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=== Cost of equity === {| class="wikitable" |+Cost of equity (%) !Input !Input value !Additional information |- |Risk-free rate (%) |5.061% |Here, the risk free rate is the US 30 year treasury bond, and is calculated as at 26th October 2023.<ref>https://www.marketwatch.com/investing/bond/tmubmusd30y?countrycode=bx</ref> Research suggests that for the risk-free rate, it's best to use one that has the same or similar maturity to the estimated remaining lifespan of the company. Here, we have assumed that the estimated lifespan of the company is 50 years, so we have used the longest maturity, which is 30 years. |- |Beta |0.86 |Here, to estimate the adjusted beta, we used the iShares MSCI World ETF to represent the market portfolio; and in terms of the time period and frequency of observations, we used five years of monthly data (i.e. 60 observations in total), which is supported by a study and is the most common choice. The beta value in a future period has been found to be on average closer to the mean value of 1.0, and because valuation is forward-looking, it is logical to adjust the raw beta so it more accurately predicts a future beta. |- |Equity risk premium (%) |7.13% |Here, the equity risk premium is in relation to the global region, and is calculated as at 1st July 2023.<ref>https://pages.stern.nyu.edu/~adamodar/New_Home_Page/datafile/ctryprem.html</ref> Research suggests that for the region of equity risk premium, it's best to use one that is the same or similar to the region of the beta market portfolio. Here, the region of the beta market portfolio is the world/global, so we have used the world/global region for the equity risk premium. |- |Cost of equity (%) |11.193% |Cost of equity = Risk-free rate + Beta x Equity risk premium. |}
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