between now and five years time
|Stockhub suggests that to account for general market cyclicity, it's best to estimate the expected return of the company between now and five years time.
|}
 
===Tesla peer(s)===
 
{| class="wikitable sortable"
|+Valuation table
|-
!Investments!! Industry !!Enterprise value/sales!!1-year forward revenue growth rates (%)!!Growth-adjusted enterprise value/sales ratio
|-
| [[Apple]]||Internet content & communication||7.27x<ref name=":0">Morningstar, Inc.</ref>||8.20%<ref name=":0" />|| style="background: blue; color: white;" |89x
|}
 
===Economic links to cash flow patterns ===
{| class="wikitable"
|+Economic links to cash flow patterns
|-
!Cash flow type!!Introduction!!Growth!!Shake out!!Mature!!Decline
|-
|Operating|| style="background: red; color: white;" |-|| style="background: green; color: white;" |+
| style="background: orange; color: white;" | +/-|| style="background: green; color: white;" |+|| style="background: red; color: white;" |-
|-
|Investing|| style="background: red; color: white;" |-|| style="background: red; color: white;" |-|| style="background: orange; color: white;" |+/-|| style="background: red; color: white;" |-
| style="background: green; color: white;" | +
|-
|Financing|| style="background: green; color: white;" |+|| style="background: green; color: white;" |+|| style="background: orange; color: white;" |+/-|| style="background: red; color: white;" |-|| style="background: orange; color: white;" |+/-
|}
 
=== Timeline of production and sales ===
 
In 2020, Tesla ranked as the world's best-selling plug-in and battery electric passenger car manufacturer, with a market share of 16% of the plug-in segment and 23% of the battery electric segment 2020 sales.<ref>{{cite web|last=Kane|first=Mark |date=February 6, 2020|title=World's Top 5 EV Automotive Groups Ranked By Sales: Q1-Q4 2020|url=https://insideevs.com/news/486325/world-top-ev-automotive-groups-2020/|access-date=February 7, 2021|website=InsideEVs|language=en}}</ref> Tesla reported 2021 vehicle deliveries of 936,222 units, up 87% from 2020.<ref name=Tesla4Q2021final>{{cite web| title=Tesla Fourth Quarter & Full Year 2021 Update | url=https://tesla-cdn.thron.com/static/WIIG2L_TSLA_Q4_2021_Update_O7MYNE.pdf?xseo=&response-content-disposition=inline%3Bfilename%3D%22tsla-q4-and-fy-2021-update.pdf%22 |publisher=Tesla |location=[[Palo Alto]] | date=January 26, 2022 | access-date=January 27, 2022}} See table "Operational Summary" pp. 7 and 8 for revised and final production and sales numbers.</ref>  At the end of 2021, Tesla's global sales since 2012 totalled 2.3&nbsp;million units.<ref name=Tesla2021>{{cite web|url=https://insideevs.com/news/563407/tesla-2021q4-final-delivery-numbers/ |title=Tesla Q4 2021 Final EV Delivery Numbers And Outlook |first=Mark |last=Kane |work=InsideEVs |date=January 27, 2022 |access-date=January 27, 2022 |quote=Cumulatively, Tesla sold over 2.3 million electric cars.}}</ref>
{| class="wikitable"<!-- display data as diagram too -->
|- style="text-align:center;"
! Quarter !! Cumulative<br />production !! Total<br />production !! Model S<br />sales !! Model X<br />sales !! Model 3<br />sales
! Model Y<br />sales!! Total<br />sales !! In transit || Source
|- style="text-align:center;"
| Q3 2012 || N/A || 350 || 250+ || style="background:#f1f5fa;" | || style="background:#f1f5fa;" | || style="background:#f1f5fa;" | || 250+ || ||<ref>{{cite web |url=https://tesla-cdn.thron.com/static/ZRLLWN_Q2_2012_Shareholder_Letter_Final_FN3CKV.pdf |title=Tesla Motors, Inc. – Third Quarter 2012 Shareholder Letter  |author=Tesla Motors |publisher=Tesla Motors |date=November 5, 2012 |access-date=November 21, 2020}} ''Over 250 Model S deliveries in Q3, exceeding target upper bound ''</ref>
|- style="text-align:center;"
| Q4 2012 || N/A || 2,750+ || 2,400 || style="background:#f1f5fa;" | || style="background:#f1f5fa;" | || style="background:#f1f5fa;" | || 2,400 || ||<ref>{{cite web |url=https://tesla-cdn.thron.com/static/P8DUMV_Q4_12_SHL_022013_final_QUVRKE.pdf|title=Tesla Motors, Inc. – Fourth Quarter & Full Year 2012 Shareholder Letter |author=Tesla Motors |publisher=Tesla Motors |date=February 20, 2013 |access-date=November 21, 2020}} ''Achieved 20,000 annualized production rate''</ref>
|- style="text-align:center;"
| Q1 2013 || N/A || 5,000+ || 4,900 || style="background:#f1f5fa;" | || style="background:#f1f5fa;" | || style="background:#f1f5fa;" | || 4,900 || ||<ref>{{cite web |url=https://ir.tesla.com/static-files/26b677b6-a22c-4222-a3c6-4bb516bfdac8 |title=Tesla Motors – First Quarter 2013 Shareholder Letter |author=Tesla Motors |publisher=Tesla Motors |date=May 8, 2013 |access-date=September 23, 2019}} ''Record sales of $562 million, up 83% from last quarter''</ref>
|- style="text-align:center;"
| Q2 2013 || N/A || N/A || 5,150 || style="background:#f1f5fa;" | || style="background:#f1f5fa;" | || style="background:#f1f5fa;" | || 5,150 || ||<ref>{{cite web |url=https://ir.tesla.com/static-files/8a80aee7-ca20-4ff2-9d5b-e25aae776331 |title=Tesla Motors – Second Quarter 2013 Shareholder Letter |author=Tesla Motors |publisher=Tesla Motors |date=August 7, 2013 |access-date=September 23, 2019}} ''Record Q2 Model S deliveries of 7,579 vehicles.''</ref>
|- style="text-align:center;"
| Q3 2013 || N/A || N/A || 5,500+ || style="background:#f1f5fa;" | || style="background:#f1f5fa;" | || style="background:#f1f5fa;" | || 5,500+ || ||<ref>{{cite web |url=https://ir.tesla.com/static-files/6496fc94-630f-41c7-96c6-94d4cafe4e86 |title=Tesla Motors – Third Quarter 2013 Shareholder Letter |author=Tesla Motors |publisher=Tesla Motors |location=Palo Alto, California |date=November 5, 2013 |access-date=September 23, 2019}} ''Record 5,500 Model S deliveries''</ref>
|- style="text-align:center;"
| Q4 2013 || ~34,851 || 6,587 || 6,892 || style="background:#f1f5fa;" | || style="background:#f1f5fa;" | || style="background:#f1f5fa;" | || 6,892 || ||<ref>{{cite web |url=https://ir.tesla.com/static-files/dcbd65a8-c7aa-4538-8a81-49b1b1971a14 |title=Tesla Motors - Fourth Quarter & Full Year 2013 Shareholder Letter |date=February 19, 2014 |publisher=Tesla Motors |access-date=September 23, 2019}} ''Record 6,892 Model S vehicles sold and delivered in Q4''</ref>
|- style="text-align:center;"
| Q1 2014 || ~41,438 || 7,535 || 6,457 || style="background:#f1f5fa;" | || style="background:#f1f5fa;" | || style="background:#f1f5fa;" | || 6,457 || ||<ref>{{cite web |url=https://ir.tesla.com/static-files/a6276682-8422-4150-bb10-c9d701220537 |title=Tesla Motors – First Quarter 2014 Shareholder Letter |author=Tesla Motors |publisher=Tesla Motors |date=May 7, 2014 |access-date=September 20, 2019}} ''Record Q1 Model S production of 7,535 vehicles.''</ref>
|- style="text-align:center;"
| Q2 2014 || ~48,973 || 8,763 || 7,579 || style="background:#f1f5fa;" | || style="background:#f1f5fa;" | || style="background:#f1f5fa;" | || 7,579 || ||<ref>{{cite web |url=https://ir.tesla.com/static-files/b818e6ca-a8ba-4189-8b5d-a64b90307917 |title=Tesla Motors – Second Quarter 2014 Shareholder Letter |author=Tesla Motors |publisher=Tesla Motors |date=July 31, 2014 |access-date=September 20, 2019}} ''Record Q2 Model S deliveries of 7,579 vehicles.''</ref>
|- style="text-align:center;"
| Q3 2014 || ~57,736 || ~7,075 || 7,785 || style="background:#f1f5fa;" | || style="background:#f1f5fa;" | || style="background:#f1f5fa;" | || 7,785 || ||<ref>{{cite web |url=https://ir.tesla.com/static-files/53e161cf-e04f-495c-9fa5-60dcd79231fd |title=Tesla Motors – Third Quarter 2014 Shareholder Letter |author=Tesla Motors |publisher=Tesla Motors |location=Palo Alto, California |date=November 5, 2014 |access-date=September 20, 2019}} ''Highest ever quarterly deliveries at 7,785 vehicles, despite factory shutdown in July''</ref>
|- style="text-align:center;"
| Q4 2014 || 64,811 || 11,627 || 9,834 || style="background:#f1f5fa;" | || style="background:#f1f5fa;" | || style="background:#f1f5fa;" | || 9,834 || ||<ref>{{cite web |url=https://ir.tesla.com/static-files/be63b49e-c7ff-4c02-a5ea-2545f60e5b79 |title=Tesla Motors - Fourth Quarter & Full Year 2014 Shareholder Letter |date=February 11, 2015 |publisher=Tesla Motors |access-date=September 20, 2019}}</ref>
|- style="text-align:center;"
| Q1 2015 || 76,438 || 11,160 || 10,045 || style="background:#f1f5fa;" | || style="background:#f1f5fa;" | || style="background:#f1f5fa;" | || 10,045 || ||<ref>{{cite web |url=http://files.shareholder.com/downloads/ABEA-4CW8X0/202903254x0x827135/90332B15-F6AE-4F44-B634-624BE548291E/Tesla_Motors_Q1_15_Shareholder_Letter.pdf |title=Tesla Motors – First Quarter 2015 Shareholder Letter |author=Tesla Motors |publisher=Tesla Motors |date=May 6, 2015 |access-date=August 4, 2016}} ''A total of 10,045 Model S cars were delivered globaly during the first quarter of 2015.''</ref>
|- style="text-align:center;"
| Q2 2015 || 89,245 || 12,807 || 11,532 || style="background:#f1f5fa;" | || style="background:#f1f5fa;" | || style="background:#f1f5fa;" | || 11,532 || ||<ref>{{cite web |url=http://files.shareholder.com/downloads/ABEA-4CW8X0/380261427x0x843991/DCDCCFDA-0709-405B-931A-B2F48A224CE8/Tesla_Q2_2015_Shareholder_Letter.pdf |title=Tesla Motors – Second Quarter 2015 Shareholder Letter |author=Tesla Motors |publisher=Tesla Motors |date=August 5, 2015 |access-date=August 4, 2016}} ''A total of 11,532 Model S cars were delivered globally during the second quarter of 2015.''</ref>
|- style="text-align:center;"
| Q3 2015 || 102,336 || 13,091 || 11,597 || 6 || style="background:#f1f5fa;" | || style="background:#f1f5fa;" | || 11,603 || ||<ref>{{cite press release |url=http://files.shareholder.com/downloads/ABEA-4CW8X0/380261427x0x858516/F50A9FAF-BA73-4263-8E16-DE1FAC0BABDF/Q3_15_Shareholder_Letter.pdf |title=Tesla Motors – Third Quarter 2015 Shareholder Letter |author=Tesla Motors |publisher=Tesla Motors |location=Palo Alto, California |date=August 4, 2016 |access-date=November 3, 2015}} ''Tesla global electric car sales totaled 11,603 units during the third quarter of 2015, including six Tesla Model X units.''</ref>
|- style="text-align:center;"
| Q4 2015 || 116,373 || 14,037 || 17,272 || 206 || style="background:#f1f5fa;" | || style="background:#f1f5fa;" | || 17,478 || ||<ref>{{cite web |url=http://files.shareholder.com/downloads/ABEA-4CW8X0/456867397x0x874449/945B9CF5-86DA-4C35-B03C-4892824F058D/Q4_15_Tesla_Update_Letter.pdf |title=Tesla Fourth Quarter & Full Year 2015 Update |date=February 10, 2016 |publisher=Tesla Motors |access-date=February 10, 2016}}</ref>
|- style="text-align:center;"
| Q1 2016 || 131,883 || 15,510 || 12,420 || 2,400 || style="background:#f1f5fa;" | || style="background:#f1f5fa;" | || 14,820 || 2,615 ||<ref name="Tesla1Q2016">{{cite web |url=http://files.shareholder.com/downloads/ABEA-4CW8X0/2007076272x0x889927/27EE2FDA-9C77-4D6A-8CEE-E8DFE45227BA/Q1_2016_Tesla_Shareholder_Letter.pdf |title=Tesla shareholders letter:Tesla First Quarter 2016 Update |author=Tesla Motors |publisher=Tesla Motors |date=May 4, 2016 |access-date=August 4, 2016 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20160601053039/http://files.shareholder.com/downloads/ABEA-4CW8X0/2007076272x0x889927/27EE2FDA-9C77-4D6A-8CEE-E8DFE45227BA/Q1_2016_Tesla_Shareholder_Letter.pdf |archive-date=June 1, 2016 |url-status=dead}}</ref>
|- style="text-align:center;"
| Q2 2016 || 150,228 || 18,345 || 9,764 || 4,638|| style="background:#f1f5fa;" | || style="background:#f1f5fa;" | || 14,402 || 5,150 ||<ref>{{cite press release |url=http://files.shareholder.com/downloads/ABEA-4CW8X0/2563692152x0x903036/562D56A1-5426-4D79-8B99-3408D1B60226/Q2_16_Update_Letter_-_final.pdf |title=Tesla Second Quarter 2016 Update |publisher=Tesla Motors |location=[[Palo Alto]] |date=August 3, 2016 |access-date=August 3, 2016}} ''During the second quarter of 2016 Tesla Motors delivered 14,402 new vehicles consisting of 9,764 Model S and 4,638 Model X. Production during 2Q 2016 totaled 18,345 vehicles.''</ref><ref>{{cite press release |url=http://ir.tesla.com/releasedetail.cfm?ReleaseID=978031 |title=Tesla Q2 2016 Vehicle Production and Deliveries |publisher=Tesla Motors |location=[[Palo Alto]] |date=July 3, 2016 |access-date=August 3, 2016}}</ref>
|- style="text-align:center;"
| Q3 2016 || 175,413 || 25,185 || 16,047 || 8,774 || style="background:#f1f5fa;" | || style="background:#f1f5fa;" | || 24,821 || 5,065 ||<ref>{{cite web |url=http://files.shareholder.com/downloads/ABEA-4CW8X0/3100729770x0x913801/F9E5C36A-AFDD-4FF2-A375-ED9B0F912622/Q3_16_Update_Letter_-_final.pdf |title=Tesla Third Quarter 2016 Update |work=Tesla Motors |location=[[Palo Alto]] |date=October 26, 2016 |access-date=October 27, 2016}}</ref>
|- style="text-align:center;"
| Q4 2016 || 200,295 || 24,882 || 12,700 || 9,500 || style="background:#f1f5fa;" | || style="background:#f1f5fa;" | || 22,254 || 6,450 ||<ref>{{cite web |url=http://ir.tesla.com/releasedetail.cfm?ReleaseID=1006161 |title=Tesla Q4 2016 Production and Deliveries |work=Tesla Motors |location=[[Palo Alto]] |date=January 3, 2017 |access-date=January 3, 2017}}</ref><ref name="Tesla4Q2016final">{{cite web |url=http://files.shareholder.com/downloads/ABEA-4CW8X0/3853068125x0x929284/22C29259-6C19-41AC-9CAB-899D148F323D/TSLA_Update_Letter_2016_4Q.pdf |title=Tesla Fourth Quarter & Full Year 2016 Update |work=Tesla Inc. |location=[[Palo Alto]] |date=February 22, 2017 |access-date=February 22, 2017 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20170223212145/http://files.shareholder.com/downloads/ABEA-4CW8X0/3853068125x0x929284/22C29259-6C19-41AC-9CAB-899D148F323D/TSLA_Update_Letter_2016_4Q.pdf |archive-date=February 23, 2017 |url-status=dead |df=mdy-all}} ''Production totaled 24,882 vehicles in 4Q 2016 and vehicle deliveries totaled 22,252 units. No breakdown by model was provided.''</ref>
|- style="text-align:center;"
| Q1 2017 || 225,713 || 25,418 || ~13,450 || ~11,550 || style="background:#f1f5fa;" | || style="background:#f1f5fa;" | || 25,051 || ~4,650 ||<ref name="Tesla1Q2017">{{cite press release |title=Tesla Q1 2017 Vehicle Production and Deliveries |date=April 2, 2017 |publisher=Market Wired |location=[[Palo Alto]] |url=http://ir.tesla.com/releasedetail.cfm?ReleaseID=1019685 |quote=Tesla (NASDAQ: TSLA) delivered just over 25,000 vehicles in Q1, of which approx 13,450 were Model S and approx 11,550 were Model X. |access-date=April 4, 2017 |work=Tesla Motors}}</ref>
|- style="text-align:center;"
| Q2 2017 || 251,421 || 25,708 || ~12,000 || ~10,000 || style="background:#f1f5fa;" | || style="background:#f1f5fa;" | || 22,026 || ~3,500 ||<ref name="Tesla2Q2017">{{cite web |url=http://ir.tesla.com/releasedetail.cfm?ReleaseID=1032479 |title=UPDATE – Tesla Q2 2017 Vehicle Production and Deliveries |publisher=Tesla |date=July 7, 2017 |access-date=July 10, 2017}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://files.shareholder.com/downloads/ABEA-4CW8X0/4934165653x0x952053/F302D22F-FC9B-41A3-9534-60D0032673CC/TSLA_Update_Letter_2017-2Q.pdf |title=Tesla Second Quarter 2017 Update (Letter to shareholders) |publisher=Tesla |date=August 2, 2017 |access-date=August 5, 2017 |quote=We delivered 22,026 Model S and Model X vehicles in Q2, for a total of 47,077 in the first half of the year. |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20170805101731/http://files.shareholder.com/downloads/ABEA-4CW8X0/4934165653x0x952053/F302D22F-FC9B-41A3-9534-60D0032673CC/TSLA_Update_Letter_2017-2Q.pdf |archive-date=August 5, 2017 |url-status=dead}}</ref>
|- style="text-align:center;"
| Q3 2017 || 276,757 || 25,336 || 14,065 || 11,865 || 222 || style="background:#f1f5fa;" | || 26,137 || 4,820 ||<ref name="Tesla3Q2017">{{cite web |url=http://ir.tesla.com/releasedetail.cfm?ReleaseID=1042449 |title=Tesla Q3 2017 Vehicle Deliveries and Production |publisher=Tesla |date=October 2, 2017}}</ref><ref name="3Q2017Tesla250K">{{cite web |url=http://files.shareholder.com/downloads/ABEA-4CW8X0/5846881552x0x962149/00F6EB90-2695-44E6-8C03-7EC4E06DF840/TSLA |title=_Update_Letter_2017-3Q.pdf Tesla Third Quarter 2017 Update |publisher=Tesla |date=November 1, 2017 |access-date=January 10, 2018 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20180111165022/http://files.shareholder.com/downloads/ABEA-4CW8X0/5846881552x0x962149/00F6EB90-2695-44E6-8C03-7EC4E06DF840/TSLA |archive-date=January 11, 2018 |url-status=dead}}</ref>
|- style="text-align:center;"
| Q4 2017 || 301,322 || 24,565 || ~15,200 || ~13,120|| 1,542 || style="background:#f1f5fa;" | || 29,967 || 3,380 ||<ref name="Tesla4Q2017">{{cite web |url=http://ir.tesla.com/releasedetail.cfm?ReleaseID=1053245 |title=Tesla Q4 2017 Vehicle Production and Deliveries |publisher=Tesla |date=January 3, 2018}}</ref><ref name="Tesla4Q2017_AggProduction">{{cite web |url=https://electrek.co/2018/02/14/tesla-delivered-300000th-vehicle/ |title=Tesla confirms having produced its 300,000th electric car |publisher=Tesla |date=February 14, 2018}}</ref><ref name="Tesla4Q2017final">{{cite press release |url=http://files.shareholder.com/downloads/ABEA-4CW8X0/4934165653x0x970775/34923C55-6853-4223-ADDA-CB3CDC1B919F/TSLA_Update_Letter_2017-4Q.pdf |title=Tesla Fourth Quarter & Full Year 2017 Update |publisher=Tesla |work=Tesla |location=[[Palo Alto]] |date=February 7, 2017 |access-date=February 7, 2018 |quote=In Q4, we delivered 28,425 Model S and Model X vehicles and 1,542 Model 3 vehicles, totaling 29,967 deliveries. |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20180208182745/http://files.shareholder.com/downloads/ABEA-4CW8X0/4934165653x0x970775/34923C55-6853-4223-ADDA-CB3CDC1B919F/TSLA_Update_Letter_2017-4Q.pdf |archive-date=February 8, 2018 |url-status=dead}}</ref>
|- style="text-align:center;"
| Q1 2018 || 335,816 || 34,494 || 11,730 || 10,070|| 8,182 || style="background:#f1f5fa;" | || 29,997 || 6,100 ||<ref name="Tesla1Q2018">{{cite web |url=http://files.shareholder.com/downloads/ABEA-4CW8X0/3853068125x0x979026/44C49236-1FC2-4FD9-80B1-495ED74E4194/TSLA_Update_Letter_2018-1Q.pdf |title=Tesla First Quarter 2018 Update |publisher=Tesla |access-date=May 27, 2018 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20180527202413/http://files.shareholder.com/downloads/ABEA-4CW8X0/3853068125x0x979026/44C49236-1FC2-4FD9-80B1-495ED74E4194/TSLA_Update_Letter_2018-1Q.pdf |archive-date=May 27, 2018 |url-status=dead}}</ref>
|- style="text-align:center;"
| Q2 2018 || 389,155 || 53,339 || 10,930 || 11,370|| 18,440 || style="background:#f1f5fa;" | || 40,740 || 15,058 || <ref name="Tesla2Q2018">{{cite web |url=http://ir.tesla.com/news-releases/news-release-details/tesla-q2-2018-vehicle-production-and-deliveries |title=Tesla Second Quarter 2018 Delivery |publisher=Tesla |access-date=July 22, 2018}}</ref><ref name="Tesla2Q2018final">{{cite report|url=http://ir.tesla.com/static-files/7235e525-db16-470c-8dce-9ecac0ad7712 |page=2|title=Automotive Products|work=Tesla Second Quarter 2018 Update|date=August 1, 2018|access-date=August 2, 2018|first=RR|last1=Donnelley|quote=We produced 53,339 vehicles in Q2 and delivered 22,319 Model S and Model X vehicles and 18,449 Model 3 vehicles, totaling 40,768 deliveries.}}</ref>
|- style="text-align:center;"
| Q3 2018 || 469,297 || 80,142 || 14,470 || 13,190|| 56,065 || style="background:#f1f5fa;" | || 83,725 || 11,824 || <ref name="Tesla3Q2018">{{cite web |url=http://ir.tesla.com/news-releases/news-release-details/tesla-q3-2018-vehicle-production-and-deliveries |title=Tesla Third Quarter 2018 Delivery |publisher=Tesla |access-date=October 2, 2018}}</ref><ref name="Tesla3Q2018final">{{cite web| title=Tesla Third Quarter 2018 Update | url=http://ir.tesla.com/static-files/725970e6-eda5-47ab-96e1-422d4045f799 |publisher=Tesla |location=[[Palo Alto]] | date=October 24, 2018 |access-date=October 24, 2018}}
</ref>
|- style="text-align:center;"
| Q4 2018 || 555,852 || 86,555 || 13,500 || 14,050 || 63,359 || style="background:#f1f5fa;" | || 90,700 || 2,907 || <ref name="Tesla4Q2018">{{cite web |url=http://ir.tesla.com/news-releases/news-release-details/tesla-q4-2018-vehicle-production-deliveries-also-announcing-2000 |title=Tesla Fourth Quarter 2018 Delivery |publisher=Tesla |access-date=January 2, 2019}}</ref><ref name="Tesla4Q2018final">{{cite web| title=Tesla Fourth Quarter & Full Year 2018 Update | url=http://ir.tesla.com/static-files/0b913415-467d-4c0d-be4c-9225c2cb0ae0 |publisher=Tesla |location=[[Palo Alto]] | date=January 30, 2019| access-date=January 30, 2019|quote=In Q4, we delivered 63,359 Model 3 vehicles to customers in North America. }}</ref>
|- style="text-align:center;"
| Q1 2019 || 632,952 || 77,100 || colspan="2" | 12,100 || 50,900 || style="background:#f1f5fa;" | || 63,000 || 10,600 || <ref name="Tesla1Q2019">{{cite press release|publisher=Tesla |url=http://ir.tesla.com/news-releases/news-release-details/tesla-q1-2019-vehicle-production-deliveries |title=Tesla Q1 2019 Vehicle Production & Deliveries |location=Palo Alto |date=April 4, 2019 |access-date=April 4, 2019}}</ref>
|- style="text-align:center;"
| Q2 2019 || 720,000 || 87,048 || colspan="2" | 17,650 || 77,550 || style="background:#f1f5fa;" | || 95,200 || 7,400 || <ref name="Tesla2Q2019">{{cite press release|publisher=Tesla |url=https://ir.tesla.com/news-releases/news-release-details/tesla-q2-2019-vehicle-production-deliveries |title=Tesla Q2 2019 Vehicle Production & Deliveries |location=Palo Alto |date=July 2, 2019 |access-date=July 2, 2019}}</ref><ref name="wired20190703">{{cite magazine |url=https://www.wired.com/story/tesla-model-3-can-survive-crash-avoid-one-too/ |title=Tesla Model 3 Can Survive a Crash—and Avoid One, Too |first=Alex |last=Davies |magazine=Wired |location=US |date=July 3, 2019 |access-date=July 9, 2019}}</ref>
|- style="text-align:center;"
| Q3 2019 || 816,155 || 96,155 || colspan="2" | 17,483 || 79,703 || style="background:#f1f5fa;" | || 97,186 || || <ref name="Tesla3Q2019">{{cite press release|publisher=Tesla |url=https://ir.tesla.com/static-files/47313d21-3cac-4f69-9497-d161bce15da4 |title=Q3 2019 Update|location=Palo Alto |date=Oct 23, 2019 |access-date=Jan 7, 2020}}</ref>
|- style="text-align:center;"
| Q4 2019 || 921,046 || 104,891 || colspan="2" | 19,475 || 92,620 || style="background:#f1f5fa;" | || 112,095 || || <ref name="Tesla4Q2020" />
|- style="text-align:center;"
|Q1 2020 || 1,023,718 || 102,672 || colspan="2" | 12,230 || colspan="2" | 76,266 || 88,496 || || |<ref name="Tesla4Q2020" />
|- style="text-align:center;"
|Q2 2020 || 1,105,990 || 82,272 || colspan="2" | 10,614 || colspan="2" | 80,277 || 90,891 || || <ref name="Tesla4Q2020" />
|- style="text-align:center;"
|Q3 2020 || 1,251,026 || 145,036 || colspan="2" | 15,275 || colspan="2" | 124,318 || 139,593 || || <ref name="Tesla4Q2020" />
|- style="text-align:center;"
|Q4 2020 || 1,430,783 || 179,757 || colspan="2" | 18,966 || colspan="2" | 161,701 || 180,667 || || <ref name="Tesla4Q2020">{{cite web| title=Tesla Fourth Quarter & Full Year 2020 Update | url=https://tesla-cdn.thron.com/static/1LRLZK_2020_Q4_Quarterly_Update_Deck_-_Searchable_LVA2GL.pdf |publisher=Tesla |location=[[Palo Alto]] | date=2021-01-27 | access-date=2021-02-07}}</ref>
|- style="text-align:center;"
|Q1 2021 || 1,611,121 || 180,338 || colspan="2" | 2,030  || colspan="2" | 182,847 || 184,877 || || <ref name="Tesla1Q2021">{{cite web| title=Tesla Q1 2021 Quarterly Update | url=https://tesla-cdn.thron.com/delivery/public/document/tesla/a1ab64e7-7c18-421c-a898-9b60397b017b/S1dbei4/WEB/TSLA-Q1-2021-Update |publisher=Tesla |location=[[Palo Alto]] | date=2021-04-26 | access-date=2021-04-26}}</ref>
|- style="text-align:center;"
|Q2 2021 || 1,817,542 || 206,421 || colspan="2" | 1,895 || colspan="2" | 199,409 || 201,304 || || <ref name="Tesla2Q2021">{{cite web| title=Tesla Q2 2021 Quarterly Update | url=https://tesla-cdn.thron.com/delivery/public/document/tesla/915a0dab-11c4-4d81-9526-52995afb67ee/S1dbei4/WEB/q2_2021 |publisher=Tesla |location=[[Palo Alto]] | date=2021-07-26 | access-date=2021-07-26}}</ref>
|- style="text-align:center;"
|Q3 2021 || 2,055,365 || 237,823 || colspan="2" | 9,289 || colspan="2" | 232,102 || 241,391 || || <ref name="Tesla3Q2021">{{cite web| title=Tesla Q3 2021 Quarterly Update | url=https://tesla-cdn.thron.com/delivery/public/document/tesla/c7f38479-c161-4ddb-8e09-31211aa8078d/S1dbei4/WEB/TSLA-Q3-2021-Quarterly-Update |publisher=Tesla |location= [[Austin]] | date=2021-10-20 | access-date=2021-10-21}}</ref>
|- style="text-align:center;"
|Q4 2021 || 2,361,205 || 305,840 || colspan="2" | 11,766 || colspan="2" | 296,884 || 308,650 || || <ref name="Tesla4Q2021">{{cite web| title=Tesla Fourth Quarter & Full Year 2021 Update | url=https://tesla-cdn.thron.com/delivery/public/document/tesla/99573663-409d-442d-b1f6-50bfc75cb41c/S1dbei4/WEB/tsla-q4-and-fy-2021-update |publisher=Tesla |location= [[Austin]] | date=2022-01-27 | access-date=2022-01-27}}</ref>
|- style="text-align:center;"
|Q1 2022 || 2,666,612 || 305,407 || colspan="2" | 14,724 || colspan="2" | 295,324 || 310,048 || || <ref name="Tesla1Q2022">{{cite web| title=Tesla Vehicle Production & Deliveries for First Quarter 2022 | url=https://ir.tesla.com/press-release/tesla-vehicle-production-deliveries-and-date-financial-results-webcast-first-quarter |publisher=Tesla |location= [[Austin]] | date=2022-04-02 | access-date=2022-04-03}}</ref>
|}
 
=== Global greenhouse gas emissions by sector<ref name=":11">https://ourworldindata.org/emissions-by-sector</ref> ===
 
The 'energy use in industry' category relates to the energy used to manufacture products connected to the industry sector, such as iron and steel (7.2%), chemicals & petrochemicals (3.6%) and tobacco products and food processing (1%).
 
The transport category relates to the emissions generated from the 'powering' of transport activities. Note, the transport category does not include emissions from the manufacturing of motor vehicles or other transport equipment (those emissions are included in the ‘energy use in industry’ category).
 
According to the Global Change Data Lab charity, to reach net-zero emissions, there is no single fix; innovations across many sectors are needed<ref name=":11" />. For example, even if we could fully decarbonize our electricity supply, we would also need to electrify all of our heating and road transport.<ref name=":11" />
 
{| class="wikitable sortable"
|+'''Global greenhouse gas emissions by sector'''
!Processes
!Contributions to global greenhouse gas emissions (%)
!Sector
|-
|Energy use in industry
|24.2%
|Energy
|-
|Transport
|16.2%
|Energy
|-
|Energy use in buildings
|17.5%
|Energy
|-
|Unallocated fuel combustion
|7.8%
|Energy
|-
|Fugitive emissions from energy production
|5.8%
|Energy
|-
|Energy use in agriculture and fishing
|1.7%
|Energy
|-
|Cement
|3.0%
|Industry
|-
|Chemicals & petrochemicals
|2.2%
|Industry
|-
|Wastewater
|1.3%
|Waste
|-
|Landfills
|1.9%
|Waste
|-
|Grassland
|0.1%
|Agriculture, Forestry and Land Use
|-
|Cropland
|1.4%
|Agriculture, Forestry and Land Use
|-
|Deforestation
|2.2%
|Agriculture, Forestry and Land Use
|-
|Crop burning
|3.5%
|Agriculture, Forestry and Land Use
|-
|Rice cultivation
|1.3%
|Agriculture, Forestry and Land Use
|-
|Agricultural soils
|4.1%
|Agriculture, Forestry and Land Use
|-
|Livestock & manure
|5.8%
|Agriculture, Forestry and Land Use
|}
 
== Notes==
 
'''Bid-ask spread'''
 
The bid–ask spread is the difference between the prices quoted for an immediate sale (ask) and an immediate purchase (bid) for the investment.
 
For example, if the price to buy an investment is $663.90 and the price to sell the investment is $663.89, the bid-ask spread of the investment is $0.01 (i.e.$663.90 minus $663.89). Converting the figure into percentage, the bid-ask spread is 0.0015063% (i.e. $0.01 divided by $663.90).
 
'''Investment risk'''
 
Research shows that an investment has two main types of risks: 1) non-systematic and 2) systematic. Systematic risk is the risk related to the overall market, and non-systematic risk is the risk that's specific to an individual investment. Evidence shows that taking on non-systematic risk is inefficient, and it's, therefore, best to eliminate it; and in most cases, elimination is fairy easy to do [by holding a diversified portfolio of investments (i.e. around 15 investments)]. Accordingly, when assessing the riskiness of an investment, it’s best to look at the systematic risk only (i.e. ignore the non-systematic risk). A key measure of systematic risk is beta, and a main way to determine the riskiness of an investment is to compare the beta of the investment with the beta of the market, which is 1. For example, Tesla's beta is 2.12, and is, accordingly, 112% above the market beta (of 1); assuming that a 'high' level of riskiness is 50% or more above the market beta, then the riskiness of investing in Tesla is considered to be 'high' (112%>50%).
 
'''Current ratio'''
 
The current ratio is a liquidity ratio that measures whether a firm has enough resources to meet its short-term obligations. It compares a firm's current assets to its current liabilities, and is expressed as follows:-
 
Current ratio = Current assets divided by current liabilities
 
Acceptable current ratios vary from industry to industry and from business lifecycle stage.
 
'''Quick ratio'''
 
The quick ratio, also known as the acid-test ratio, is a type of liquidity ratio, which measures the ability of a company to use its near cash or quick assets to extinguish or retire its current liabilities immediately. It is defined as the ratio between quickly available or liquid assets and current liabilities. Quick assets are current assets that can presumably be quickly converted to cash at close to their book values.
 
A normal liquid ratio is considered to be 1:1. A company with a quick ratio of less than 1 cannot currently fully pay back its current liabilities.
 
The quick ratio is similar to the current ratio, but provides a more conservative assessment of the liquidity position of firms as it excludes inventory, which it does not consider as sufficiently liquid.
 
'''Cash ratio'''
 
The cash ratio is a liquidity measure that shows a company's ability to cover its short-term obligations using only cash and cash equivalents.
 
The cash ratio is derived by adding a company's total reserves of cash and near-cash securities and dividing that sum by its total current liabilities.
 
The cash ratio is more conservative than other liquidity ratios because it only considers a company's most liquid resources.
 
A calculation greater than 1 means a company has more cash on hand than current debts, while a calculation less than 1 means a company has more short-term debt than cash.
 
'''Power purchase agreement'''
 
A power purchase agreement (PPA) is a contract between two parties, one which generates electricity (the seller) and one which is looking to purchase electricity (the buyer). The agreement defines all of the commercial terms for the sale of electricity between the two parties, including when the project will begin commercial operation, schedule for delivery of electricity, penalties for under delivery, payment terms, and termination.
 
{| class="wikitable"
|+ Risk rating
|-
! Rating !! Beta
|-
| style="background: green; color: white;" |Low || style="background: green; color: white;" |Equal to or below 0.5
|-
| style="background: orange; color: white;" |Medium || style="background: orange; color: white;" |Between 0.5 and 1.5
|-
| style="background: red; color: white;" |High || style="background: red; color: white;" |Equal to or above 1.5
|}
 
==Actions==
 
To invest in Tesla, click [https://www.hl.co.uk/shares/shares-search-results/t/tesla-inc-usd0.001/buy-and-sell-shares here].
 
To contact Tesla, click [mailto:ir@tesla.com here].
 
==References==
<references />

Revision as of 17:48, 13 July 2022

Connecting outstanding operations talent with the most inclusive companies

Summary

  • $1M GMV run rate
  • 120+ customers and 350+ on the waitlist since launch in Dec 2021
  • Founded and led by Arlan Hamilton, founder of Backstage Capital
  • 1500+ Runner applicants & 205+ in our onboarding pipeline
  • GMV growing 57% month-over-month as of March 2022
  • Launched just 8.5 months ago in September 2021

Problem

Growing companies need access to outstanding operations talent and layoffs and resignations are contributing to high turnover across industries.

80+% of people resigning from their jobs are leaving due to burnout or boredom. Meanwhile, growing companies need access to outstanding operations talent as they scale.

Job matching and gig-working platforms are thriving, but existing platforms have some key shortcomings:

  • They create a vast marketplace, but aren't optimized for non-technical operations talent;
  • Workers aren't generally W-2 employees, leaving them without access to benefits;
  • Alignment of values and mission between company and workers isn't prioritized; this is a critical factor for culture fit, worker motivation, and potential burnout.

Solution

Connecting outstanding operations talent with the most inclusive companies

We help you add the people your team needs fractionally or temp to hire, when they're needed.

Why Runner

Product

A CEO's best friend

How it works

Runner currently offers five categories of operational talent:

HUMAN RESOURCES

Our People leaders will support the shaping of your team's culture at each stage of your company's growth—recruiting, generalists, compliance, and everything in between.

OPERATIONS

Our Operations talent will run toward solving complex challenges. They make an impact through designing and managing efficient and effective operations.

CONSULTANT

For teams looking for a thought partner and subject matter expert, our consultants have the ability to design and execute risk management solutions and translate company leadership vision to scalable systems and processes.

EXECUTIVE ASSISTANT

Our team of administrative professionals provide broad-based support including scheduling, inbox management, research, and project management. They anticipate the needs of those they support and quickly become a trusted confidant to the team.

RUNNER

We love this category of talent as the sky is the limit! From specialists to generalists, they meet your evolving business needs when you need them, as you need them. Think event staff, extra administrative support, or whatever your business requires.

Traction

$1M GMV

Growing 57% month-over-month as of March 2022

Started just 8.5 months ago in September 2021

Shoutouts & early wins

Customers

122+ current customers and 350+ waitlisted since December 2021

  • Customer Profile: Startups with less than 10 employees make up 78% of Runner’s customer base. We also serve many of the Fortune 500 household names.
  • Customers benefit from stretching staffing budget by leveraging fractional senior operational support to scale while increasing productivity and profitability.
  • Customer feedback:
    • "Jordan is 100% an ideal match. She’s providing above and beyond value for her rate and time – she’s a literally perfect fit for the role I hired her into." - Sara Lobkovich, Red Currant, repeat customer, working with her 3rd Runner
    • "Morgan is incredible. She’s got huge long-term potential in service delivery (coaching, consulting) and product ideation in the knowledge &  information management space. She’s providing excellent work for me while she learns and grows."
    • "Tsukuru has gone above and beyond in making sure things get done promptly - it's been wonderful working with him"- Gefen Skolnick, Couplet Coffee, has retained the same Runner for 6 months

Business model

Runner ecosystem

Pricing

Our model is simple. With Runner's 25% booking fee, you have access to unlimited matches within our inclusive operational talent pool.

Runner handles the interviewing, background checks, manages the entire payroll process and invoices the company for the matched talents time.

WITH RUNNER'S 25% BOOKING FEE:

  • No subscription fees
  • No recruitment fees for temp-to-hire roles* No hidden or additional fees
  • No hidden or additional fees

*Direct hire roles have an industry low 10% fee

Market

People want to curate their careers, & are demanding more flexibility than ever

COVID accelerated an existing trend, and Runner is positioned for success

Layoff headlines

The number of companies laying off their workforce is an unfortunate trend that is not slowing down. Twitter is gearing up to lay off hundreds. Fast recently laid off 450, Peloton almost 3K, Hopin over 100, and Robinhood just laid off 9% of its workforce. Very recently, Cameo and OnDeck added to this growing list.





With mass layoffs, engineers and technical roles often have jobs lined up (whether via acquihire, or headhunted immediately) while operations talent often has a more difficult time. That operations talent will utilize Runner exponentially over the next 18 months.

Runner is a soft landing for countless operational talent who are often overlooked.

From Harvard Business Review:

"[Resignations are] now back in line with the pre-pandemic trend, which is one that American employers are likely to be contending with for years to come...  companies that have the vision and resources to offer flexibility to their employees are the most likely to maintain a stable and competitive workforce. And the companies best able to attract and retain talent will be those offering benefits that address the changing needs of workers."

Competition

Runner stands apart from our competition with our inclusive approach

Vision and strategy

With the push of a few buttons and a short amount of time, Runner makes it possible for any company to hire outstanding operational talent.

Runner:

  • Enables companies to get the support they need, when they need it
  • Enables individuals to curate their career; do the work they want to do when they want to do it
  • Provides opportunity for Value and Mission alignment between Customers and Runners
  • Is hyper focused and known for providing operations talent to inclusive companies
  • Provides a viable additional stream of income for operations talent

Funding

Backed by Backstage Capital, Precursor Ventures, Gaingels, and more, Runner has a diverse cap table of incredible investors supporting us as we grow.

Founders

Arlan Hamilton

CEO & Founder

Arlan Hamilton is the Founder and Managing Partner of Backstage Capital, a venture capital firm dedicated to minimizing funding disparities in tech by investing in high-potential founders who are people of color, women, and/or LGBT. Started in 2015, Backstage has invested $12M+ into 160+ startups led by underestimated founders and has been featured in Fast Company, Forbes, Fortune, CNN Money, Inc., Entrepreneur, and Quartz.

In October 2018, Arlan was featured on the cover of Fast Company magazine, making her the first Black woman who is not an entertainer or athlete to grace the cover. Her first book, It's About Damn Time, was published by Penguin Random house in May 2020. Arlan also hosts Your First Million, a podcast featuring notable people who have reached their first million dollars, downloads, or customers.

Arlan entered the venture investing world from an unconventional path. Before launching Backstage Capital, she authored the groundbreaking blog "Your Daily Lesbian Moment", which she grew to a monthly readership of 50,000 fans worldwide. She has written for AOL, SuicideGirls, and Curve Magazine, and founded and published the internationally distributed indie magazine Interlude. Arlan is also a live music production professional, having served as a tour manager to numerous international artists including will.i.am, Toni Braxton, and Jason Derulo. Most recently, she worked with Atlantic Records recording artist Janine.

In 2018, Arlan co-founded, along with Investment Partner Christie Pitts, Backstage Studio, a new venture studio designed to build products, services, and initiatives that serve the mission of eliminating underrepresentation in tech by empowering founders and their teams to succeed. In April 2018, Arlan and Backstage Studio were the subject of Season 7 of the popular Gimlet Media podcast, StartUp. In October 2018, Backstage Studio announced four accelerator programs, in Los Angeles, Detroit, Philadelphia, and London, UK. In June 2020, Backstage announced its Crowd initiative, providing access to the best underrepresented deal flow to accredited and non-accredited investors. Arlan was recently named on Fortune magazine's 40 under 40 list, as well as Vanity Fair magazine's The 2018 New Establishment List.

Runner Team

Arlan Hamilton

Founder and CEO

Arlan Hamilton is the CEO of Hire Runner, which connects outstanding operations talent with inclusive companies. Arlan is also the Founder and Managing Partner of Backstage Capital, a fund that invests in underestimated founders.

Dianna Moore

COO

Dianna has a strong foundation in finance, risk management, people development and is known for optimizing processes, leading change, modeling ethical values, and inspiring others.

Frantz Joseph

CTO

Frantz has 10 years in Engineering Leadership at Netflix, Etsy, & Mailchimp, with 18 years of expertise in Software Engineering within Tech & Gaming

Lauren Walker-Reader

VP, Operations

Lauren is an engaging, creative professional who builds operational rhythms, anticipates organizational needs and enables leaders to operate efficiently.

Melanie Goodloe

Director of Customer Success

An Entrepreneur, Founder & Coach, Melanie creates and drives key initiatives that help customers optimize value

Michelle Heng

HR Business Partner Leader

Michelle brings 12 years of experience within Human Resources recruiting, Head of People, & People Operations to the Runner team

Nicole Healy

Chief of Staff

Nicole has 10 years in tech startup leadership – Business Development, Client Services, and Operations.

Risks

Our business could be adversely affected if we are unable to protect our proprietary technology or if someone claims that we are infringing on their proprietary technology.

Our success depends, in part, upon our proprietary methodologies and other intellectual property rights. There can be no assurance that the steps taken by us to protect our proprietary information will be adequate to deter misappropriation of our proprietary information or that we will be able to detect unauthorized use and take appropriate steps to enforce our intellectual property rights. In addition, although we believe that our services do not infringe on the intellectual property rights of others, there can be no assurance that such a claim will not be asserted against us in the future, or that if asserted any such claim will be successfully defended. A successful claim against us could materially and adversely affect our business, financial condition and results of operations. Further, these lawsuits could be expensive, take significant time and divert management’s attention from other business concerns.

Interruptions to or failure of our Hire Runner App or other information processing systems may disrupt our business and our sales may suffer.

We are dependent on our information processing systems to timely process client requests and manage our Runners. Interruptions to or failure of our Hire Runner App (the “App”) or other information processing systems may be costly to fix and may damage our relationships with our clients and our operational talent in the categories of human resources, operations, consulting, executive assistance (such talent, “Runners”), and cause us to lose clients and distributors. If we are unable to fix problems with our app or other information processing systems in a timely manner our sales may suffer. Although we plan to allocate significant resources to expanding our systems and infrastructure, there is no guarantee that such systems and infrastructure could prove to be insufficient unless further improved and expanded, especially if we experience a large increase in business.

The failure to recruit, maintain and motivate a large base of productive Runners could limit our ability to generate revenues.

We are an employment recruitment service. To derive revenues, we will have to recruit and engage operational talent. We cannot assure you that we will be successful in recruiting and retaining productive talent, particularly since organizations in many different industries have experienced high turnover rates of employees. Typically, Runners can terminate their relationship with the Company at any time. In recruiting and keeping Runners, we will be subject to significant competition from other organizations, both inside and outside the tech startup industry. Our ability to attract and retain Runners will be dependent on the attractiveness of our compensation plan, our client mix, and the support we offers to our Runners. Adverse publicity concerning tech startups and public perception of recruitment services generally could negatively affect our ability to attract, motivate and retain Runners.

Adverse publicity associated with the Company’s clients or recruiting program, or those of similar companies, could harm the Company’s financial condition and operating results.

Adverse publicity concerning any actual or purported failure of the Company, its employees or its clients to comply with applicable laws and regulations, engage in good employment practices, or effectively manage the client/Runner matching process, or any other aspect of its business, whether or not resulting in enforcement actions or the imposition of penalties, could have an adverse effect on the goodwill of the Company and could negatively affect its ability to attract clients, or attract, motivate and retain Runners, which would negatively impact its ability to generate revenue. We cannot ensure that all clients or employees will comply with applicable legal requirements or engage in good employment practices.

A global economic downturn could result in a reduced demand for our services and increased volatility in our revenues.

Uncertainty about current and future economic conditions may cause our clients to reign in their spending generally, the impact of which may be that they stop or delay their Runner engagements. If these general economic conditions persist or continue to worsen, our future operating results could be adversely affected, particularly relative to our current expectations. In addition, reduced consumer spending may drive us and our competitors to offer services at promotional prices, which would have a negative impact on gross profit. A continued softening in consumer sales may adversely affect our clients’ industries, businesses and results of operations, as well as our own. Consequently, demand for our services could be materially different from expectations, which could negatively affect our results of operations and cause our revenues to decline. In addition, financial market volatility or credit market disruptions may limit our access to capital and may also negatively affect our clients’ ability to obtain credit to finance their businesses on acceptable terms. As a result, our clients’ needs and ability to purchase our services may decrease. Any inability of clients to pay us for our services may adversely affect our operations and cash flow.

Liability for inaccurate information or misuse of information could adversely impact our financial condition and operations.

Under general legal concepts and, in some instances, by specific state and federal statute, the Company could be held liable to our clients and/or to its employees for inaccurate information or misuse of the information derived from its employee screening vendors. Runner maintains internal policies designed to help ensure that background information it retrieves on its employees is accurate, but a failure to comply with those policies may result in inaccurate employee background information or the misuse of such information. Uninsured losses from such claims could adversely impact the operations and financial condition of the Company.

We may not be able to obtain or maintain sufficient insurance on commercially reasonable terms or with adequate coverage against potential liabilities in order to protect ourselves against liability or workers compensation claims.

Our business exposes us to potential liability and workers compensation risks that are inherent in the employment staffing service industry. We may become subject to liability claims resulting from the use of our services. In addition, liability insurance is becoming increasingly expensive. Being unable to obtain or maintain liability insurance in the future on acceptable terms or with adequate coverage against potential liabilities could have a material adverse effect on our business.

We have a limited operating history upon which you can evaluate our performance, and accordingly, our prospects must be considered in light of the risks that any new company encounters.

The Company is still in an early phase and we are just beginning to implement our business plan. There can be no assurance that we will ever operate profitably. The likelihood of our success should be considered in light of the problems, expenses, difficulties, complications and delays usually encountered by early stage companies. The Company may not be successful in attaining the objectives necessary for it to overcome these risks and uncertainties.

Global crises such as COVID-19 can have a significant effect on our business operations and revenue projections.

With the economic impact of COVID-19 potentially continuing throughout 2022 and into the future, the Company’s revenue may be adversely affected.

The amount of capital the Company is attempting to raise in this Offering may not be enough to sustain the Company’s current business plan.

In order to achieve the Company’s near and long-term goals, the Company may need to procure funds in addition to the amount raised in the Offering. There is no guarantee the Company will be able to raise such funds on acceptable terms or at all. If we are not able to raise sufficient capital in the future, we may not be able to execute our business plan, our continued operations will be in jeopardy and we may be forced to cease operations and sell or otherwise transfer all or substantially all of our remaining assets, which could cause an Investor to lose all or a portion of their investment.

We may face potential difficulties in obtaining capital.

We may have difficulty raising needed capital in the future as a result of, among other factors, our lack of revenues from sales, as well as the inherent business risks associated with our Company and present and future market conditions. We will require additional funds to execute our business strategy and conduct our operations. If adequate funds are unavailable, we may be required to delay, reduce the scope of or eliminate one or more of our research, development or commercialization programs, service launches or marketing efforts, any of which may materially harm our business, financial condition and results of operations.

We may implement new lines of business or offer new products and services within existing lines of business.

As an early-stage company, we may implement new lines of business at any time. There are substantial risks and uncertainties associated with these efforts, particularly in instances where the markets are not fully developed. In developing and marketing new lines of business and/or new products and services, we may invest significant time and resources. Initial timetables for the introduction and development of new lines of business and/or new products or services may not be achieved, and price and profitability targets may not prove feasible. We may not be successful in introducing new products and services in response to industry trends or developments in technology, or those new products may not achieve market acceptance. As a result, we could lose business, be forced to price products and services on less advantageous terms to retain or attract clients or be subject to cost increases. As a result, our business, financial condition or results of operations may be adversely affected.

We rely on various intellectual property rights, including trademarks, in order to operate our business.

The Company relies on certain intellectual property rights to operate its business. The Company’s intellectual property rights may not be sufficiently broad or otherwise may not provide us a significant competitive advantage. In addition, the steps that we have taken or will take to maintain and protect our intellectual property may not prevent it from being challenged, invalidated, circumvented or designed-around, particularly in countries where intellectual property rights are not highly developed or protected. In some circumstances, enforcement may not be available to us because an infringer has a dominant intellectual property position or for other business reasons, or countries may require compulsory licensing of our intellectual property. Our failure to obtain or maintain intellectual property rights that convey competitive advantage, adequately protect our intellectual property or detect or prevent circumvention or unauthorized use of such property, could adversely impact our competitive position and results of operations. We also rely on nondisclosure and noncompetition agreements with employees, consultants and other parties to protect, in part, trade secrets and other proprietary rights. There can be no assurance that these agreements will adequately protect our trade secrets and other proprietary rights and will not be breached, that we will have adequate remedies for any breach, that others will not independently develop substantially equivalent proprietary information or that third parties will not otherwise gain access to our trade secrets or other proprietary rights. As we expand our business, protecting our intellectual property will become increasingly important. The protective steps we have taken may be inadequate to deter our competitors from using our proprietary information. In order to protect or enforce our patent rights, we may be required to initiate litigation against third parties, such as infringement lawsuits. Also, these third parties may assert claims against us with or without provocation. These lawsuits could be expensive, take significant time and could divert management’s attention from other business concerns. The law relating to the scope and validity of claims in the technology field in which we operate is still evolving and, consequently, intellectual property positions in our industry are generally uncertain. We cannot assure you that we will prevail in any of these potential suits or that the damages or other remedies awarded, if any, would be commercially valuable.

The Company’s success depends on the experience and skill of its executive officers and key employees.

We are dependent on our executive officers and key employees. These persons may not devote their full time and attention to the matters of the Company. The loss of our executive officers and key employees could harm the Company’s business, financial condition, cash flow and results of operations.

Although dependent on certain key personnel, the Company does not have any key person life insurance policies on any such people.

We are dependent on certain key personnel in order to conduct our operations and execute our business plan, however, the Company has not purchased any insurance policies with respect to those individuals in the event of their death or disability. Therefore, if any of these personnel die or become disabled, the Company will not receive any compensation to assist with such person’s absence. The loss of such person could negatively affect the Company and our operations. We have no way to guarantee key personnel will stay with the Company, as many states do not enforce noncompetition agreements, and therefore acquiring key man insurance will not ameliorate all of the risk of relying on key personnel.

Damage to our reputation could negatively impact our business, financial condition and results of operations.

Our reputation and the quality of our brand are critical to our business and success in existing markets, and will be critical to our success as we enter new markets. Any incident that erodes consumer loyalty for our brand could significantly reduce its value and damage our business. We may be adversely affected by any negative publicity, regardless of its accuracy. Also, there has been a marked increase in the use of social media platforms and similar devices, including blogs, social media websites and other forms of internet-based communications that provide individuals with access to a broad audience of consumers and other interested persons. The availability of information on social media platforms is virtually immediate as is its impact. Information posted may be adverse to our interests or may be inaccurate, each of which may harm our performance, prospects or business. The harm may be immediate and may disseminate rapidly and broadly, without affording us an opportunity for redress or correction.

We operate in a highly regulated environment, and if we are found to be in violation of any of the federal, state, or local laws or regulations applicable to us, our business could suffer.

We are also subject to a wide range of federal, state, and local laws and regulations, such as local licensing requirements, and debt collection, consumer protection, health and safety, creditor, wage-hour, anti-discrimination, whistleblower and other employment practices laws and regulations and we expect these costs to increase going forward. The violation of these or future requirements or laws and regulations could result in administrative, civil, or criminal sanctions against us, which may include fines, a cease and desist order against the subject operations or even revocation or suspension of our license to operate the subject business. As a result, we have incurred and will continue to incur capital and operating expenditures and other costs to comply with these requirements and laws and regulations.

Our business could be negatively impacted by cyber security threats, attacks and other disruptions.

We continue to face advanced and persistent attacks on our information infrastructure where we manage and store various proprietary information and sensitive/confidential data relating to our operations. These attacks may include sophisticated malware (viruses, worms, and other malicious software programs) and phishing emails that attack our services or otherwise exploit any security vulnerabilities. These intrusions sometimes may be zero-day malware that are difficult to identify because they are not included in the signature set of commercially available antivirus scanning programs. Experienced computer programmers and hackers may be able to penetrate our network security and misappropriate or compromise our confidential information or that of our clients or other third-parties, create system disruptions, or cause shutdowns. Additionally, sophisticated software and applications that we produce or procure from third-parties may contain defects in design or manufacture, including “bugs” and other problems that could unexpectedly interfere with the operation of the information infrastructure. A disruption, infiltration or failure of our information infrastructure systems or any of our data centers as a result of software or hardware malfunctions, computer viruses, cyber-attacks, employee theft or misuse, power disruptions, natural disasters or accidents could cause breaches of data security, loss of critical data and performance delays, which in turn could adversely affect our business.

Security breaches of confidential client information or confidential employee information may adversely affect our business.

Our business requires the collection, transmission and retention of personally identifiable information, in various information technology systems that we maintain and in those maintained by third parties with whom we contract to provide services. The integrity and protection of that data is critical to us. The information, security and privacy requirements imposed by governmental regulation are increasingly demanding. Our systems may not be able to satisfy these changing requirements and client and employee expectations, or may require significant additional investments or time in order to do so. A breach in the security of our information technology systems or those of our service providers could lead to an interruption in the operation of our systems, resulting in operational inefficiencies and a loss of profits. Additionally, a significant theft, loss or misappropriation of, or access to, clients’ or other proprietary data or other breach of our information technology systems could result in fines, legal claims or proceedings.

There is no present market for the Securities and we have arbitrarily set the price.

The Offering price was not established in a competitive market. We have arbitrarily set the price of the Securities with reference to the general status of the securities market and other relevant factors. The Offering price for the Securities should not be considered an indication of the actual value of the Securities and is not based on our asset value, net worth, revenues or other established criteria of value. We cannot guarantee that the Securities can be resold at the Offering price or at any other price.

The use of individually identifiable data by our business, our business associates and third parties is regulated at the state, federal and international levels.

The regulation of individual data is changing rapidly, and in unpredictable ways. A change in regulation could adversely affect our business, including causing our business model to no longer be viable. Costs associated with information security – such as investment in technology, the costs of compliance with consumer protection laws and costs resulting from consumer fraud – could cause our business and results of operations to suffer materially. Additionally, the success of our online operations depends upon the secure transmission of confidential information over public networks, including the use of cashless payments. The intentional or negligent actions of employees, business associates or third parties may undermine our security measures. As a result, unauthorized parties may obtain access to our data systems and misappropriate confidential data. There can be no assurance that advances in computer capabilities, new discoveries in the field of cryptography or other developments will prevent the compromise of our client transaction processing capabilities and personal data. If any such compromise of our security or the security of information residing with our business associates or third parties were to occur, it could have a material adverse effect on our reputation, operating results and financial condition. Any compromise of our data security may materially increase the costs we incur to protect against such breaches and could subject us to additional legal risk.

The Company is not subject to Sarbanes-Oxley regulations and may lack the financial controls and procedures of public companies.

The Company may not have the internal control infrastructure that would meet the standards of a public company, including the requirements of the Sarbanes Oxley Act of 2002. As a privately-held (non-public) Company, the Company is currently not subject to the Sarbanes Oxley Act of 2002, and its financial and disclosure controls and procedures reflect its status as a development stage, non-public company. There can be no guarantee that there are no significant deficiencies or material weaknesses in the quality of the Company's financial and disclosure controls and procedures. If it were necessary to implement such financial and disclosure controls and procedures, the cost to the Company of such compliance could be substantial and could have a material adverse effect on the Company’s results of operations.

State and federal securities laws are complex, and the Company could potentially be found to have not complied with all relevant state and federal securities law in prior offerings of securities.

The Company has conducted previous offerings of securities and may not have complied with all relevant state and federal securities laws. If a court or regulatory body with the required jurisdiction ever concluded that the Company may have violated state or federal securities laws, any such violation could result in the Company being required to offer rescission rights to investors in such offering. If such investors exercised their rescission rights, the Company would have to pay to such investors an amount of funds equal to the purchase price paid by such investors plus interest from the date of any such purchase. No assurances can be given the Company will, if it is required to offer such investors a rescission right, have sufficient funds to pay the prior investors the amounts required or that proceeds from this Offering would not be used to pay such amounts. In addition, if the Company violated federal or state securities laws in connection with a prior offering and/or sale of its securities, federal or state regulators could bring an enforcement, regulatory and/or other legal action against the Company which, among other things, could result in the Company having to pay substantial fines and be prohibited from selling securities in the future.

The U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission does not pass upon the merits of the Securities or the terms of the Offering, nor does it pass upon the accuracy or completeness of any Offering document or literature.

You should not rely on the fact that our Form C is accessible through the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission’s EDGAR filing system as an approval, endorsement or guarantee of compliance as it relates to this Offering. The U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission has not reviewed this Form C, nor any document or literature related to this Offering.

Neither the Offering nor the Securities have been registered under federal or state securities laws.

No governmental agency has reviewed or passed upon this Offering or the Securities. Neither the Offering nor the Securities have been registered under federal or state securities laws. Investors will not receive any of the benefits available in registered offerings, which may include access to quarterly and annual financial statements that have been audited by an independent accounting firm. Investors must therefore assess the adequacy of disclosure and the fairness of the terms of this Offering based on the information provided in this Form C and the accompanying exhibits.

The Company's management may have broad discretion in how the Company uses the net proceeds of the Offering.

Unless the Company has agreed to a specific use of the proceeds from the Offering, the Company’s management will have considerable discretion over the use of proceeds from the Offering. You may not have the opportunity, as part of your investment decision, to assess whether the proceeds are being used appropriately.

The Company has the right to limit individual Investor commitment amounts based on the Company’s determination of an Investor’s sophistication.

The Company may prevent any Investor from committing more than a certain amount in this Offering based on the Company’s determination of the Investor’s sophistication and ability to assume the risk of the investment. This means that your desired investment amount may be limited or lowered based solely on the Company’s determination and not in line with relevant investment limits set forth by the Regulation CF rules. This also means that other Investors may receive larger allocations of the Offering based solely on the Company’s determination.

The Company has the right to extend the Offering Deadline.

The Company may extend the Offering Deadline beyond what is currently stated herein. This means that your investment may continue to be held in escrow while the Company attempts to raise the Target Offering Amount even after the Offering Deadline stated herein is reached. While you have the right to cancel your investment in the event the Company extends the Offering Deadline, if you choose to reconfirm your investment, your investment will not be accruing interest during this time and will simply be held until such time as the new Offering Deadline is reached without the Company receiving the Target Offering Amount, at which time it will be returned to you without interest or deduction, or the Company receives the Target Offering Amount, at which time it will be released to the Company to be used as set forth herein. Upon or shortly after the release of such funds to the Company, the Securities will be issued and distributed to you.

The Company may also end the Offering early.

If the Target Offering Amount is met after 21 calendar days, but before the Offering Deadline, the Company can end the Offering by providing notice to Investors at least 5 business days prior to the end of the Offering. This means your failure to participate in the Offering in a timely manner, may prevent you from being able to invest in this Offering – it also means the Company may limit the amount of capital it can raise during the Offering by ending the Offering early.

The Company has the right to conduct multiple closings during the Offering.

If the Company meets certain terms and conditions, an intermediate close of the Offering can occur, which will allow the Company to draw down on seventy percent (70%) of the proceeds committed and captured in the Offering during the relevant period. The Company may choose to continue the Offering thereafter. Investors should be mindful that this means they can make multiple investment commitments in the Offering, which may be subject to different cancellation rights. For example, if an intermediate close occurs and later a material change occurs as the Offering continues, Investors whose investment commitments were previously closed upon will not have the right to re-confirm their investment as it will be deemed to have been completed prior to the material change.

The Securities will not be freely tradable under the Securities Act until one year from the initial purchase date. Although the Securities may be tradable under federal securities law, state securities regulations may apply, and each Investor should consult with their attorney.

You should be aware of the long-term nature of this investment. There is not now and likely will not ever be a public market for the Securities. Because the Securities have not been registered under the Securities Act or under the securities laws of any state or foreign jurisdiction, the Securities have transfer restrictions and cannot be resold in the United States except pursuant to Rule 501 of Regulation CF. It is not currently contemplated that registration under the Securities Act or other securities laws will be effected. Limitations on the transfer of the Securities may also adversely affect the price that you might be able to obtain for the Securities in a private sale. Investors should be aware of the long-term nature of their investment in the Company. Each Investor in this Offering will be required to represent that they are purchasing the Securities for their own account, for investment purposes and not with a view to resale or distribution thereof.

Investors will not have voting rights, even upon conversion of the Securities and will grant a third-party nominee broad power and authority to act on their behalf.

In connection with investing in this Offering to purchase a Crowd SAFE ((Simple Agreement for Future Equity) investors will designate Republic Investment Services LLC (f/k/a NextSeed Services, LLC) (“Nominee”) to act on their behalf as agent and proxy in all respects. The Nominee will be entitled, among other things, to exercise any voting rights (if any) conferred upon the holder of a Crowd SAFE or any securities acquired upon their conversion, to execute on behalf of an investor all transaction documents related to the transaction or other corporate event causing the conversion of the Crowd SAFE, and as part of the conversion process the Nominee has the authority to open an account in the name of a qualified custodian, of the Nominee’s sole discretion, to take custody of any securities acquired upon conversion of the Crowd SAFE. Thus, by participating in the Offering, investors will grant broad discretion to a third party (the Nominee and its agents) to take various actions on their behalf, and investors will essentially not be able to vote upon matters related to the governance and affairs of the Company nor take or effect actions that might otherwise be available to holders of the Crowd SAFE and any securities acquired upon their conversion. Investors should not participate in the Offering unless he, she or it is willing to waive or assign certain rights that might otherwise be afforded to a holder of the Crowd SAFE to the Nominee and grant broad authority to the Nominee to take certain actions on behalf of the investor, including changing title to the Security.

Investors will not become equity holders until the Company decides to convert the Securities into “CF Shadow Securities” (the type of equity securities issuable upon conversion of the Securities) or until there is a change of control or sale of substantially all of the Company’s assets.

Investors will not have an ownership claim to the Company or to any of its assets or revenues for an indefinite amount of time and depending on when and how the Securities are converted, the Investors may never become equity holders of the Company. Investors will not become equity holders of the Company unless the Company receives a future round of financing great enough to trigger a conversion and the Company elects to convert the Securities into CF Shadow Securities. The Company is under no obligation to convert the Securities into CF Shadow Securities. In certain instances, such as a sale of the Company or substantially all of its assets, an initial public offering or a dissolution or bankruptcy, the Investors may only have a right to receive cash, to the extent available, rather than equity in the Company. Further, the Investor may never become an equity holder, merely a beneficial owner of an equity interest, should the Company or the Nominee decide to move the Crowd SAFE or the securities issuable thereto into a custodial relationship.

In the event of the dissolution or bankruptcy of the Company, Investors will not be treated as debt holders and therefore are unlikely to recover any proceeds.

In the event of the dissolution or bankruptcy of the Company, the holders of the Securities that have not been converted will be entitled to distributions as described in the Securities. This means that such holders will only receive distributions once all of the creditors and more senior security holders, including any holders of preferred stock, have been paid in full. Neither holders of the Securities nor holders of CF Shadow Securities can be guaranteed any proceeds in the event of the dissolution or bankruptcy of the Company.

Investors will not have voting rights, even upon conversion of the Securities into CF Shadow Securities.

Investors will not have the right to vote upon matters of the Company even if and when their Securities are converted into CF Shadow Securities (the occurrence of which cannot be guaranteed). Upon such conversion, the CF Shadow Securities will have no voting rights and, in circumstances where a statutory right to vote is provided by state law, the CF Shadow Security holders or the party holding the CF Shadow Securities on behalf of the Investors are required to enter into a proxy agreement with its designee to vote their CF Shadow Securities with the majority of the holder(s) of the securities issued in the round of equity financing that triggered the conversion right. For example, if the Securities are converted in connection with an offering of Series B Preferred Stock, Investors would directly or beneficially receive CF Shadow Securities in the form of shares of Series B-CF Shadow Preferred Stock and such shares would be required to be subject to a proxy that allows a designee to vote their shares of Series B-CF Shadow Preferred Stock consistent with the majority of the Series B Preferred Stockholders. Thus, Investors will essentially never be able to vote upon any matters of the Company unless otherwise provided for by the Company.

Investors will not be entitled to any inspection or information rights other than those required by law.

Investors will not have the right to inspect the books and records of the Company or to receive financial or other information from the Company, other than as required by law. Other security holders of the Company may have such rights. Regulation CF requires only the provision of an annual report on Form C and no additional information. Additionally, there are numerous methods by which the Company can terminate annual report obligations, resulting in no information rights, contractual, statutory or otherwise, owed to Investors. This lack of information could put Investors at a disadvantage in general and with respect to other security holders, including certain security holders who have rights to periodic financial statements and updates from the Company such as quarterly unaudited financials, annual projections and budgets, and monthly progress reports, among other things.

Investors will be unable to declare the Security in “default” and demand repayment.

Unlike convertible notes and some other securities, the Securities do not have any “default” provisions upon which Investors will be able to demand repayment of their investment. The Company has ultimate discretion as to whether or not to convert the Securities upon a future equity financing and Investors have no right to demand such conversion. Only in limited circumstances, such as a liquidity event, may Investors demand payment and even then, such payments will be limited to the amount of cash available to the Company.

The Company may never elect to convert the Securities or undergo a liquidity event and Investors may have to hold the Securities indefinitely.

The Company may never conduct a future equity financing or elect to convert the Securities if such future equity financing does occur. In addition, the Company may never undergo a liquidity event such as a sale of the Company or an initial public offering. If neither the conversion of the Securities nor a liquidity event occurs, Investors could be left holding the Securities in perpetuity. The Securities have numerous transfer restrictions and will likely be highly illiquid, with no secondary market on which to sell them. The Securities are not equity interests, have no ownership rights, have no rights to the Company’s assets or profits and have no voting rights or ability to direct the Company or its actions.

Equity securities acquired upon conversion of the Securities may be significantly diluted as a consequence of subsequent equity financings.

The Company’s equity securities will be subject to dilution. The Company intends to issue additional equity to employees and third-party financing sources in amounts that are uncertain at this time, and as a consequence holders of equity securities resulting from the conversion of the Securities will be subject to dilution in an unpredictable amount. Such dilution may reduce the Investor’s control and economic interests in the Company. The amount of additional financing needed by the Company will depend upon several contingencies not foreseen at the time of this Offering. Generally, additional financing (whether in the form of loans or the issuance of other securities) will be intended to provide the Company with enough capital to reach the next major corporate milestone. If the funds received in any additional financing are not sufficient to meet the Company’s needs, the Company may have to raise additional capital at a price unfavorable to their existing investors, including the holders of the Securities. The availability of capital is at least partially a function of capital market conditions that are beyond the control of the Company. There can be no assurance that the Company will be able to accurately predict the future capital requirements necessary for success or that additional funds will be available from any source. Failure to obtain financing on favorable terms could dilute or otherwise severely impair the value of the Securities. In addition, the Company has certain equity grants and convertible securities outstanding. Should the Company enter into a financing that would trigger any conversion rights, the converting securities would further dilute the equity securities receivable by the holders of the Securities upon a qualifying financing.

Equity securities issued upon conversion of the Securities may be substantially different from other equity securities offered or issued by the Company at the time of conversion.

In the event the Company decides to exercise the conversion right, the Company will convert the Securities into equity securities that are materially different from the equity securities being issued to new investors at the time of conversion in many ways, including, but not limited to, liquidation preferences, dividend rights, or anti-dilution protection. Additionally, any equity securities issued at the First Equity Financing Price (as defined in the Crowd SAFE agreement) shall have only such preferences, rights, and protections in proportion to the First Equity Financing Price and not in proportion to the price per share paid by new investors receiving the equity securities. Upon conversion of the Securities, the Company may not provide the holders of such Securities with the same rights, preferences, protections, and other benefits or privileges provided to other investors of the Company. The forgoing paragraph is only a summary of a portion of the conversion feature of the Securities; it is not intended to be complete, and is qualified in its entirety by reference to the full text of the Crowd SAFE agreement, which is attached as Exhibit C.

While the Securities provide mechanisms whereby holders of the Securities would be entitled to a return of their purchase amount upon the occurrence of certain events, if the Company does not have sufficient cash on hand, this obligation may not be fulfilled.

Upon the occurrence of certain events, as provided in the Securities, holders of the Securities may be entitled to a return of the principal amount invested. Despite the contractual provisions in the Securities, this right cannot be guaranteed if the Company does not have sufficient liquid assets on hand. Therefore, potential Investors should not assume a guaranteed return of their investment amount.

There is no guarantee of a return on an Investor’s investment.

There is no assurance that an Investor will realize a return on their investment or that they will not lose their entire investment. For this reason, each Investor should read this Form C and all exhibits carefully and should consult with their attorney and business advisor prior to making any investment decision.