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Safran SA
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== Operations == === Company history<ref>https://www.safran-group.com/group/history-and-heritage/timeline</ref> === * '''1896''': Maurice Mallet, Antonino Mélandri, and Paul Simard de Pitray found "Mallet, Mélandri et de Pitray," later merged with Zodiac in 2018. * '''1905:''' The Seguin brothers establish "Société des moteurs Gnome" for rotary airplane engines, leading to the merger with "Société des moteurs Le Rhône" in 1915, thus forming "Société des Moteurs Gnome & Rhône." * '''1911:''' Hispano-Suiza settles in Levallois, France, producing automobiles and later venturing into aircraft engine manufacturing. * '''1920:''' Messier Automobiles is founded, evolving into SFMA and later Messier, specializing in aircraft landing gear. * '''1930:''' Messier achieves a major milestone by developing the world's first automatic aircraft brake. * '''1938:''' Joseph Szydlowski establishes Turbomeca, specializing in aircraft engine compressors. * '''1945:''' Gnome & Rhône is nationalized and renamed Snecma (Société Nationale d'Etude et de Construction de Moteurs d'Aviation), consolidating most French aero-engine manufacturers. * '''1955:''' Turbomeca's "Artouste" engine powers the Alouette II, the world's first mass-produced turbine helicopter. * '''1961:''' Sagem achieves a significant milestone with the successful flight of the first French satellite, guided by their innovative inertial reference system. * '''1968:''' Hispano-Suiza joins Snecma, adding its expertise in aircraft equipment manufacturing, and shortly after, Messier also becomes part of Snecma. * '''1974:''' Snecma enters the commercial aviation engine market by partnering with General Electric Aircraft Engines to develop the CFM56 turbofan engine, one of the best-selling aircraft engines globally. * '''2005:''' The merger of Snecma and Sagem gives birth to Safran, a major aerospace, defense, and security group, unifying their strengths and expertise to provide innovative solutions to the industry. === What's the mission of the company? === Safran's purpose is to design, build, and support high-tech solutions that contribute to a safer, more sustainable world. They strive to make air transport environmentally friendly, comfortable, and accessible while addressing critical needs like defense and space exploration.<ref>https://www.safran-group.com/news/safran-unveils-its-purpose-statement-2020-06-23</ref> === Offerings === Safran's core offerings are centered around two primary segments: (1) Aerospace Propulsion and (2) Electronics & Defense.<ref>https://www.safran-group.com/pressroom/safran-reports-full-year-2022-results-2023-02-17</ref> ==== Aerospace Propulsion ==== The Aerospace Propulsion segment includes the production of aircraft engines, propulsion systems, landing gear, avionics systems, and aircraft interiors, along with providing after-sales services and aircraft electrical systems. Here we will present the different civil engines: [[File:LEAP 1A.png|thumb]] ===== '''CFM56''' ===== The CFM International CFM56 series, hailed as the world's best-selling engine in aviation history, also known as the F108 in the U.S. military, represents a collaborative family of high-bypass turbofan aircraft engines produced by CFM International (CFMI). These engines offer a versatile thrust range, spanning from 18,500 to 34,000 lbf (82 to 150 kN), making them suitable for a wide array of aviation applications.<ref name=":2" /> ===== '''LEAP ("Leading Edge Aviation Propulsion")''' ===== [[File:CFM-56.png|thumb|270x270px]] The CFM International LEAP is a cutting-edge high-bypass turbofan engine manufactured by CFM International, which is a 50-50 joint venture between GE Aviation from the United States and Safran Aircraft Engines (formerly Snecma) from France. As an evolutionary successor to the CFM56 engine, the LEAP engine directly competes with the Pratt & Whitney PW1000G to provide powerful propulsion options for narrow-body aircraft. With its advanced technology and design, the LEAP engine offers exceptional performance and efficiency, positioning itself as a leading choice for modernizing and enhancing the capabilities of commercial aircraft.<ref name=":2">https://www.safran-group.com/products-services?category%5B0%5D=342-commercial-aircraft-engines</ref> ===== '''LEAP-X & CFM56-5/7 comparison''' <ref name=":3">https://www.linkedin.com/pulse/rivalry-new-generation-engines-lepa-x-pure-power-pw1000g-daugilis/</ref> ===== The LEAP (Leading Edge Aviation Propulsion) series engine, an upgraded version of the CFM56-5/7 series. This engine is designed to provide power for the next generation of single-aisle commercial jets. {| class="wikitable" |+ !Engine series !LEAP-X !CFM56-5/7 |- |Fan |18 blades |36 blades |- |LPC |3 stages |4/3 stages |- |HPC |10 stages |9 stages |- |Combustor |Twin Annular Premixing Swirler (TAPS II) |conventional |- |HPT |2 stages |1 stage |- |LPT |7/5 stages |4 stages |- |Total core stages |22 stages |18 stages |} {| class="wikitable" |+ !Model !Application !Thrust range !In service |- |LEAP-1A |Airbus A320 neo family |24,500-35,000 lbf (109-156 kN) |Aug 2016 |- |LEAP-1B |Boeing 737 MAX family |23,000-28,000 lbf (100-120 kN) |May 2017 |- |LEAP-1C |COMAC C919 |27,980-31,000 lbf (124.5-137.9 kN) |2020/2021 |} {| class="wikitable" |+ !Model !Fan diameter !Bypass ratio !Weight (wet) !Thrust to weight (wet) ratio |- |LEAP-1A |78 in (198 cm) |11:1 |6.632 lb (3.008 kg) |5.3 |- |LEAP-1B |69.4 in (176 cm) |9:1 |6.128 lb (2780 kg) |4.5 |- |LEAP-1C |78 in (198 cm) |11:1 |6.632 lb (3.008 kg) |4.6 |} ===== '''Rival comparison'''<ref name=":3" /> ===== The primary competitor engines of the LEAP is the Pratt & Whitney's PW1000G (also known as the PurePower PW1000G) series. The PW1000G engine is part of Pratt & Whitney's geared turbofan (GTF) technology, which aims to improve fuel efficiency, reduce emissions, and lower noise levels. Both the LEAP and PW1000G engines are designed to power the next generation of single-aisle commercial aircraft and are competitors in the market for narrow-body jet engines. {| class="wikitable" |+ !Engine series !LEAP-X !PW1000G |- |Fan |18 blades |20 blades (PW1100G) |- |Fan gear | - |The reduction gear box (5 planetary gears) |- |LPC |3 stages |3/2 stages |- |HPC |10 stages |8 stages |- |Combustor |Twin Annular Premixing Swirler (TAPS II) |Lean-burn (TalonX) |- |HPT |2 stages |2 stages |- |LPT |7/5 stages |3 stages |- |Total core stages |22 stages |16 stages |} {| class="wikitable" |+ !Criteria !LEAP-X Engine !PW1000G Engine |- |Propulsive Efficiency |style="background: green; color: white;" | Larger fan diameter allows higher bypass ratio, leading to improved propulsive efficiency and fuel savings. |style="background: red; color: white;" | Gear system optimizes fan and LP spool rotation, potentially enhancing propulsive efficiency. |- |Thermal Efficiency |style="background: orange; color: white;" | New generation combustion system and advanced materials increase thermal efficiency. Higher operating temperatures require additional cooling systems and materials. |style="background: orange; color: white;" | New generation combustion system and advanced materials improve thermal efficiency. Higher operating temperatures necessitate additional cooling systems and materials. |- |Noise Reduction |style="background: orange; color: white;" | Designed with noise reduction in mind. Centrifugal FOD ejection system helps protect against debris-induced noise. |style="background: green; color: white;" | Gear system allows for lower fan rotation speeds, contributing to noise reduction. |} ==== Electronics<ref name=":0" /> ==== '''Avionics and Flight Control Systems:''' Safran leads in avionics development, offering advanced flight control systems, fly-by-wire technology, and cockpit displays for commercial and military aircraft. Their systems ensure precise control, enhancing safety and pilot awareness. Renowned flight management systems optimize paths, reducing fuel consumption and operational costs for airlines. '''Electro-Optics and Infrared Systems:''' Safran excels in electro-optics and infrared systems, enabling day and night vision for defense and security applications. These systems support surveillance, reconnaissance, and target acquisition, providing critical data in challenging environments. Widely used in UAVs, Safran's technology enhances intelligence gathering. '''Communication and Data Security:''' In the Electronics & Defense sector, Safran offers secure communication and data solutions for military and government entities. Encrypted systems protect sensitive information, guarding against cyber threats. Safran's commitment to data security ensures critical military communications are safeguarded in an interconnected world. ==== Defense<ref name=":0" /> ==== '''Navigation and Identification Systems:''' Safran's defense solutions encompass advanced navigation systems that provide accurate and reliable positioning for military platforms, ensuring precise mission execution and effective deployment of resources. Additionally, their identification systems play a pivotal role in friend-or-foe recognition, minimizing the risk of friendly fire incidents during operations and enhancing overall combat safety. '''Optronics and Targeting Systems:''' Safran's optronics solutions are deployed across various military platforms, offering superior target acquisition and tracking capabilities. These systems, integrated into armored vehicles, helicopters, and UAVs, provide enhanced situational awareness and increased accuracy for precision strikes, thus bolstering the effectiveness of military missions. '''Drone Solutions:''' Safran's drone technologies cater to both military and civilian applications. Their unmanned aerial systems (UAS) offer intelligence, surveillance, and reconnaissance capabilities for defense operations, providing real-time data and enhancing the tactical decision-making process. Safran's expertise in drone technology makes them a key player in the rapidly evolving field of unmanned systems.
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